K. B. Pal, K. Bishwakarma, T. B. Chalaune, Durga Upadhaya, T. R. Joshi, L. Thapa, M. L. Sharma, S. Joshi, R. Pant
Freshwater contamination remains a challenging issue for the sustainable management of wetland ecosystems. This study aims to evaluate the water quality of Jhilmila Lake, Kanchanpur, Nepal by adopting standard test procedures, geochemical indices, and multivariate statistical analysis. The surface water samples were collected during the postmonsoon season in 2018 to assess the hydrochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium (NH4), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), bicarbonate (HCO3) and total hardness (TH). The EC ranged from 162-190 μS/cm while TDS was 87-101 mg/L. The concentration of DO in the lake was in the range of 4.77-6.21 mg/L, indicated mild organic pollution. Moreover, the results revealed the moderate alkaline nature of water with the pattern of average ionic dominance of Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+ >K>NH4 for cations, and HCO3> Cl˗ > SO4 > NO3 > PO4 for anions. The principal component analysis demonstrated four major components indicating the association of EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3; Na+, PO4 and SO4; NO3 and K+; and Clfor PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4, respectively exhibiting both the geogenic and anthropic origin. Overall, the Jhilmila Lake was less polluted, and all the measured water quality parameters were found within permissible limits in terms of drinking purposes. The findings of this study could help for the sustainable management of the lake by providing better insights into the water quality and hydrochemistry of the lake.
{"title":"Hydrochemical Assessment Of Jhilmila Lake, Kanchanpur, Nepal","authors":"K. B. Pal, K. Bishwakarma, T. B. Chalaune, Durga Upadhaya, T. R. Joshi, L. Thapa, M. L. Sharma, S. Joshi, R. Pant","doi":"10.3126/SW.V14I14.35023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V14I14.35023","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater contamination remains a challenging issue for the sustainable management of wetland ecosystems. This study aims to evaluate the water quality of Jhilmila Lake, Kanchanpur, Nepal by adopting standard test procedures, geochemical indices, and multivariate statistical analysis. The surface water samples were collected during the postmonsoon season in 2018 to assess the hydrochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium (NH4), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), bicarbonate (HCO3) and total hardness (TH). The EC ranged from 162-190 μS/cm while TDS was 87-101 mg/L. The concentration of DO in the lake was in the range of 4.77-6.21 mg/L, indicated mild organic pollution. Moreover, the results revealed the moderate alkaline nature of water with the pattern of average ionic dominance of Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+ >K>NH4 for cations, and HCO3> Cl˗ > SO4 > NO3 > PO4 for anions. The principal component analysis demonstrated four major components indicating the association of EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3; Na+, PO4 and SO4; NO3 and K+; and Clfor PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4, respectively exhibiting both the geogenic and anthropic origin. Overall, the Jhilmila Lake was less polluted, and all the measured water quality parameters were found within permissible limits in terms of drinking purposes. The findings of this study could help for the sustainable management of the lake by providing better insights into the water quality and hydrochemistry of the lake.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"2 1","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82169710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drymaria diandra is used in Nepalese traditional medicine to treat various ailments. The hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts of D. diandra were prepared and screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals. Methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts showed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids and carbohydrates so their total contents were estimated. The highest amount of phenolics and flavonoids were found in methanol extract (190.58±2.21 mg GAE/g extract and 69.25±7.91 mg CE/g extract respectively). The highest amount of sugar was found in 50% methanol extract (185.60±2.53 mg GE/g extract). Similarly, the extracts were tested for the antibacterial activity against one gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and one gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. All the tested extracts showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the inhibition zone ranging from 10 -22 mm. The free radical scavenging activity was determined using DPPH free radical. Both methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 13.61and 16.94 μg/ml respectively). The GC-MS analysis of hexane extract revealed the presence of more than 22 compounds. However, 9 compounds were identified by comparing the mass fragmentation pattern of each compound with the standard NIST mass spectral database.