Pub Date : 1974-12-01DOI: 10.1051/JPHYSCOL:1974625
T. Shinohara, M. Fujioka, H. Onodera, K. Hisatake, Hisao. Yamamoto, Hiroshi Watanabe
The internal conversion electrons from M and N shells of the 14.4 keV transition of 57Fe diffused into Cr, Ni, Cu, Pt and Au substrates were measured using a high-resolution &ray spectrometer. From relative intensities of conversion electrons analyzed using a deconvolution method, we deduced the contact charge density of 4s electrons p ~ , ( 0 ) of s7Fe impurity atom in these host metals. The 4s contact charge density of 57Fe embedded in these host metals, as well as Fe and Co metals, is found to be nearly equal. This fact indicates that the 3s contact charge density ~3s(0) plays an important role in the variation of the isomer shift of 57Fe in these alloys.
{"title":"The Contact Charge Densities of 4s Electrons of Fe Impurity Atom in Some Transition and Noble Metals(Physics)","authors":"T. Shinohara, M. Fujioka, H. Onodera, K. Hisatake, Hisao. Yamamoto, Hiroshi Watanabe","doi":"10.1051/JPHYSCOL:1974625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/JPHYSCOL:1974625","url":null,"abstract":"The internal conversion electrons from M and N shells of the 14.4 keV transition of 57Fe diffused into Cr, Ni, Cu, Pt and Au substrates were measured using a high-resolution &ray spectrometer. From relative intensities of conversion electrons analyzed using a deconvolution method, we deduced the contact charge density of 4s electrons p ~ , ( 0 ) of s7Fe impurity atom in these host metals. The 4s contact charge density of 57Fe embedded in these host metals, as well as Fe and Co metals, is found to be nearly equal. This fact indicates that the 3s contact charge density ~3s(0) plays an important role in the variation of the isomer shift of 57Fe in these alloys.","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"4 1","pages":"361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74571994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14786437408207241
M. Koiwa
Abstract The formation of precipitate particles in solid solutions is studied by regarding the process as comprising chain reactions, where the collision of two single solute atoms initiates the clustering. Calculations are greatly simplified if back-reactions, i.e. the decomposition of once-formed particles, are completely neglected. The reaction constant for particle growth are considered to be dependent on the size of particles, and the dependence is different for different growth mechanisms. The kinetics are examined for the two cases, size-independent and size-dependent (proportional to the number of solute atoms in the respective particle) reaction constants; the behaviour of actual systems may be inferred from the results of these two imaginary cases. The resultant distribution of particle size is very different for the two cases, especially when the rate for the initiation of the chain reactions is slow in comparison to those for subsequent reactions; for the latter case (size-dependent) the distr...
{"title":"Kinetic Theory of Precipitation Processes in Solid Solutions. III(Physics)","authors":"M. Koiwa","doi":"10.1080/14786437408207241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14786437408207241","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The formation of precipitate particles in solid solutions is studied by regarding the process as comprising chain reactions, where the collision of two single solute atoms initiates the clustering. Calculations are greatly simplified if back-reactions, i.e. the decomposition of once-formed particles, are completely neglected. The reaction constant for particle growth are considered to be dependent on the size of particles, and the dependence is different for different growth mechanisms. The kinetics are examined for the two cases, size-independent and size-dependent (proportional to the number of solute atoms in the respective particle) reaction constants; the behaviour of actual systems may be inferred from the results of these two imaginary cases. The resultant distribution of particle size is very different for the two cases, especially when the rate for the initiation of the chain reactions is slow in comparison to those for subsequent reactions; for the latter case (size-dependent) the distr...","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"23 1","pages":"174-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81162553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hirabayashi, S. Yamaguchi, T. Arai, H. Asano, S. Hashimoto
Neutron diffraction experiments have been made to reveal the nature of the interstitial order-disorder transformation in the ZrO system using single crystals. The disordering transition of the alloy with O/Zr ⪅ 0.3 occurs below 450 °C, while in the composition O/Zr = 0.3 to 0.4 the disordering undergoes stepwise in such a way that the stacking sequence of the oxygen-atom layers changes below 600 °C and subsequently the ordered distribution in the layers becomes random. A tentative phase diagram is proposed on the basis of the present results. Neutronen-Beugungsversuche wurden zur Klarung des Ordnung–Unordnungs-Uberganges von Sauerstoffatomen auf Zwischengitterplatzen im ZrO-System mit Einkristallen durchgefuhrt. Die Umwandlung der Legierungen mit O/Zr ⪅ 0,3 tritt unterhalb 450 °C auf, jedoch fur Legierungen mit O/Zr = 0,3 bis 0,4 zweistufig in einer Weise, das sich die Stapelfolge der Sauerstoffatomflachen unterhalb 600 °C andert und darauf die Verteilung der Sauerstoffatomschichten ungeordnet wird. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse wird versuchsweise ein Zustandsdiagramm vorgeschlagen.
