لقد أصبح تكوين الاقتناع الشخصي للقاضي الجزائي الذي يبنى عليه الحكم القضائي مرتبطًا ارتباطًا وثيقًا بما تفرزه نتائج الأدلة العلمية الحديثة، ومن أهمها البصمة الوراثية، التي تم الاستفادة منها في كثير من مجالات الحياة، وبخاصة في ميدان الإثبات الجنائي. تتناول هذه الورقة موضوع البصمة الوراثية من حيث مدى اعتبارها دليلًا علميًّا مُشكِّلًا لقناعة القاضي الجزائي في بناء أحكامه، وكيف عالج المشرّع الجزائري هذه المسألة، وذلك من خلال بيان مفهوم البصمة الوراثية وأهميتها ومميزاتها، ودراسة القيمة الإثباتية والقوة الإقناعية للبصمة الوراثية أمام القاضي الجزائي ومدى مشروعيتها في التشريع الجزائري الذي تناولها في قانون العقوبات وقانون الإجراءات الجزائية، والقانون رقم 16-03 المؤرخ في 19 يونيو 2016، المتعلق باستعمال البصمة الوراثية في الإجراءات القضائية والتعرف على الأشخاص، والذي يتطلب مزيدًا من التفصيل الدقيق في شرحه وتوضيحه بالشكل الكافي. ولقد تبيّن أن البصمة الوراثية تتفوّق على كثير من الأدلة العلمية بالنظر إلى ميزاتها. وبالرغم من كون أخذ عينات الحمض النووي يعتبر مساسًا بالحقوق والحريات الشخصية، فقد دعت أغلب التشريعات إلى الأخذ بها على غرار المشرّع الجزائري الذي لم ينص صراحةً على هذه التقنية إلا أخيرًا من خلال القانون 16-03.كما أنه لا يجب اعتمادها كدليل وحيد قاطع على ارتكاب الجريمة، نظرًا لخضوعها لمؤثرات المحيط والمؤثرات البشرية، فضلًا عن أن التشريع الجزائري لم يستثنِ تقنية البصمة الوراثية كدليل علمي بميّزة خاصة عن باقي الأدلة، وتركت أمر تقديره لمدى اقتناع القاضي الجزائي بذلك مع مراعاة الأدلة الأخرى وظروف وملابسات الجريمة.
{"title":"دور البصمة الوراثية في تشكيل قناعة القاضي الجزائي في التشريع الجزائري","authors":"Mohammed Zenati, A. Benini","doi":"10.26735/etlx8554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/etlx8554","url":null,"abstract":"لقد أصبح تكوين الاقتناع الشخصي للقاضي الجزائي الذي يبنى عليه الحكم القضائي مرتبطًا ارتباطًا وثيقًا بما تفرزه نتائج الأدلة العلمية الحديثة، ومن أهمها البصمة الوراثية، التي تم الاستفادة منها في كثير من مجالات الحياة، وبخاصة في ميدان الإثبات الجنائي.\u0000\u0000تتناول هذه الورقة موضوع البصمة الوراثية من حيث مدى اعتبارها دليلًا علميًّا مُشكِّلًا لقناعة القاضي الجزائي في بناء أحكامه، وكيف عالج المشرّع الجزائري هذه المسألة، وذلك من خلال بيان مفهوم البصمة الوراثية وأهميتها ومميزاتها، ودراسة القيمة الإثباتية والقوة الإقناعية للبصمة الوراثية أمام القاضي الجزائي ومدى مشروعيتها في التشريع الجزائري الذي تناولها في قانون العقوبات وقانون الإجراءات الجزائية، والقانون رقم 16-03 المؤرخ في 19 يونيو 2016، المتعلق باستعمال البصمة الوراثية في الإجراءات القضائية والتعرف على الأشخاص، والذي يتطلب مزيدًا من التفصيل الدقيق في شرحه وتوضيحه بالشكل الكافي.