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activities and GC-MS Profiling Of Drymaria Diandra Blume","authors":"S. Kafle, R. Basnyat, M. Rajbhandari","doi":"10.3126/SW.V14I14.35000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V14I14.35000","url":null,"abstract":"Drymaria diandra is used in Nepalese traditional medicine to treat various ailments. The hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts of D. diandra were prepared and screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals. Methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts showed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids and carbohydrates so their total contents were estimated. The highest amount of phenolics and flavonoids were found in methanol extract (190.58±2.21 mg GAE/g extract and 69.25±7.91 mg CE/g extract respectively). The highest amount of sugar was found in 50% methanol extract (185.60±2.53 mg GE/g extract). Similarly, the extracts were tested for the antibacterial activity against one gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and one gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. All the tested extracts showed good antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the inhibition zone ranging from 10 -22 mm. The free radical scavenging activity was determined using DPPH free radical. Both methanol and 50% aqueous methanol extracts showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 13.61and 16.94 μg/ml respectively). The GC-MS analysis of hexane extract revealed the presence of more than 22 compounds. However, 9 compounds were identified by comparing the mass fragmentation pattern of each compound with the standard NIST mass spectral database.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"41 1","pages":"90-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83457317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kranti Kumal, D. Pant, B. Aryal, G. Tripathi, G. Joshi
Mistletoes are being used for food or beverage and for variety of medicinal purposes. In Nepal, mistletoes are traditionally used as fodder and as remedy to cure various ailments. In this study, methnolic extracts of seven common mistletoe species (Helixanthera ligustrina, Macrosolen cochinchinensis, Scurrula elata, S. parasitica, Viscum album, V. articulatum and V. liquidambaricola) were analyzed for their phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential. The total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenol content (TPC) were quantitatively determined by aluminum chloride colorimetric and folin-cioalteau reagent methods, respectively. The TFC was found highest for V. album (31.5 ± 2.3 mg QE/g) and lowest for M. cochinchinensis (24.9 ± 2.3 mg QE/g). Similarly, highest total phenolic content was found in S. parasitica (32.9 ± 2.5 mg GAE/g) and lowest in V. album (20.6 ± 2.1 mg GAE/g). The antioxidant activity measured by DPPH radical scavenging assay was found best for S. parasitica (with lowest IC50 value; 26.0 ± 0.7 μg/ml) among the studied mistletoes. Overall analysis provides scientific evidence in favor of indigenous use of these mistletoes as a source of fodder, food and for medicinal purposes.
{"title":"Phytochemical and Antioxidant Properties Of Traditionally Used Mistletoes In Nepal","authors":"Kranti Kumal, D. Pant, B. Aryal, G. Tripathi, G. Joshi","doi":"10.3126/SW.V14I14.34999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V14I14.34999","url":null,"abstract":"Mistletoes are being used for food or beverage and for variety of medicinal purposes. In Nepal, mistletoes are traditionally used as fodder and as remedy to cure various ailments. In this study, methnolic extracts of seven common mistletoe species (Helixanthera ligustrina, Macrosolen cochinchinensis, Scurrula elata, S. parasitica, Viscum album, V. articulatum and V. liquidambaricola) were analyzed for their phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential. The total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenol content (TPC) were quantitatively determined by aluminum chloride colorimetric and folin-cioalteau reagent methods, respectively. The TFC was found highest for V. album (31.5 ± 2.3 mg QE/g) and lowest for M. cochinchinensis (24.9 ± 2.3 mg QE/g). Similarly, highest total phenolic content was found in S. parasitica (32.9 ± 2.5 mg GAE/g) and lowest in V. album (20.6 ± 2.1 mg GAE/g). The antioxidant activity measured by DPPH radical scavenging assay was found best for S. parasitica (with lowest IC50 value; 26.0 ± 0.7 μg/ml) among the studied mistletoes. Overall analysis provides scientific evidence in favor of indigenous use of these mistletoes as a source of fodder, food and for medicinal purposes.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"74 1","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91167080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coarse-grained protein modeling tool, Cabs-flex, is feely available online server; it is based on the CABS model in which each residue of a protein has been represented by four points. The server was used for the protein Calbindin D9k in it’s doubly calcium loaded state: small and single domain protein of the EF-hand family. Twelve representative structures, in all-atom format corresponding to each cluster, were also downloaded along with trajectories, ready-made plots, images, video, data files of Cα RMSD, atomic fluctuation and GDT_TS. In the present study, simulated Cα atomic fluctuations for residues of the protein was compared with the experimental results and also correlated with the respective Cα RMSD and GDT_TS. Keyword: Calbindin D9k; Coarse-grained simulation; CABS model; Cabs-flex server.