中立转调实验是为了重申ZrO系统中仅有仅有的改变之自然《The disordering过渡alloy和O / Zr⪅0.3 occurs below 450°C,而《composition O / Zr = 0.3到0.4 The disordering undergoes stepwise在景色路是通往stacking sequence of The oxygen-atom layers转变below 600°C和subsequently戳套件ordered The layers becomes random .一个星期六就在赚钱的基础上实现了通过中子样本实验，澄清氧气搅拌运作将合金和O / Zr⪅0.3 450°C以下,但踏为合金和O / Zr = 0.3至0.4 zweistufig在某种程度上,这使600°C以下Sauerstoffatomflachen Stapelfolge andert分配并指出Sauerstoffatomschichten以有序的方式将.我们为实验的结果让我们申请一份现状图。
{"title":"Order-Disorder Transformation of Oxygen Atoms Dissolved in Zirconium Studied by Neutron Diffraction(Physics)","authors":"M. Hirabayashi, S. Yamaguchi, T. Arai, H. Asano, S. Hashimoto","doi":"10.1002/PSSA.2210230138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/PSSA.2210230138","url":null,"abstract":"Neutron diffraction experiments have been made to reveal the nature of the interstitial order-disorder transformation in the ZrO system using single crystals. The disordering transition of the alloy with O/Zr ⪅ 0.3 occurs below 450 °C, while in the composition O/Zr = 0.3 to 0.4 the disordering undergoes stepwise in such a way that the stacking sequence of the oxygen-atom layers changes below 600 °C and subsequently the ordered distribution in the layers becomes random. A tentative phase diagram is proposed on the basis of the present results. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Neutronen-Beugungsversuche wurden zur Klarung des Ordnung–Unordnungs-Uberganges von Sauerstoffatomen auf Zwischengitterplatzen im ZrO-System mit Einkristallen durchgefuhrt. Die Umwandlung der Legierungen mit O/Zr ⪅ 0,3 tritt unterhalb 450 °C auf, jedoch fur Legierungen mit O/Zr = 0,3 bis 0,4 zweistufig in einer Weise, das sich die Stapelfolge der Sauerstoffatomflachen unterhalb 600 °C andert und darauf die Verteilung der Sauerstoffatomschichten ungeordnet wird. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse wird versuchsweise ein Zustandsdiagramm vorgeschlagen.","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"325 1","pages":"173-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74744989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thermal conductivity vs temperature relation in deformed germanium single crystals is measured in the temperature range from 1.5 to 30 K. The results are analysed on the basis of the Callaway model. Klemens' theory on the scattering of phonons due to the static strain field of dislocations accounts for the experimental results reasonably well. The dislocation densities deduced from the thermal conductivity data are greater than those counted by direct observation of dislocations by factors less than 3.7 and 2.1 in specimens deformed to stage I and stage II, respectively. Discrepancies between the theoretical curves and the experimental curves are found at temperatures around 20 K and below 2.2 K. The former is accounted for by assuming that point-defect like imperfections have been introduced into specimens during deformation, while the latter could be attributed to the scattering of phonons due to dangling electrons located at the dislocation core.
{"title":"Effect of Dislocations on the Low Temperature Thermal Conductivity in Germanium(Physics)","authors":"K. Sumino, Shoichi Kodaka, K. Kojima","doi":"10.1143/JPSJ.36.1075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.36.1075","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal conductivity vs temperature relation in deformed germanium single crystals is measured in the temperature range from 1.5 to 30 K. The results are analysed on the basis of the Callaway model. Klemens' theory on the scattering of phonons due to the static strain field of dislocations accounts for the experimental results reasonably well. The dislocation densities deduced from the thermal conductivity data are greater than those counted by direct observation of dislocations by factors less than 3.7 and 2.1 in specimens deformed to stage I and stage II, respectively. Discrepancies between the theoretical curves and the experimental curves are found at temperatures around 20 K and below 2.2 K. The former is accounted for by assuming that point-defect like imperfections have been introduced into specimens during deformation, while the latter could be attributed to the scattering of phonons due to dangling electrons located at the dislocation core.","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"329 1","pages":"353-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76143335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An amorphous oxide of which composition corresponds to La2O3·5Nb2O5was prepared by making use of an impact quenching technique. The phase transformation from an amorphous to an equilibrium crystalline state was studied by means of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction. From the experimental results, the crystallization process was characterized mainly by the two successive transitions, i.e., glassy phase → a new metastable phase → stable phase of La2O3·5Nb2O5.