\u0000\u0000ولقد تبيّن أن البصمة الوراثية تتفوّق على كثير من الأدلة العلمية بالنظر إلى ميزاتها. وبالرغم من كون أخذ عينات الحمض النووي يعتبر مساسًا بالحقوق والحريات الشخصية، فقد دعت أغلب التشريعات إلى الأخذ بها على غرار المشرّع الجزائري الذي لم ينص صراحةً على هذه التقنية إلا أخيرًا من خلال القانون 16-03.كما أنه لا يجب اعتمادها كدليل وحيد قاطع على ارتكاب الجريمة، نظرًا لخضوعها لمؤثرات المحيط والمؤثرات البشرية، فضلًا عن أن التشريع الجزائري لم يستثنِ تقنية البصمة الوراثية كدليل علمي بميّزة خاصة عن باقي الأدلة، وتركت أمر تقديره لمدى اقتناع القاضي الجزائي بذلك مع مراعاة الأدلة الأخرى وظروف وملابسات الجريمة.","PeriodicalId":21587,"journal":{"name":"Shakespeare and the 99%","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74125193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
تناولت هذه الدراسة أهم الوسائل العلمية الحديثة، ودورها في عملية استخلاص الأدلة الجنائية والإثبات الجنائي؛ حيث إن إثبات الواقعة الإجرامية هو المحور الذي تدور عليه عملية البحث عن مرتكب الجريمة من لحظة وقوعها، والوقت اللازم للقبض عليه، أو إثبات الجريمة، وحتى فرض العقوبة على الجاني. وناقشت دور هذه الوسائل في زيادة وصول المجتمع إلى الطمأنينة والشعور بالأمن وتحقيق العدالة. وركزت على أهمية استخدام دوائر العدالة أي تكنولوجيا جديدة تسهم في هذه العملية. وقد استعرضت الدراسة كلًا من نظام الإثبات الجنائي والمفاهيم المتعلقة حوله وسبل تطويره، وكذلك دور الأدلة العلمية والتقنيات الحديثة في الإثبات الجنائي. وقد اتضح أنه مع تطور الجرائم وأنواع الجريمة فإنه من الضروري تطوير علوم الأدلة الجنائية لاكتشاف وقائع القضايا المختلفة، وأن استخدام الوسائل العلمية يتنازعه أمران، أولهما: مدى مساسها بالحقوق والحريات الأساسية للمتهم، وثانيهما: قطعية النتائج التي تمس تلك الحقوق والحريات، ولا يُضحّى بتلك الحقوق والحريات الأساسية، إلا بقدر ما تكون نتائج تلك الوسائل قطعية وحاسمة في الإثبات. وأن الدليل الناتج عن استخدام الطرق العلمية الحديثة مثله مثل بقية الأدلة الأخرى يخضع لمبدأ الاقتناع الشخصي للقاضي مهما كانت قيمته العلمية؛ إذ يجب أن يكون مبنيًا على أدلة قانونية مشروعة. وعليه توصي الدراسة باستخدام الوسائل التي يتم بواسطتها الحصول على الأدلة المادية في مجال البحث الجنائي؛ نظرًا لما تتمتع به نتائجها من درجة قطعية من الناحية العلمية، وترجيح كفة استخدام تلك الوسائل في حال شكل ذلك اعتداءً على الحقوق والحريات الأساسية للإنسان للكشف عن الحقيقة وخدمة العدالة ما لم يكن الهدف من استخدامها انتزاع الدليل من المتهم أو تعريضه إلى ضغوطات جسدية أو نفسية.