{"title":"Coarse-Grained Simulation Of Calbindin D9k","authors":"M. Thapa, M. Rance","doi":"10.3126/SW.V14I14.34977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V14I14.34977","url":null,"abstract":"The coarse-grained protein modeling tool, Cabs-flex, is feely available online server; it is based on the CABS model in which each residue of a protein has been represented by four points. The server was used for the protein Calbindin D9k in it’s doubly calcium loaded state: small and single domain protein of the EF-hand family. Twelve representative structures, in all-atom format corresponding to each cluster, were also downloaded along with trajectories, ready-made plots, images, video, data files of Cα RMSD, atomic fluctuation and GDT_TS. In the present study, simulated Cα atomic fluctuations for residues of the protein was compared with the experimental results and also correlated with the respective Cα RMSD and GDT_TS. Keyword: Calbindin D9k; Coarse-grained simulation; CABS model; Cabs-flex server.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"11 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84175433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manish Shrestha, Bibek Ropakheti, Uddhav Bhattarai, A. Adhikari, S. Thakur
In today’s world, it is necessary to monitor structures for possible damages. A failure to monitor the structures properly can cause structural catastrophe. Many researchers have worked on the low-power ultrasonic device to monitor the structures. In this research, we present an intelligent ultrasonic device (IUD) to monitor and detect the damages on the structures. The device uses microcontroller, actuator interface circuit, sensor interface circuit and radio frequency (RF) modem. The microcontroller has in-built high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and floating-point unit for signal processing. The controller generates the tone-burst signal and send it to actuator interface circuit. The actuator interface circuit conditions the received signal from the microcontroller and drives the Piezoelectric Transducer (PZT) actuator. The actuator generates an ultrasonic wave in the structure. The wave is then sensed by PZT sensors. The sensor interface circuit selects the signal from desired PZT sensor and send it to the microcontroller for further processing. The microcontroller digitizes the signal and computes the damage index and only if the damage is severe, it will send data wirelessly to the nearby PC. To test the device, iron specimen was prepared, PZT actuator and PZT sensor was mounted on it. The artificial crack was then induced on the specimen. The ultrasonic wave was then collected from the structure. By analyzing the ultrasonic wave, the device successfully detected the induced crack in the structure. The future work will be to use GSM modem so that the device can be monitored in the real time from the remote location.
