Pub Date : 1971-01-01DOI: 10.2320/MATERTRANS1960.12.422
M. Homma, K. Hukuoka
Various properties of cast iron approximately determined by carbon and silicon, that is, physical, mechanical and other properties of cast iron can be estimated by the degree of saturation or the carbon equivalent. Effects of manganese and phosphorous on properties of cast iron are auxiliary and small compared with that of carbon and silicon. The detailed or final properties of cast iron are controlled and determined by oxygen, sulfur and trace elements contained in cast iron. In other words, oxygen, sulfur and trace elements finally determine the properties and qualities of cast irons with fixed contents of carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorous. The following two facts show that this suggestion is valid. (1) In the case of cast irons having the same contents of carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorous, their qualities vary with kinds of raw iron materials and kinds of melting furnace, melting technique and refractory materials of wall and bed(1) even in the furnace of the same type. (2) Spheroidal graphite cast iron is obtained only when a cast iron has extremely small contents of oxygen, sulfur and trace elements. Many researchers have been performed on oxygen, sulfur and minute elements in spheroidal graphite cast iron. As gray cast irons are obtained in a wide composition range of oxygen, sulfur and trace elements, effects of oxygen, sulfur and trace elements on gray cast irons have not been examined strictly until now. A special quantitative relation among oxygen, sulfur and trace elements, which give the best quality to gray cast iron, must exist in cast irons with fixed contents of carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorous. The purpose of this paper is to show the relationship among the behaviours of oxygen, sulfur and trace elements on a structural diagram, and to determine the contents of oxygen and sulfur which give the best quality to gray cast iron. Effects of nitrogen and hydrogen on the graphitizing tendency of cast iron can be ignored. Nitrogen stabilizes pearlite and cementite, but does not effectively affect the graphitizing tendency. Hydrogen affects the
{"title":"Effect of Oxygen, Sulfur and Trace Elements on Cast Iron","authors":"M. Homma, K. Hukuoka","doi":"10.2320/MATERTRANS1960.12.422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/MATERTRANS1960.12.422","url":null,"abstract":"Various properties of cast iron approximately determined by carbon and silicon, that is, physical, mechanical and other properties of cast iron can be estimated by the degree of saturation or the carbon equivalent. Effects of manganese and phosphorous on properties of cast iron are auxiliary and small compared with that of carbon and silicon. The detailed or final properties of cast iron are controlled and determined by oxygen, sulfur and trace elements contained in cast iron. In other words, oxygen, sulfur and trace elements finally determine the properties and qualities of cast irons with fixed contents of carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorous. The following two facts show that this suggestion is valid. (1) In the case of cast irons having the same contents of carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorous, their qualities vary with kinds of raw iron materials and kinds of melting furnace, melting technique and refractory materials of wall and bed(1) even in the furnace of the same type. (2) Spheroidal graphite cast iron is obtained only when a cast iron has extremely small contents of oxygen, sulfur and trace elements. Many researchers have been performed on oxygen, sulfur and minute elements in spheroidal graphite cast iron. As gray cast irons are obtained in a wide composition range of oxygen, sulfur and trace elements, effects of oxygen, sulfur and trace elements on gray cast irons have not been examined strictly until now. A special quantitative relation among oxygen, sulfur and trace elements, which give the best quality to gray cast iron, must exist in cast irons with fixed contents of carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorous. The purpose of this paper is to show the relationship among the behaviours of oxygen, sulfur and trace elements on a structural diagram, and to determine the contents of oxygen and sulfur which give the best quality to gray cast iron. Effects of nitrogen and hydrogen on the graphitizing tendency of cast iron can be ignored. Nitrogen stabilizes pearlite and cementite, but does not effectively affect the graphitizing tendency. Hydrogen affects the","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"33 1","pages":"137-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87443428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on Isotope Separation of Lithium by Electromigration in Fused Lithium Bromide and Potassium Bromide Mixture, (III) : Enrichment of Lithium-6","authors":"Yamamura Yoshinobu, Suzuki Shin, O. Metals","doi":"10.3327/jnst.7.631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3327/jnst.7.631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"34 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90844427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on Isotope Separation of Lithium by Electromigration in Fused Lithium Bromide and Potassium Bromide Mixture, (II) : Composition of Salt in Anode Compartment","authors":"Yamamura Yoshinobu, Suzuki Shin, O. Metals","doi":"10.3327/jnst.7.522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3327/jnst.7.522","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"25 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83833821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1971-01-01DOI: 10.2320/jinstmet1952.33.6_705
