Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.215-223
Yemima Chellyne Khefanny, Charlena Charlena, Sri Sugiarti
Cellulose is an abundant natural polymer that can be applied in various fields. Cellulose has many types and derivatives, one of which is cellulose acetate. Cellulose can be obtained from various natural sources such as kepok banana peel. The a-cellulose content in kepok banana peel is high enough at 94% so that it can be utilized as a cellulose acetate raw material. Modification of cellulose acetate using antibacterial agents is needed, considering that cellulose does not have antibacterial properties. Metal oxide materials such as ZnO nanoparticles are used as antibacterial agents. This study added ZnO nanoparticles to cellulose acetate and tested its antibacterial activity. The characteristics of ZnO were analyzed by UV-Vis, PSA, and FTIR. The characteristics of cellulose acetate and composites were analyzed by FTIR and XRD. Antibacterial activity tests were performed on all samples. The results showed the band gap value of ZnO was 3.37 eV. The average size of ZnO nanoparticle distribution using PSA was 96.23 nm with an average PI value of 0.151. An indicator that the ZnO compound and cellulose acetate have been sucessfully mixed is the absorption band at wave number 488 cm−1. A composite crystal size of 24.14 nm and a crystallinity percentage of 34.05% were found using XRD data. S. aureus bacteria are more inhibited by all evaluated substances antibacterial properties than E. coli germs. ZnO/Cellulose Acetate composite is categorized as strong inhibition, while ZnO nanoparticles are categorized as medium inhibition.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO/Cellulose Acetate Composite and its Activity as Antibacterial Agent","authors":"Yemima Chellyne Khefanny, Charlena Charlena, Sri Sugiarti","doi":"10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.215-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.215-223","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose is an abundant natural polymer that can be applied in various fields. Cellulose has many types and derivatives, one of which is cellulose acetate. Cellulose can be obtained from various natural sources such as kepok banana peel. The a-cellulose content in kepok banana peel is high enough at 94% so that it can be utilized as a cellulose acetate raw material. Modification of cellulose acetate using antibacterial agents is needed, considering that cellulose does not have antibacterial properties. Metal oxide materials such as ZnO nanoparticles are used as antibacterial agents. This study added ZnO nanoparticles to cellulose acetate and tested its antibacterial activity. The characteristics of ZnO were analyzed by UV-Vis, PSA, and FTIR. The characteristics of cellulose acetate and composites were analyzed by FTIR and XRD. Antibacterial activity tests were performed on all samples. The results showed the band gap value of ZnO was 3.37 eV. The average size of ZnO nanoparticle distribution using PSA was 96.23 nm with an average PI value of 0.151. An indicator that the ZnO compound and cellulose acetate have been sucessfully mixed is the absorption band at wave number 488 cm−1. A composite crystal size of 24.14 nm and a crystallinity percentage of 34.05% were found using XRD data. S. aureus bacteria are more inhibited by all evaluated substances antibacterial properties than E. coli germs. ZnO/Cellulose Acetate composite is categorized as strong inhibition, while ZnO nanoparticles are categorized as medium inhibition.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140754183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.273-283
D. Kurniasari, W. Warsono, M. Usman, F. R. Lumbanraja, W. Wamiliana
The rise in mortality rates due to leukemia has fueled the swift expansion of publications concerning the disease. The increase in publications has dramatically affected the enhancement of biomedical literature, further complicating the manual extraction of pertinent material on leukemia. Text classification is an approach used to retrieve pertinent and top-notch information from the biomedical literature. This research suggests employing an LSTM-CNN hybrid model to tackle imbalanced data classification in a dataset of PubMed abstracts centred on leukemia. Random Undersampling and Random Oversampling techniques are merged to tackle the data imbalance problem. The classification model’s performance is improved by utilizing a pre trained word embedding created explicitly for the biomedical domain, BioWordVec. Model evaluation indicates that hybrid resampling techniques with domain-specific pre-trained word embeddings can enhance model performance in classification tasks, achieving accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score of 99.55%, 99%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. The results suggest that this research could be an alternative technique to help obtain information about leukemia.