{"title":"Intelligent Wireless Ultrasonic Device for Damage Detection of Metallic Structures","authors":"Manish Shrestha, Bibek Ropakheti, Uddhav Bhattarai, A. Adhikari, S. Thakur","doi":"10.3126/SW.V14I14.34979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V14I14.34979","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s world, it is necessary to monitor structures for possible damages. A failure to monitor the structures properly can cause structural catastrophe. Many researchers have worked on the low-power ultrasonic device to monitor the structures. In this research, we present an intelligent ultrasonic device (IUD) to monitor and detect the damages on the structures. The device uses microcontroller, actuator interface circuit, sensor interface circuit and radio frequency (RF) modem. The microcontroller has in-built high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and floating-point unit for signal processing. The controller generates the tone-burst signal and send it to actuator interface circuit. The actuator interface circuit conditions the received signal from the microcontroller and drives the Piezoelectric Transducer (PZT) actuator. The actuator generates an ultrasonic wave in the structure. The wave is then sensed by PZT sensors. The sensor interface circuit selects the signal from desired PZT sensor and send it to the microcontroller for further processing. The microcontroller digitizes the signal and computes the damage index and only if the damage is severe, it will send data wirelessly to the nearby PC. To test the device, iron specimen was prepared, PZT actuator and PZT sensor was mounted on it. The artificial crack was then induced on the specimen. The ultrasonic wave was then collected from the structure. By analyzing the ultrasonic wave, the device successfully detected the induced crack in the structure. The future work will be to use GSM modem so that the device can be monitored in the real time from the remote location.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"73 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72849701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four coordinated Nickel and six coordinate Cobalt complexes of type [Ni (HBH)2]. 2Cl, and Co(HBSH)2Cl2]Cl.2H2O [2-HBH=2-Hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide] respectively were synthesized. The coordination behavior of 2-HBH in complexes have been suggested on the basis of analytical and spectroscopic techniques, where the ligand is coordinating to metal through oxygen of carbonyl and nitrogen of terminal NH2 group. All the complexes are coloured and non-hygroscopic. The compositions of complexes were established on the basis of various analytical procedures. The molar conductance value shows 1:1 electrolyte in Co(II) complex and 1:2 in Ni(II) complex. The electronic spectral studies showed the square planner geometry around Ni(II) and octahedral geometry around the Co(II) ion. The optical band gap energy of complexes was derived from electronic spectra the value of which underlies the range of semiconductor materials.
{"title":"Coordination Behaviour Of 2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Hydrazide Towards Nickel (II) And Cobalt(II): Spectroscopic Investigation","authors":"Purnima Bajracharya, Sabita Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/SW.V14I14.34981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V14I14.34981","url":null,"abstract":"Four coordinated Nickel and six coordinate Cobalt complexes of type [Ni (HBH)2]. 2Cl, and Co(HBSH)2Cl2]Cl.2H2O [2-HBH=2-Hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide] respectively were synthesized. The coordination behavior of 2-HBH in complexes have been suggested on the basis of analytical and spectroscopic techniques, where the ligand is coordinating to metal through oxygen of carbonyl and nitrogen of terminal NH2 group. All the complexes are coloured and non-hygroscopic. The compositions of complexes were established on the basis of various analytical procedures. The molar conductance value shows 1:1 electrolyte in Co(II) complex and 1:2 in Ni(II) complex. The electronic spectral studies showed the square planner geometry around Ni(II) and octahedral geometry around the Co(II) ion. The optical band gap energy of complexes was derived from electronic spectra the value of which underlies the range of semiconductor materials.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"39 48 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76729121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frequency domain information were extracted from the time domain electric fields pertinent to the lightning positive return strokes applying Fourier transform and Wavelet transform. The electric field radiated by positive ground flashes striking the sea were recorded at 10 ns resolution at a coastal station to minimize the propagation effects. The frequency spectrum of the electric field of positive return strokes were computed applying the Fourier transform technique in the range of 10 kHz to 20 MHz owing to the fact that this range of frequency is of very much interest to the researchers and design engineers. The amplitude of the energy spectral density decreases nearly as 1 f from 10 kHz to about 0.1 MHz and drops nearly as 2 f up to 8 MHz. Applying the wavelet transform technique, the same positive return strokes are found to radiate in the frequency range of 5.5 to 81 kHz with the average spread distribution of 13.6 kHz to about 30 kHz. From frequency spectrum obtained from the Fourier transform it is difficult to identify as which phase of the return stroke radiates in the higher frequency range and that in the lower frequency range, whereas, one can easily identify from the frequency spectrum obtained with the wavelet transform that ramp portion of the positive return stroke radiates in the larger spectral range as compared to that of initial peak of the return stroke. Also, from the spectral density map obtained from wavelet transform one can easily observe the contribution of each phase in a range of frequency, which is not possible from the Fourier transform technique. Clearly, the wavelet transform is much more powerful tool to extract the frequency domain information of a non-stationary signal as compared to that of Fourier transform.