{"title":"نظرة عامة في الإثبات الجنائي وتقنياته الحديثة","authors":"M. Amer","doi":"10.26735/feqt1387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/feqt1387","url":null,"abstract":"تناولت هذه الدراسة أهم الوسائل العلمية الحديثة، ودورها في عملية استخلاص الأدلة الجنائية والإثبات الجنائي؛ حيث إن إثبات الواقعة الإجرامية هو المحور الذي تدور عليه عملية البحث عن مرتكب الجريمة من لحظة وقوعها، والوقت اللازم للقبض عليه، أو إثبات الجريمة، وحتى فرض العقوبة على الجاني. وناقشت دور هذه الوسائل في زيادة وصول المجتمع إلى الطمأنينة والشعور بالأمن وتحقيق العدالة. وركزت على أهمية استخدام دوائر العدالة أي تكنولوجيا جديدة تسهم في هذه العملية. وقد استعرضت الدراسة كلًا من نظام الإثبات الجنائي والمفاهيم المتعلقة حوله وسبل تطويره، وكذلك دور الأدلة العلمية والتقنيات الحديثة في الإثبات الجنائي. وقد اتضح أنه مع تطور الجرائم وأنواع الجريمة فإنه من الضروري تطوير علوم الأدلة الجنائية لاكتشاف وقائع القضايا المختلفة، وأن استخدام الوسائل العلمية يتنازعه أمران، أولهما: مدى مساسها بالحقوق والحريات الأساسية للمتهم، وثانيهما: قطعية النتائج التي تمس تلك الحقوق والحريات، ولا يُضحّى بتلك الحقوق والحريات الأساسية، إلا بقدر ما تكون نتائج تلك الوسائل قطعية وحاسمة في الإثبات. وأن الدليل الناتج عن استخدام الطرق العلمية الحديثة مثله مثل بقية الأدلة الأخرى يخضع لمبدأ الاقتناع الشخصي للقاضي مهما كانت قيمته العلمية؛ إذ يجب أن يكون مبنيًا على أدلة قانونية مشروعة. وعليه توصي الدراسة باستخدام الوسائل التي يتم بواسطتها الحصول على الأدلة المادية في مجال البحث الجنائي؛ نظرًا لما تتمتع به نتائجها من درجة قطعية من الناحية العلمية، وترجيح كفة استخدام تلك الوسائل في حال شكل ذلك اعتداءً على الحقوق والحريات الأساسية للإنسان للكشف عن الحقيقة وخدمة العدالة ما لم يكن الهدف من استخدامها انتزاع الدليل من المتهم أو تعريضه إلى ضغوطات جسدية أو نفسية.","PeriodicalId":21587,"journal":{"name":"Shakespeare and the 99%","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72794996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1,2-Indanedione (IND) is a chemical method for the detection of latent fingermarks on dry, porous surfaces such as paper, cardboard etc. It is an amino acid sensitive fluorescent reagent for developing latent fingermarks. The method is based on interaction of IND with amino acid fraction of latent fingermarks. The method develops clear, stable, pink (also known as Joullie pink) colored fingerprints which are fluorescent in nature. It is an efficient and non-destructive procedure for developing latent fingermarks on wide range of surfaces of forensic importance. Standardized testing of IND formulation is suggested to improve the eficiency of this reagent to develop latent fingermarks on wide range of surfaces of forensic importance.
{"title":"1,2-Indanedione (IND) Reagent for Detection of Latent Fingermarks: A Review","authors":"Sachil Kumar, D. Bhagat, G. S. Bumbrah","doi":"10.26735/nryd9355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/nryd9355","url":null,"abstract":"1,2-Indanedione (IND) is a chemical method for the detection of latent fingermarks on dry, porous surfaces such as paper, cardboard etc. It is an amino acid sensitive fluorescent reagent for developing latent fingermarks. The method is based on interaction of IND with amino acid fraction of latent fingermarks. The method develops clear, stable, pink (also known as Joullie pink) colored fingerprints which are fluorescent in nature. It is an efficient and non-destructive procedure for developing latent fingermarks on wide range of surfaces of forensic importance. Standardized testing of IND formulation is suggested to improve the eficiency of this reagent to develop latent fingermarks on wide range of surfaces of forensic importance.","PeriodicalId":21587,"journal":{"name":"Shakespeare and the 99%","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77316153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajjad Ahmad, Sadaqat Ali, Nasir Siddique, Qazi Laeeque Ahmad, M. Amjad, M. Tahir
Background: The relationship testing through DNA profiling may undesirably be affected by the rare allele variants, tri-allelic pattern and null alleles. Therefore, it is vital to report such anomalies. We report a paternity testing in a sexual assault case studied at Punjab Forensic Science Agency, Lahore Pakistan showing a unique allele variant in mother and child. Methods: DNA was extracted from the buccal swabs of reference samples using organic extraction method and DNA profiling was done for 15 autosomal STRs and amelogenin using Identifiler Plus kit. Results: A novel out of marker range (OMR) allele variant between STR Loci D16S539 and D2S1338 was observed in the DNA profiles of victim (mother) as well as the child. At STR locus D2S1338 Twenty one different allele variant are listed at STRBase ranging from 11 to 28. The allele variant observed in this case study was appeared at less than marker range (< D2S1338) with a size of 297.50 bp. The novel variant OMR allele at D2S1338 was labeled as allele 13, when compared to the other allele in allelic ladder. Moreover, the PFSA DNA database was searched for this unique allelic variation and it was found that this was present in only two other samples of distinct cases. Conclusion: The overall frequency of this unique allele variant was 3 in 10,125 unrelated individuals with frequency of occurrence of 0.0296. According to our limited knowledge it is the first report of a novel OMR allele variant at D2S1338 in Pakistani Population.