白血病死亡率的上升推动了有关该疾病的出版物迅速增加。出版物的增加极大地影响了生物医学文献的提升，使人工提取白血病相关资料的工作变得更加复杂。文本分类是一种用于从生物医学文献中检索相关顶级信息的方法。本研究建议采用 LSTM-CNN 混合模型来解决以白血病为中心的 PubMed 摘要数据集中的不平衡数据分类问题。随机欠采样和随机过采样技术被融合在一起，以解决数据不平衡问题。通过利用专门为生物医学领域创建的预训练词嵌入（BioWordVec），分类模型的性能得到了提高。模型评估结果表明，混合重采样技术与特定领域的预训练词嵌入可以提高模型在分类任务中的性能，准确率、精确度、召回率和 f1 分数分别达到 99.55%、99%、100% 和 99%。结果表明，这项研究可以成为帮助获取白血病信息的另一种技术。
{"title":"LSTM-CNN Hybrid Model Performance Improvement with BioWordVec for Biomedical Report Big Data Classification","authors":"D. Kurniasari, W. Warsono, M. Usman, F. R. Lumbanraja, W. Wamiliana","doi":"10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.273-283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.273-283","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in mortality rates due to leukemia has fueled the swift expansion of publications concerning the disease. The increase in publications has dramatically affected the enhancement of biomedical literature, further complicating the manual extraction of pertinent material on leukemia. Text classification is an approach used to retrieve pertinent and top-notch information from the biomedical literature. This research suggests employing an LSTM-CNN hybrid model to tackle imbalanced data classification in a dataset of PubMed abstracts centred on leukemia. Random Undersampling and Random Oversampling techniques are merged to tackle the data imbalance problem. The classification model’s performance is improved by utilizing a pre trained word embedding created explicitly for the biomedical domain, BioWordVec. Model evaluation indicates that hybrid resampling techniques with domain-specific pre-trained word embeddings can enhance model performance in classification tasks, achieving accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score of 99.55%, 99%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. The results suggest that this research could be an alternative technique to help obtain information about leukemia.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":"29 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.502-516
R. Rozirwan, Ade Siswanto, Nadila Nur Khotimah, Redho Yoga Nugroho, W. A. E. Putri, Fauziyah Fauziyah, R. Apri, Hartoni Hartoni
The increasing demand for effective and natural anti-inflammatory agents prompts an investigation into the properties of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl., a plant traditionally used in medicine. This study aimed to explore the ability of S. caseolaris leaves extract to inhibit inflammation and accelerate wound healing. S. caseolaris leaves were collected from Tanjung Api-Api area, Banyuasin, South Sumatra. The method involved carrageenan induction in rat paws as an inflammatory model. The results showed that the most effective dose was found in the group with a dose of 150 mg/kg BW measured using a digital caliper and plethysmometer. The qualitative phytochemical test contain alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenols. The results GC-MS analysis were thought to contain aldehydes, glucosinolates, coumarins, esters, terpenoids, alcohols, lipids, tocopherols, and steroids. Due to their diverse range of mechanisms of action, coumarins show significant promise in mitigating inflammation and hold potential for treating inflammatory conditions. This study provides new insights related to the potential of S. caseolaris as a source of natural anti-inflammatory agents, supporting public comprehension regarding the utilization of traditional herbal remedies.