{"title":"Extracting Features of Transient Electric Fields With Fourier And Wavelet Transform–A Case Study Of Lightning Positive Return Stroke","authors":"Shriram Sharma","doi":"10.3126/SW.V14I14.34986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V14I14.34986","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency domain information were extracted from the time domain electric fields pertinent to the lightning positive return strokes applying Fourier transform and Wavelet transform. The electric field radiated by positive ground flashes striking the sea were recorded at 10 ns resolution at a coastal station to minimize the propagation effects. The frequency spectrum of the electric field of positive return strokes were computed applying the Fourier transform technique in the range of 10 kHz to 20 MHz owing to the fact that this range of frequency is of very much interest to the researchers and design engineers. The amplitude of the energy spectral density decreases nearly as 1 f from 10 kHz to about 0.1 MHz and drops nearly as 2 f up to 8 MHz. Applying the wavelet transform technique, the same positive return strokes are found to radiate in the frequency range of 5.5 to 81 kHz with the average spread distribution of 13.6 kHz to about 30 kHz. From frequency spectrum obtained from the Fourier transform it is difficult to identify as which phase of the return stroke radiates in the higher frequency range and that in the lower frequency range, whereas, one can easily identify from the frequency spectrum obtained with the wavelet transform that ramp portion of the positive return stroke radiates in the larger spectral range as compared to that of initial peak of the return stroke. Also, from the spectral density map obtained from wavelet transform one can easily observe the contribution of each phase in a range of frequency, which is not possible from the Fourier transform technique. Clearly, the wavelet transform is much more powerful tool to extract the frequency domain information of a non-stationary signal as compared to that of Fourier transform.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"2007 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82480416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A far infrared dust cavity nearby AGB star namely AGB19+26 found to be located, centered at R.A.(J2000)= 20h 02m 02.8s and Dec.(J2000)= 260 52' 36.8".Distribution of Planck function, dust color temperature, dust mass and visual extinction of the far infrared cavity was studied. This cavity was found to have following properties: (a) it is located nearby AGB star named AGB19+26around far infrared loopG064-01 at 2000 pc, (b) it is close to the Galactic plane at galactic latitude -1.20 therefore the radiation field is strong and (c) the diameter of the cavity is greater than 0.20 on IRAS. The dust color temperatures are found to be in the range 21.48 ± 0.25 K to 22.03 ± 0.12 K. Planck function was found to be non-uniform along its extension and compression, suggesting that the dust and grains are not in the local thermodynamic equilibrium, possibly because of external cause. It is therefore, a deviation from the Gaussian distribution is noted in the histogram of dust color temperature. It is concluded that the cavity was formed due to the high pressure events occurred in the past.