{"title":"Crystallization of an Amorphous Oxide in La-Nb-O System","authors":"S. Yajima, K. Okamura, T. Shishido","doi":"10.1246/CL.1974.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1246/CL.1974.221","url":null,"abstract":"An amorphous oxide of which composition corresponds to La2O3·5Nb2O5was prepared by making use of an impact quenching technique. The phase transformation from an amorphous to an equilibrium crystalline state was studied by means of differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction. From the experimental results, the crystallization process was characterized mainly by the two successive transitions, i.e., glassy phase → a new metastable phase → stable phase of La2O3·5Nb2O5.","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"34 1","pages":"86-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85123827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1974-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-80840-1_10
M. Hirabayashi, S. Yamaguchi, H. Asano, K. Hiraga
{"title":"Order-Disorder Transformations of Interstitial Solutes in Transition Metals of IV and V Groups","authors":"M. Hirabayashi, S. Yamaguchi, H. Asano, K. Hiraga","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-80840-1_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80840-1_10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"37 1","pages":"266-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91006288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cr(II) has been used for reducing protactinium in microquantities to the tetravalent state and for protecting it from re-oxidation. However, the effect of Cr(II) on the extraction behavior of Pa(IV) has not been taken into account by all of the previous investigators. On the basis of the above facts, the influence of Cr(II) on the extraction of Pa(IV) was studied by using such extractants as BPHA, TTA, and TOA. In every case, the distribution ratio of Pa(IV) decreased with an increase in the concentration of Cr(II) in the aqueous phase. One of the most reliable explanations for the phenomena is the possibility that a multi-nuclear complex between Pa(IV) and Cr(II) or Cr(III) is formed. However, the effect of Cr(II) on the absorption spectra of Pa(IV) could not be found, and many more experiments will be necessary to explain the effect of Cr(II) on the extraction behavior of Pa(IV).
{"title":"The Chemistry of Protactinium : X. A Study of the Effect of Chromium(II) on the Solvent Extraction of Protactinium(IV), Using N-Benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine, Tri-n-octylamine and Thenoyltrifluoroacetone as the Extractants(Chemistry)","authors":"I. Kawasuji, Shin Suzuki","doi":"10.1246/BCSJ.47.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1246/BCSJ.47.104","url":null,"abstract":"Cr(II) has been used for reducing protactinium in microquantities to the tetravalent state and for protecting it from re-oxidation. However, the effect of Cr(II) on the extraction behavior of Pa(IV) has not been taken into account by all of the previous investigators. On the basis of the above facts, the influence of Cr(II) on the extraction of Pa(IV) was studied by using such extractants as BPHA, TTA, and TOA. In every case, the distribution ratio of Pa(IV) decreased with an increase in the concentration of Cr(II) in the aqueous phase. One of the most reliable explanations for the phenomena is the possibility that a multi-nuclear complex between Pa(IV) and Cr(II) or Cr(III) is formed. However, the effect of Cr(II) on the absorption spectra of Pa(IV) could not be found, and many more experiments will be necessary to explain the effect of Cr(II) on the extraction behavior of Pa(IV).","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"44 1","pages":"182-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75805107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some Doping Effects on the Semiconducting Properties of Gd_2CuO_4","authors":"T. Kenjo, S. Yajima","doi":"10.1002/chin.197350022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197350022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"54 1","pages":"161-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75522190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New compounds with approximate formulas, La2O2·7Al2O3, Pr2O3·7Al2O3, Nd2·8Al2O3 and Sm2O3·7Al2O3, have been obtained through melting by arc plasma flame and separated into their own single phases by a proper chemical treatment. All of the compounds have the β-Al2O3 type structure. Excepting only La2O3·7Al2O3, these compounds have the β-Al2O3, type structure at temperatures higher than 1500°C.
{"title":"Synthesis of Lanthanoid Aluminates (β-Al_2O_3 Type) Using Arc Plasma Flame","authors":"S. Yajima, K. Okamura, T. Shishido","doi":"10.1246/CL.1973.1331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1246/CL.1973.1331","url":null,"abstract":"New compounds with approximate formulas, La2O2·7Al2O3, Pr2O3·7Al2O3, Nd2·8Al2O3 and Sm2O3·7Al2O3, have been obtained through melting by arc plasma flame and separated into their own single phases by a proper chemical treatment. All of the compounds have the β-Al2O3 type structure. Excepting only La2O3·7Al2O3, these compounds have the β-Al2O3, type structure at temperatures higher than 1500°C.","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"80 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84120029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-10-01DOI: 10.1080/14786437308220991
M. Suezawa, H. Kimura
Abstract Annealing experiments on quenched-in vacancies were performed with specially prepared high-purity molybdenum wire. The recovery stage was found to be centred at about 370°C, and the activation energy for the recovery was determined to be (1.62 ± 0.27) eV. The activation energy is tentatively considered to be the activation energy for the migration of single vacancies. With the activation energy, the loss of vacancies during quenching was discussed. The loss at the surface is found to be predominant. Correction for this loss was applied to the previously reported quenched-in resistivity results, and the formation energy of a vacancy was redetermined to be (3.24 ± 0.09) eV. These results are discussed in comparison with data on tungsten.
{"title":"Quenched-in Vacancies in Molybdenum","authors":"M. Suezawa, H. Kimura","doi":"10.1080/14786437308220991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14786437308220991","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Annealing experiments on quenched-in vacancies were performed with specially prepared high-purity molybdenum wire. The recovery stage was found to be centred at about 370°C, and the activation energy for the recovery was determined to be (1.62 ± 0.27) eV. The activation energy is tentatively considered to be the activation energy for the migration of single vacancies. With the activation energy, the loss of vacancies during quenching was discussed. The loss at the surface is found to be predominant. Correction for this loss was applied to the previously reported quenched-in resistivity results, and the formation energy of a vacancy was redetermined to be (3.24 ± 0.09) eV. These results are discussed in comparison with data on tungsten.","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"52 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74014676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：