对有效天然抗炎剂的需求日益增加，促使人们对传统医学中使用的一种植物--Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl.的特性进行研究。本研究旨在探索 S. caseolaris 叶子提取物抑制炎症和加速伤口愈合的能力。S.caseolaris叶采集自南苏门答腊班尤阿辛的Tanjung Api-Api地区。研究方法是用角叉菜胶诱导大鼠爪子作为炎症模型。结果表明，使用数字卡尺和褶皱计测量，剂量为 150 毫克/千克体重的组最有效。植物化学定性测试包含生物碱、类固醇、黄酮类和酚类。气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析结果认为其中含有醛类、葡萄糖苷酸盐、香豆素类、酯类、萜类、醇类、脂类、生育酚和类固醇。由于香豆素的作用机制多种多样，因此它们在缓解炎症方面大有可为，并具有治疗炎症的潜力。这项研究提供了有关 S. caseolaris 作为天然抗炎剂来源的潜力的新见解，有助于公众理解对传统草药的利用。
{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Phytochemical Profile from the Leaves of the Mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. for Future Drug Discovery","authors":"R. Rozirwan, Ade Siswanto, Nadila Nur Khotimah, Redho Yoga Nugroho, W. A. E. Putri, Fauziyah Fauziyah, R. Apri, Hartoni Hartoni","doi":"10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.502-516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.502-516","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for effective and natural anti-inflammatory agents prompts an investigation into the properties of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl., a plant traditionally used in medicine. This study aimed to explore the ability of S. caseolaris leaves extract to inhibit inflammation and accelerate wound healing. S. caseolaris leaves were collected from Tanjung Api-Api area, Banyuasin, South Sumatra. The method involved carrageenan induction in rat paws as an inflammatory model. The results showed that the most effective dose was found in the group with a dose of 150 mg/kg BW measured using a digital caliper and plethysmometer. The qualitative phytochemical test contain alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenols. The results GC-MS analysis were thought to contain aldehydes, glucosinolates, coumarins, esters, terpenoids, alcohols, lipids, tocopherols, and steroids. Due to their diverse range of mechanisms of action, coumarins show significant promise in mitigating inflammation and hold potential for treating inflammatory conditions. This study provides new insights related to the potential of S. caseolaris as a source of natural anti-inflammatory agents, supporting public comprehension regarding the utilization of traditional herbal remedies.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":"136 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.354-358
N. Nurali, A. Janteng
An analytic function, also known as a holomorphic function, is a complex-valued function that is differentiable at every point within a given domain. In other words, a function f (z) is analytic in a domain U if it has a derivative f′(z) at every point z in U. Let A represent the set of functions f that are analytic within the open unit disk D = {z ∈ ℂ : |z| < 1}. These functions possess a normalized Taylor-Maclaurin series expansion written in the form f (z) = z + Í∞ n=2 an z n where an ∈ ℂ, n = 2, 3, . . .. In recent years, the field of q-calculus has gained significant attention and research interest among mathematicians. The applications of this field are broadly applied in numerous subdivisions of physics and mathematics. In this research, we assume that S∗q and ℝq are subclasses of analytic functions obtained by applying the q-derivative operator. The objective of this paper is to obtain estimates for coefficient inequalities and Toeplitz determinants whose elements are the coefficients an for f ∈ S∗q and f ∈ Rq .
解析函数又称全形函数，是在给定域内每一点都可微分的复值函数。换句话说，如果函数 f (z) 在 U 中的每个点 z 上都有导数 f′(z)，那么这个函数 f (z) 在域 U 中就是解析的。让 A 表示在开放单位盘 D = {z∈ ℂ ：|z| < 1}.这些函数具有归一化的泰勒-麦克劳林级数展开，其形式为 f (z) = z + Í∞ n=2 an z n，其中 an∈ ℂ, n = 2, 3, ... 。近年来，q 计算领域在数学家中引起了极大的关注和研究兴趣。该领域的应用广泛，涉及物理学和数学的众多分支。在本研究中，我们假定 S∗q 和 ℝq 是应用 q 衍生算子得到的解析函数的子类。本文的目的是获得系数不等式和托普利兹行列式的估计值，其元素是 f∈S∗q 和 f∈Rq 的系数 an。
{"title":"Results on Toeplitz Determinants for Subclasses of Analytic Functions Associated to q-Derivative Operator","authors":"N. Nurali, A. Janteng","doi":"10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.354-358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.354-358","url":null,"abstract":"An analytic function, also known as a holomorphic function, is a complex-valued function that is differentiable at every point within a given domain. In other words, a function f (z) is analytic in a domain U if it has a derivative f′(z) at every point z in U. Let A represent the set of functions f that are analytic within the open unit disk D = {z ∈ ℂ : |z| < 1}. These functions possess a normalized Taylor-Maclaurin series expansion written in the form f (z) = z + Í∞ n=2 an z n where an ∈ ℂ, n = 2, 3, . . .. In recent years, the field of q-calculus has gained significant attention and research interest among mathematicians. The applications of this field are broadly applied in numerous subdivisions of physics and mathematics. In this research, we assume that S∗q and ℝq are subclasses of analytic functions obtained by applying the q-derivative operator. The objective of this paper is to obtain estimates for coefficient inequalities and Toeplitz determinants whose elements are the coefficients an for f ∈ S∗q and f ∈ Rq .","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":"34 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.260-272
S. Octarina, P. B. J. Bangun, E. Cahyono, Bambang Suprihatin, Ita Sarjani, F. Puspita, E. Yuliza
The increasing population has resulted in a significant increase in the amount of waste. One effort that can be made to overcome the waste problem is to provide a Temporary Waste Disposal Site (TWDS). This research aims to optimize the TWDS in the Bukit Kecil sub-district, Palembang city, by formulating a Robust-Set Covering Problem (Robust-SCP) model and solving the model with the software. Sensitivity analysis is used to analyze the optimal solution. Bukit Kecil sub-district is the sub-district that has the highest number of TWDS in Palembang city. The robust-SCP model obtained 10 optimal TWDS. Therefore, this research recommends the Robust SCP model as the optimal solution for the determination of TWDS in the Bukit Kecil sub-district, namely TWDS Kartini Street, TWDS front of Starbucks KI Street, TWDS Merdeka Street, TWDS Illegal at 26 Ilir Market, TWDS Flat Block 35, TWDS Flat Block 49, TWDS Merdeka Women’s Prison, TWDS Musi Riverbank Park, TWDS Monpera, and TWDS Cinde Market, with the addition of TWDS Mayor’s Office in 22 Ilir village and TWDS Flat Block 01 in 23 Ilir village. The sensitivity analysis results in this study show that the solution remains optimal if the coefficient change is within the coefficient interval value.