{"title":"Study Of A Far Infrared Cavity At The Galactic Plane","authors":"A. K. Gautam, B. Aryal","doi":"10.3126/SW.V14I14.34990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V14I14.34990","url":null,"abstract":"A far infrared dust cavity nearby AGB star namely AGB19+26 found to be located, centered at R.A.(J2000)= 20h 02m 02.8s and Dec.(J2000)= 260 52' 36.8\".Distribution of Planck function, dust color temperature, dust mass and visual extinction of the far infrared cavity was studied. This cavity was found to have following properties: (a) it is located nearby AGB star named AGB19+26around far infrared loopG064-01 at 2000 pc, (b) it is close to the Galactic plane at galactic latitude -1.20 therefore the radiation field is strong and (c) the diameter of the cavity is greater than 0.20 on IRAS. The dust color temperatures are found to be in the range 21.48 ± 0.25 K to 22.03 ± 0.12 K. Planck function was found to be non-uniform along its extension and compression, suggesting that the dust and grains are not in the local thermodynamic equilibrium, possibly because of external cause. It is therefore, a deviation from the Gaussian distribution is noted in the histogram of dust color temperature. It is concluded that the cavity was formed due to the high pressure events occurred in the past.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"20 1","pages":"68-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75379436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunita Shrestha, A. K. Dhami, A. Rajbhandari Nyachhyon
The low cost adsorbents were prepared from raw rice husk (RRH) and NaOH treated rice husk (NRH). Then prepared materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR and surface area of rice husk adsorbent were determined by methylene blue adsorption method. XRD showed amorphous nature with low crystallinity of the material. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of oxygenated functional groups such as ester, phenol, carbonyl and silica on the material. The surface area of RRH and NRH were found to be 387 and 417 m2/g respectively. Thus, prepared adsorbents were used for the removal of Fe(II) ion from aqueous solution. The influence of various parameters like pH, adsorbent doge, and contact time were studied for the better adsorption of Fe(II) on rice husk adsorbents. Results revealed that the maximum efficiency was achieved at pH 3 for Fe(II). The adsorption process was found to be best fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm model controlled by pseudo-second–order kinetics with the rate constant value i.e. 0.0218 and 0.0235 g/(mg·min) for RRH and NRH respectively. The χ2 values of pseudo second order was found to be lower which confirmed chemisorption, involving ion exchange and valence forces through sharing or exchange of electrons between adsorbent and adsorbate. The maximum adsorption capacity for Fe(II) on RRH and NRH was found to be 2.9 mg/g and 5.6 mg/g respectively. The positive ∆G value represents the randomness of the system during adsorption process. The slope of the linear plot of Qt vs t0.5 was linear but not passed through the origin, which indicates that, the intraparticle diffusion was not only rate controlling step. Temkin value showed the maximum binding energy (KT) for NRH was 16.4 L/g and for RRH it was 12.2 L/g. Key word: Rice husk; Iron; Langmuir adsorption. INTRODUCTION Metals of having relatively high densities (> 5 g/cm3) and high atomic weights simply means heavy metals1. Copper, aluminium, iron, zinc, platinum, arsenic, chromium, etc are some of the examples. Heavy metals are either essential nutrients like iron, cobalt and zinc or relatively harmless such as ruthenium, silver and indium while other are highly poisonous such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead1. Among the wide variety of heavy metals, iron i s one of the most common heavy metals that is found in nature. The magnetite [Fe3O4, 72.4 % Fe], hematite [Fe2O3, 69.9% Fe], goethite [FeO(OH), 62.9% Fe], limonite [FeO(OH).n(H2O)] or siderite [FeCO3, 48.2% Fe] are the most common ore of iron that is found in earth’s crust. Among them, hematite and magnetite are found in the form of rocks2 which during demineralization introduced in ground water by leaching and percolation. It also introduced from anthropogenic sources specially from industrial sector3. Heavy metals have become one of the major causes of concern for water pollution1. In ground water, iron exists in ferrous state and remains dissolved in water. Nonetheless when it is exposed to atmosphere, it gets oxidised to fe