{"title":"A Unique Allele Variant at STR Locus D2S1338 in a Paternity Testing Case","authors":"Sajjad Ahmad, Sadaqat Ali, Nasir Siddique, Qazi Laeeque Ahmad, M. Amjad, M. Tahir","doi":"10.26735/abhs9965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/abhs9965","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The relationship testing through DNA profiling may undesirably be affected by the rare allele variants, tri-allelic pattern and null alleles. Therefore, it is vital to report such anomalies. We report a paternity testing in a sexual assault case studied at Punjab Forensic Science Agency, Lahore Pakistan showing a unique allele variant in mother and child.\u0000\u0000Methods: DNA was extracted from the buccal swabs of reference samples using organic extraction method and DNA profiling was done for 15 autosomal STRs and amelogenin using Identifiler Plus kit.\u0000\u0000Results: A novel out of marker range (OMR) allele variant between STR Loci D16S539 and D2S1338 was observed in the DNA profiles of victim (mother) as well as the child. At STR locus D2S1338 Twenty one different allele variant are listed at STRBase ranging from 11 to 28. The allele variant observed in this case study was appeared at less than marker range (< D2S1338) with a size of 297.50 bp. The novel variant OMR allele at D2S1338 was labeled as allele 13, when compared to the other allele in allelic ladder.\u0000\u0000Moreover, the PFSA DNA database was searched for this unique allelic variation and it was found that this was present in only two other samples of distinct cases.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The overall frequency of this unique allele variant was 3 in 10,125 unrelated individuals with frequency of occurrence of 0.0296. According to our limited knowledge it is the first report of a novel OMR allele variant at D2S1338 in Pakistani Population.","PeriodicalId":21587,"journal":{"name":"Shakespeare and the 99%","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76476300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
أفرز التطور الهائل في تكنولوجيا التصنيع من ناحية، وبرامج الذكاء الاصطناعي من ناحية أخرى، كائناً جديداً لم تتحدد أُطره القانونية بعد، وهو الإنسآلة-Robot ، ذلك الكائن الذي جمع بين الحُسنيين، ذكاء الإنسان، وقدرة الآلة. ولم تتّضح معالم هذا القادم الجديد فيما يتعلق بتموضعه في القانون الجنائي، حتى بعد إقرار البرلمان الأوروبي القواعد الأوروبية التوجيهية للإنسآلة لعام 2017 في القانون المدني. إلا أن الأخيرة قد ألمحت أن شخصاً قانونياً جديداً بات يلوح في الأفق، الأمر الذي قد يترتب عليه مسؤوليته القانونية، وغني عن البيان أن القانون المدني ليس ببعيد عن نظيره الجنائي، حيث أن المسؤولية التقصيرية هي في ذاتها مسؤولية جنائية، إذا كان النص القانوني المُخالف ذو طبيعة جنائية. والبحث في مدى توافر الشخصية القانونية للإنسآلة هو ركن ركين لإمكانية مُساءلته جنائياً. وتُحاول الورقة البحثية عرض الآراء الفقهية وتأصيلها حول مدى جواز مُساءلة الإنسآلة جنائياً، سواء الفقه المُعارض، أو الفقه المؤيد الذي يرنو نحو إثباتها، بالتزامن مع الوجود الفعلي لتلك الكيانات في مجالات عدّة، وغياب تنظيمها التشريعي الوطني أو المقارن.