{"title":"Robust-Set Covering Problem and Sensitivity Analysis to Determine The Location of Temporary Waste Disposal Sites","authors":"S. Octarina, P. B. J. Bangun, E. Cahyono, Bambang Suprihatin, Ita Sarjani, F. Puspita, E. Yuliza","doi":"10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.260-272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.260-272","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing population has resulted in a significant increase in the amount of waste. One effort that can be made to overcome the waste problem is to provide a Temporary Waste Disposal Site (TWDS). This research aims to optimize the TWDS in the Bukit Kecil sub-district, Palembang city, by formulating a Robust-Set Covering Problem (Robust-SCP) model and solving the model with the software. Sensitivity analysis is used to analyze the optimal solution. Bukit Kecil sub-district is the sub-district that has the highest number of TWDS in Palembang city. The robust-SCP model obtained 10 optimal TWDS. Therefore, this research recommends the Robust SCP model as the optimal solution for the determination of TWDS in the Bukit Kecil sub-district, namely TWDS Kartini Street, TWDS front of Starbucks KI Street, TWDS Merdeka Street, TWDS Illegal at 26 Ilir Market, TWDS Flat Block 35, TWDS Flat Block 49, TWDS Merdeka Women’s Prison, TWDS Musi Riverbank Park, TWDS Monpera, and TWDS Cinde Market, with the addition of TWDS Mayor’s Office in 22 Ilir village and TWDS Flat Block 01 in 23 Ilir village. The sensitivity analysis results in this study show that the solution remains optimal if the coefficient change is within the coefficient interval value.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.480-486
Yulyani Nur Azizah, Haddiana Haddiana, T. Rudiana
Quercetin is a drug candidate with bioavailability but currently limited, necessitating the use of a delivery matrix, such as Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15). Rice husk ash, containing a significant amount of silica, served as a precursor in the synthesis of SBA-15, which can be functionalized with nanoparticles, including zinc, using sonochemical methods. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize Zn/SBA-15 using sonochemistry and evaluate the potential as a drug delivery matrix for quercetin. SBA-15 was formed by sonication of a sodium silicate from rice husk and pore director Pluronic P-123, followed by impregnating Zn at 2%, 4%, and 6% w/w. The characterization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence (XRF) showed a broad peak at 2theta 18-30◦ with Zn levels of 1.89%, 3.69%, and 5.06%. Furthermore, the analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the presence of Zn nanoparticles with a range size of 4-14 nm. In vitro drug delivery experiments were carried out using Zn/SBA-15 at concentrations of 1:1 and 1:2 to quercetin. The in vitro test results for a drug loading of quercetin with Zn/SBA-15 6% 1:1 was 28.30 mg/g. The encapsulation efficiency was 10.96% and the drug release reached 33.64% after 240 minutes.