{"title":"Adsorptive Removal of Fe (II) By NaOH Treated Rice Husk: Adsorption Equilibrium And Kinetics","authors":"Sunita Shrestha, A. K. Dhami, A. Rajbhandari Nyachhyon","doi":"10.3126/SW.V14I14.34991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V14I14.34991","url":null,"abstract":"The low cost adsorbents were prepared from raw rice husk (RRH) and NaOH treated rice husk (NRH). Then prepared materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR and surface area of rice husk adsorbent were determined by methylene blue adsorption method. XRD showed amorphous nature with low crystallinity of the material. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of oxygenated functional groups such as ester, phenol, carbonyl and silica on the material. The surface area of RRH and NRH were found to be 387 and 417 m2/g respectively. Thus, prepared adsorbents were used for the removal of Fe(II) ion from aqueous solution. The influence of various parameters like pH, adsorbent doge, and contact time were studied for the better adsorption of Fe(II) on rice husk adsorbents. Results revealed that the maximum efficiency was achieved at pH 3 for Fe(II). The adsorption process was found to be best fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm model controlled by pseudo-second–order kinetics with the rate constant value i.e. 0.0218 and 0.0235 g/(mg·min) for RRH and NRH respectively. The χ2 values of pseudo second order was found to be lower which confirmed chemisorption, involving ion exchange and valence forces through sharing or exchange of electrons between adsorbent and adsorbate. The maximum adsorption capacity for Fe(II) on RRH and NRH was found to be 2.9 mg/g and 5.6 mg/g respectively. The positive ∆G value represents the randomness of the system during adsorption process. The slope of the linear plot of Qt vs t0.5 was linear but not passed through the origin, which indicates that, the intraparticle diffusion was not only rate controlling step. Temkin value showed the maximum binding energy (KT) for NRH was 16.4 L/g and for RRH it was 12.2 L/g. Key word: Rice husk; Iron; Langmuir adsorption. INTRODUCTION Metals of having relatively high densities (> 5 g/cm3) and high atomic weights simply means heavy metals1. Copper, aluminium, iron, zinc, platinum, arsenic, chromium, etc are some of the examples. Heavy metals are either essential nutrients like iron, cobalt and zinc or relatively harmless such as ruthenium, silver and indium while other are highly poisonous such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead1. Among the wide variety of heavy metals, iron i s one of the most common heavy metals that is found in nature. The magnetite [Fe3O4, 72.4 % Fe], hematite [Fe2O3, 69.9% Fe], goethite [FeO(OH), 62.9% Fe], limonite [FeO(OH).n(H2O)] or siderite [FeCO3, 48.2% Fe] are the most common ore of iron that is found in earth’s crust. Among them, hematite and magnetite are found in the form of rocks2 which during demineralization introduced in ground water by leaching and percolation. It also introduced from anthropogenic sources specially from industrial sector3. Heavy metals have become one of the major causes of concern for water pollution1. In ground water, iron exists in ferrous state and remains dissolved in water. Nonetheless when it is exposed to atmosphere, it gets oxidised to fe","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"15 1","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73555369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, quantum chemical study on a natural product ergoline has been presented using density functional theory (DFT) employing 6-311++G (d,p) basis set. A complete vibrational assignment has been performed for the theoretical FT-IR and Raman wavenumbers along with the potential energy distribution (PED) with the result of quantum chemical calculations. The structure–activity relationship has been interpreted by mapping electrostatic potential surface (MEP). Graphical representation of frontier molecular orbitals with their energy gap have been analyzed theoretically for both the gaseous and solvent environment employing time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) employing 6-31G basis set.
{"title":"Molecular Structure, Homo-Lumo and Vibrational Analysis Of Ergoline By Density Functional Theory","authors":"B. Joshi, G. Thakur, M. Chaudhary","doi":"10.3126/SW.V14I14.34978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SW.V14I14.34978","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, quantum chemical study on a natural product ergoline has been presented using density functional theory (DFT) employing 6-311++G (d,p) basis set. A complete vibrational assignment has been performed for the theoretical FT-IR and Raman wavenumbers along with the potential energy distribution (PED) with the result of quantum chemical calculations. The structure–activity relationship has been interpreted by mapping electrostatic potential surface (MEP). Graphical representation of frontier molecular orbitals with their energy gap have been analyzed theoretically for both the gaseous and solvent environment employing time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) employing 6-31G basis set.","PeriodicalId":21637,"journal":{"name":"Scientific World","volume":"31 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74598021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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