{"title":"المسؤولية الجنائية لإلنسآلة: دراسة تأصيلية مقارنة","authors":"محمود عصام الدین عبد المنعم","doi":"10.26735/ecmw8027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/ecmw8027","url":null,"abstract":"أفرز التطور الهائل في تكنولوجيا التصنيع من ناحية، وبرامج الذكاء الاصطناعي من ناحية أخرى، كائناً جديداً لم تتحدد أُطره القانونية بعد، وهو الإنسآلة-Robot ، ذلك الكائن الذي جمع بين الحُسنيين، ذكاء الإنسان، وقدرة الآلة. ولم تتّضح معالم هذا القادم الجديد فيما يتعلق بتموضعه في القانون الجنائي، حتى بعد إقرار البرلمان الأوروبي القواعد الأوروبية التوجيهية للإنسآلة لعام 2017 في القانون المدني. إلا أن الأخيرة قد ألمحت أن شخصاً قانونياً جديداً بات يلوح في الأفق، الأمر الذي قد يترتب عليه مسؤوليته القانونية، وغني عن البيان أن القانون المدني ليس ببعيد عن نظيره الجنائي، حيث أن المسؤولية التقصيرية هي في ذاتها مسؤولية جنائية، إذا كان النص القانوني المُخالف ذو طبيعة جنائية. والبحث في مدى توافر الشخصية القانونية للإنسآلة هو ركن ركين لإمكانية مُساءلته جنائياً.\u0000\u0000وتُحاول الورقة البحثية عرض الآراء الفقهية وتأصيلها حول مدى جواز مُساءلة الإنسآلة جنائياً، سواء الفقه المُعارض، أو الفقه المؤيد الذي يرنو نحو إثباتها، بالتزامن مع الوجود الفعلي لتلك الكيانات في مجالات عدّة، وغياب تنظيمها التشريعي الوطني أو المقارن.","PeriodicalId":21587,"journal":{"name":"Shakespeare and the 99%","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88339553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thriving terror activity is a menace to our society. To mitigate this, there is a dire need of upgraded and innovative analytical techniques for forensic analysis of explosives. The complexity in the matrix, restrictions in the sample quantity and ambiguity in the data interpretation are the different challenges that a forensic scientist face. The solution to these problems lies in upgradation of extraction technique, screening technique & confirmatory techniques. In this paper, the identification and forensic analysis of post blast residues recovered from controlled blast site has been presented. The targeted sample was extracted from soil by using Accelerated Solvent Extraction technique. The target compound was primarily identified to be PETN (PentaErythritol TetraNitrate) by color test and TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). The confirmatory test for the target analyte was done by using a hyphenated technique LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer with tandem Mass). This manuscript demonstrates the viability of LC-MS/MS in Forensic Science for a fast, accurate and quality-assured analysis of post-blast residue.