Masumoto Tsuyoshi, Imai Yunoshin, Naka Masaaki, O. Metals
{"title":"Structural Diagrams and Solid Phase Reactions of the Quaternary 7% Cr-Fe-C-N System","authors":"Masumoto Tsuyoshi, Imai Yunoshin, Naka Masaaki, O. Metals","doi":"10.2320/jinstmet1952.33.6_705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.33.6_705","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"1 1","pages":"167-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80417376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1971-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14786437108217009
H. Yoshinaga, K. Toma, K. Abe, S. Morozumi, O. Metals
Abstract In order to examine the temperature and strain-rate dependences of the Portevin-Le Chatelier (P-L) effect, tensile tests were carried out, using vanadium containing 170 p.p.m. of carbon and 42 p.p.m. of oxygen. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The P-L effect is observed in the temperature range from about 200°C to 500°C for a strain rate of 3.3 × 10−5/sec. 2. The serrations observed after the initial Luders strain are classified into two types, relatively fine serrations (Type A) and coarser serrations (Type B) which appear intermittently and are observed clearly in the higher temperature region. 3. Type A serration is associated with a very high work-hardening rate, while the rate is smaller with Type B serration. 4. In the lower temperature region, the P-L effect is observed only when the deformation proceeds beyond some critical strain, and the serration increases in stress amplitude with strain, while, in the higher temperature region, Type A serration disappears abruptly at some crit...
{"title":"The Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect in Vanadium","authors":"H. Yoshinaga, K. Toma, K. Abe, S. Morozumi, O. Metals","doi":"10.1080/14786437108217009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14786437108217009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to examine the temperature and strain-rate dependences of the Portevin-Le Chatelier (P-L) effect, tensile tests were carried out, using vanadium containing 170 p.p.m. of carbon and 42 p.p.m. of oxygen. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The P-L effect is observed in the temperature range from about 200°C to 500°C for a strain rate of 3.3 × 10−5/sec. 2. The serrations observed after the initial Luders strain are classified into two types, relatively fine serrations (Type A) and coarser serrations (Type B) which appear intermittently and are observed clearly in the higher temperature region. 3. Type A serration is associated with a very high work-hardening rate, while the rate is smaller with Type B serration. 4. In the lower temperature region, the P-L effect is observed only when the deformation proceeds beyond some critical strain, and the serration increases in stress amplitude with strain, while, in the higher temperature region, Type A serration disappears abruptly at some crit...","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"147 1","pages":"146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1971-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75503616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has recently been shown that in spin-pair systems a new type of spin ordering occurs under magnetic fields. In the present paper, the spin ordering in general cases of the inter-pair exchange interaction and the thermodynamical properties of these systems are investigated on the basis of molecular field theory. Various types of spin ordering appear depending on the strength of the inter-pair exchange interaction and the external magnetic field. The specific heat originating from the short range order of spins in a one-dimensional lattice is also calculated for a purpose of comparison with experiments in Cu(N03)2 2. 5 HzO.
{"title":"Spin Ordering and Thermodynamical Properties in Spin-Pair Systems under Magnetic Fields","authors":"M. Tachiki, Takemi Yamada","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.46.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.46.291","url":null,"abstract":"It has recently been shown that in spin-pair systems a new type of spin ordering occurs under magnetic fields. In the present paper, the spin ordering in general cases of the inter-pair exchange interaction and the thermodynamical properties of these systems are investigated on the basis of molecular field theory. Various types of spin ordering appear depending on the strength of the inter-pair exchange interaction and the external magnetic field. The specific heat originating from the short range order of spins in a one-dimensional lattice is also calculated for a purpose of comparison with experiments in Cu(N03)2 2. 5 HzO.","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"os-6 1","pages":"193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87378725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distribution of U(III) between hydrochloric acid solutions and benzene solutions of bis(n-butyl) orthophosphoric acid or cyclohexane solutions of bis(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphoric acid has been investigated by using the uranium-237 isotope as a tracer. It has been found that the log-log plot of the distribution ratio vs. the concentration of dimeric organophosphoric acids, and that of the distribution ratio vs. the hydrogen ion concentration, always show a good linearity, with a slope of 3. This indicates that the complex-forming reaction is as follows:U^3++3(HA)_2ightleftarrowsU(HA_2)_3+3H^+where (HA)2 represents the dimeric solvent, (HDBP)2 or (HDEHP)2. The above results are in agreement with the conclusions reached in the cases of other trivalent actinide and lanthanide elements by other investigators.