{"title":"Qualitative Analysis of Post-blast Residue using the Double Hyphenated UHPLC-(HESI)-MS/MS Technique","authors":"Nilimamayee Samal, Abhinandan Patra, J. Shiney","doi":"10.26735/zuay6063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/zuay6063","url":null,"abstract":"The thriving terror activity is a menace to our society. To mitigate this, there is a dire need of upgraded and innovative analytical techniques for forensic analysis of explosives. The complexity in the matrix, restrictions in the sample quantity and ambiguity in the data interpretation are the different challenges that a forensic scientist face. The solution to these problems lies in upgradation of extraction technique, screening technique & confirmatory techniques. In this paper, the identification and forensic analysis of post blast residues recovered from controlled blast site has been presented. The targeted sample was extracted from soil by using Accelerated Solvent Extraction technique. The target compound was primarily identified to be PETN (PentaErythritol TetraNitrate) by color test and TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). The confirmatory test for the target analyte was done by using a hyphenated technique LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer with tandem Mass). This manuscript demonstrates the viability of LC-MS/MS in Forensic Science for a fast, accurate and quality-assured analysis of post-blast residue.","PeriodicalId":21587,"journal":{"name":"Shakespeare and the 99%","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86412306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For many years, the foraging and consumption of wild mushrooms has been practised in different parts of the world. Despite having various health benefits, few mushroom species are known for causing toxicity as well. In forensic casework conditions, samples from mushroom poisoning cases can be found in dried or powdered form. So, it becomes necessary to characterize mushroom species for identification purposes. In the present study, volatile fractions of five wild toxic and edible Amanita mushroom species (Amanita muscaria, Amanita pantherina, Amanita caesarea, Amanita subglobosa and Amanita porphyria) were analyzed so as to identify compounds for the characterization of selected mushroom species. The obtained volatile fractions were broadly classified into various chemical classes: alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, nitrogen-containing compounds, ketones and miscellaneous. The following compounds; octadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid (z)-, ethane, 1-chloro-1-fluoro- were the most abundant. The present approach utilizing GC-MS, intends to obtain a fingerprint of each sample for discrimination purposes. Also, this work is the first study on the forensic analysis of methanol-soluble components of Amanita mushroom species from the North-Western Himalaya, India.
{"title":"Forensic Analysis of Wild Toxic and Edible Amanita Mushrooms by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Rajinder Singh, Spriha Sharma","doi":"10.26735/mibz2886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/mibz2886","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, the foraging and consumption of wild mushrooms has been practised in different parts of the world. Despite having various health benefits, few mushroom species are known for causing toxicity as well. In forensic casework conditions, samples from mushroom poisoning cases can be found in dried or powdered form. So, it becomes necessary to characterize mushroom species for identification purposes.\u0000\u0000In the present study, volatile fractions of five wild toxic and edible Amanita mushroom species (Amanita muscaria, Amanita pantherina, Amanita caesarea, Amanita subglobosa and Amanita porphyria) were analyzed so as to identify compounds for the characterization of selected mushroom species.\u0000\u0000The obtained volatile fractions were broadly classified into various chemical classes: alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, nitrogen-containing compounds, ketones and miscellaneous. The following compounds; octadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid (z)-, ethane, 1-chloro-1-fluoro- were the most abundant.\u0000\u0000The present approach utilizing GC-MS, intends to obtain a fingerprint of each sample for discrimination purposes. Also, this work is the first study on the forensic analysis of methanol-soluble components of Amanita mushroom species from the North-Western Himalaya, India.","PeriodicalId":21587,"journal":{"name":"Shakespeare and the 99%","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84110827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this review was to show the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on forensic sciences, as reflected in the publications, which appeared in 2020. The review covered following topics: Response of legal medical experts on the increased daily workload in forensic practice and enhanced risk issues arising in forensic practice, particularly regarding autopsy, drugs used in Covid-19 therapy and their toxicological significance, and influence of Covid-19 pandemic on the profile and extent of substance abuse.
{"title":"Response of forensic scientific community to Covid-19 pandemic: A Review Article","authors":"M. Bogusz","doi":"10.26735/PADJ1368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/PADJ1368","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this review was to show the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on forensic sciences, as reflected in the publications, which appeared in 2020. The review covered following topics: Response of legal medical experts on the increased daily workload in forensic practice and enhanced risk issues arising in forensic practice, particularly regarding autopsy, drugs used in Covid-19 therapy and their toxicological significance, and influence of Covid-19 pandemic on the profile and extent of substance abuse.","PeriodicalId":21587,"journal":{"name":"Shakespeare and the 99%","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79999257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. S. Borges, T. Dionísio, Carlos Ferreira Santos, R. Silva
Objective: Evaluate the applicability of using the method of quantifying the RNA degradation extracted from dental pulps to estimate the post mortem interval, by simulating drowning conditions with teeth submerged in fresh water and exposed to different time intervals. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 80 human teeth (third molars), which were divided into eight groups and submitted to the aquatic environment, for pre-established periods of three days, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. After the stipulated time and the recovery of the teeth, the removal of the dental pulp, extraction of the RNA molecule and analysis of the degradation of the molecule were carried out. Results: After the analysis, the highest number of RNA molecule (RIN) found was 6,50 and the results showed very degraded molecules, highlighting the fact that the samples were submitted to the environment, simulating real day-to-day conditions, which may have been a primary factor to justify the results found in this work. Conclusion: RNA degradation quantification method is not applicable, since it was not possible to establish a connection between the degradation of the RNA molecule and the estimation of the post mortem interval.
{"title":"Post-mortem Interval and Its Connection with the RNA Degradation from the Dental Pulp in Submerged Teeth","authors":"B. S. Borges, T. Dionísio, Carlos Ferreira Santos, R. Silva","doi":"10.26735/qnrl3323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/qnrl3323","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Evaluate the applicability of using the method of quantifying the RNA degradation extracted from dental pulps to estimate the post mortem interval, by simulating drowning conditions with teeth submerged in fresh water and exposed to different time intervals. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 80 human teeth (third molars), which were divided into eight groups and submitted to the aquatic environment, for pre-established periods of three days, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks. After the stipulated time and the recovery of the teeth, the removal of the dental pulp, extraction of the RNA molecule and analysis of the degradation of the molecule were carried out. Results: After the analysis, the highest number of RNA molecule (RIN) found was 6,50 and the results showed very degraded molecules, highlighting the fact that the samples were submitted to the environment, simulating real day-to-day conditions, which may have been a primary factor to justify the results found in this work. Conclusion: RNA degradation quantification method is not applicable, since it was not possible to establish a connection between the degradation of the RNA molecule and the estimation of the post mortem interval.","PeriodicalId":21587,"journal":{"name":"Shakespeare and the 99%","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76927684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Palatal rugoscopy is the use of palatal rugae for identification of unknown persons. The majority of the population in Egypt consists of Egyptian people. However, some Malaysian people live in Alexandria city of Egypt for the purpose of education. So in case of mass disaster, there is a critical need for a reliable and easy method to differentiate between Malaysians and Egyptians. Aim: Study palatal rugae patterns in two diverse populations; Egyptians and Malaysians and its relation to sex and population difference. Subjects: Eighty students of Alexandria Faculty of Dentistry; forty Egyptians (20 females and 20 males) and forty Malaysians (20 males and 20 females). The age ranged 18-30 years. Results: Significant difference was noted between Malaysian males and females according to total number of rugae on both sides. Malaysians had significantly higher total rugae number on both sides than Egyptians. Curved shape was the predominant shape in the total sample. Significant difference was detected between Egyptians and Malaysians according to the predominant palatal rugae direction on both left and right sides. Egyptian females had significantly higher percentage of absent unification than Egyptian males. Linear regression models for sex and ethnicity identification were built up.
{"title":"Study of Palatal Rugae Patterns and their Use in Sex and Ethnicity Identification in a Sample of Adult Egyptians and Malaysians","authors":"Heba Hussein, N. Rady","doi":"10.26735/thcv2791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/thcv2791","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Palatal rugoscopy is the use of palatal rugae for identification of unknown persons. The majority of the population in Egypt consists of Egyptian people. However, some Malaysian people live in Alexandria city of Egypt for the purpose of education. So in case of mass disaster, there is a critical need for a reliable and easy method to differentiate between Malaysians and Egyptians. Aim: Study palatal rugae patterns in two diverse populations; Egyptians and Malaysians and its relation to sex and population difference. Subjects: Eighty students of Alexandria Faculty of Dentistry; forty Egyptians (20 females and 20 males) and forty Malaysians (20 males and 20 females). The age ranged 18-30 years. Results: Significant difference was noted between Malaysian males and females according to total number of rugae on both sides. Malaysians had significantly higher total rugae number on both sides than Egyptians. Curved shape was the predominant shape in the total sample. Significant difference was detected between Egyptians and Malaysians according to the predominant palatal rugae direction on both left and right sides. Egyptian females had significantly higher percentage of absent unification than Egyptian males. Linear regression models for sex and ethnicity identification were built up.","PeriodicalId":21587,"journal":{"name":"Shakespeare and the 99%","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89656460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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