{"title":"Studies of the Behavior of Trivalent Uranium in an Aqueous Solution. III : Extraction from a Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Bis(n-butyl) Orthophosphoric Acid and by Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) Orthophosphoric Acid","authors":"A. Satô, Shin Suzuki","doi":"10.1246/BCSJ.43.1380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1246/BCSJ.43.1380","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of U(III) between hydrochloric acid solutions and benzene solutions of bis(n-butyl) orthophosphoric acid or cyclohexane solutions of bis(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphoric acid has been investigated by using the uranium-237 isotope as a tracer. It has been found that the log-log plot of the distribution ratio vs. the concentration of dimeric organophosphoric acids, and that of the distribution ratio vs. the hydrogen ion concentration, always show a good linearity, with a slope of 3. This indicates that the complex-forming reaction is as follows:U^3++3(HA)_2ightleftarrowsU(HA_2)_3+3H^+where (HA)2 represents the dimeric solvent, (HDBP)2 or (HDEHP)2. The above results are in agreement with the conclusions reached in the cases of other trivalent actinide and lanthanide elements by other investigators.","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"75 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76090236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The method for preparing Am(V) in various solutions was investigated by utilizing the difference in extractability between Am(V) and Am(III) in an TTA-isobutanol extraction system; Am(III) was quantitatively extracted with 0.1M TTA in isobutanol from a 1M acetate buffer solution at a pH greater than 3, while the percentage of Am(V) extracted into the organic phase was increased substantially with an increase in the pH from 3 to 5. When the organic phase containing Am(V) was shaken with an aqueous phase having a proper pH value and composition, Am(V) was selectively stripped into the aqueous phase. The stability of the valency state of Am(V) in the perchlorate, the acetate, and the sulfate solutions was then studied by examining the variation in the percentage of americium extracted as a function of the standing time. The rate of change in the valency state in the acetate and the perchlorate media is very slow, while it is rather rapid in the sulfate medium. This difference may be attributable to the faste...
{"title":"The Chemistry of Americium. I : A Study of the Preparation of Am(V) and Its Behavior by Means of TTA Extraction","authors":"M. Hara","doi":"10.1246/BCSJ.43.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1246/BCSJ.43.89","url":null,"abstract":"The method for preparing Am(V) in various solutions was investigated by utilizing the difference in extractability between Am(V) and Am(III) in an TTA-isobutanol extraction system; Am(III) was quantitatively extracted with 0.1M TTA in isobutanol from a 1M acetate buffer solution at a pH greater than 3, while the percentage of Am(V) extracted into the organic phase was increased substantially with an increase in the pH from 3 to 5. When the organic phase containing Am(V) was shaken with an aqueous phase having a proper pH value and composition, Am(V) was selectively stripped into the aqueous phase. The stability of the valency state of Am(V) in the perchlorate, the acetate, and the sulfate solutions was then studied by examining the variation in the percentage of americium extracted as a function of the standing time. The rate of change in the valency state in the acetate and the perchlorate media is very slow, while it is rather rapid in the sulfate medium. This difference may be attributable to the faste...","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"69 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83599307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"X-ray Investigation of Low-Cycle Fatigue in Martensitic Steels","authors":"Y. Imai, S. Kumagai","doi":"10.2472/JSMS.19.1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2472/JSMS.19.1121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"8 1","pages":"68-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89002906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1970-01-01DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET1952.34.3_291
M. Izumiyama, M. Tsuchiya, Y. Imai
{"title":"Effects of Alloying Element on Supercooled A_3 Transformation of Iron","authors":"M. Izumiyama, M. Tsuchiya, Y. Imai","doi":"10.2320/JINSTMET1952.34.3_291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2320/JINSTMET1952.34.3_291","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21586,"journal":{"name":"Science reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University. Ser. A, Physics, chemistry and metallurgy","volume":"13 1","pages":"105-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78084859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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