{"title":"Synthesis of Zn/SBA-15 from Rice Husk Ash Using Sonochemical Methods as a Quercetin Drug Delivery Matrix","authors":"Yulyani Nur Azizah, Haddiana Haddiana, T. Rudiana","doi":"10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.480-486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.480-486","url":null,"abstract":"Quercetin is a drug candidate with bioavailability but currently limited, necessitating the use of a delivery matrix, such as Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15). Rice husk ash, containing a significant amount of silica, served as a precursor in the synthesis of SBA-15, which can be functionalized with nanoparticles, including zinc, using sonochemical methods. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize Zn/SBA-15 using sonochemistry and evaluate the potential as a drug delivery matrix for quercetin. SBA-15 was formed by sonication of a sodium silicate from rice husk and pore director Pluronic P-123, followed by impregnating Zn at 2%, 4%, and 6% w/w. The characterization of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fluorescence (XRF) showed a broad peak at 2theta 18-30◦ with Zn levels of 1.89%, 3.69%, and 5.06%. Furthermore, the analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the presence of Zn nanoparticles with a range size of 4-14 nm. In vitro drug delivery experiments were carried out using Zn/SBA-15 at concentrations of 1:1 and 1:2 to quercetin. The in vitro test results for a drug loading of quercetin with Zn/SBA-15 6% 1:1 was 28.30 mg/g. The encapsulation efficiency was 10.96% and the drug release reached 33.64% after 240 minutes.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":"16 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to investigate the impact of varying the mass ratio of Ni to Graphene Nano Sheets (GNS) and how incorporating GNS affects the performance of a primary battery prototype (Ni/GNS//electrolyte//GNS). The primary battery prototype was developed using both impregnation and alloy methods. Different mass ratios of Ni/GNS to electrolyte to GNS were tested, including ratios of 1:2:1 (A), 2:2:1 (B), 1:2:2 (C), 2:1:2 (D), and 1:1:2 (E). The characterization of GNS, Ni/GNS, and the primary battery prototype involved using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) instruments. A multimeter was employed to measure electrical conductivity, energy density, and power density. A potentiostat/galvanostat was used to measure cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD analysis showed a broad and weak peak at 2θ= 24.32° for GNS, confirming its successful synthesis. Additionally, a peak at 2θ = 43.5° indicated effective deposition of Ni on the GNS surface in Ni/GNS. The SEM-EDX results supported the XRD findings, showing regularly spaced pores and a thin surface layer in GNS. Notably, white spots on the graphene surface in Ni/GNS indicated successful Ni deposition. In terms of electrical conductivity, the highest value was observed in the primary battery prototype for sample D (2:1:2), which measured 1.11 S/cm2. These results were also supported by measurements of energy density and power density in sample D, which achieved the highest values among all samples, with 144,788 Wh/kg and 252,500 W/kg, respectively. Moreover, the CV and EIS measurements remained stable at 0.30 kΩ and 0.88 kΩ, suggesting that GNS could potentially conduct electrons owing to its electrical conductivity.
{"title":"Fabrication and Optimization of Primary Batteries Using Ni/Graphene Nanosheet Electrodes","authors":"Kerista Tarigan, R. Siburian, Erika Arta Mevia Sitorus, Frikson Jony Purba, Yosia Gopas Oetama Manik","doi":"10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.413-426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.413-426","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the impact of varying the mass ratio of Ni to Graphene Nano Sheets (GNS) and how incorporating GNS affects the performance of a primary battery prototype (Ni/GNS//electrolyte//GNS). The primary battery prototype was developed using both impregnation and alloy methods. Different mass ratios of Ni/GNS to electrolyte to GNS were tested, including ratios of 1:2:1 (A), 2:2:1 (B), 1:2:2 (C), 2:1:2 (D), and 1:1:2 (E). The characterization of GNS, Ni/GNS, and the primary battery prototype involved using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) instruments. A multimeter was employed to measure electrical conductivity, energy density, and power density. A potentiostat/galvanostat was used to measure cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD analysis showed a broad and weak peak at 2θ= 24.32° for GNS, confirming its successful synthesis. Additionally, a peak at 2θ = 43.5° indicated effective deposition of Ni on the GNS surface in Ni/GNS. The SEM-EDX results supported the XRD findings, showing regularly spaced pores and a thin surface layer in GNS. Notably, white spots on the graphene surface in Ni/GNS indicated successful Ni deposition. In terms of electrical conductivity, the highest value was observed in the primary battery prototype for sample D (2:1:2), which measured 1.11 S/cm2. These results were also supported by measurements of energy density and power density in sample D, which achieved the highest values among all samples, with 144,788 Wh/kg and 252,500 W/kg, respectively. Moreover, the CV and EIS measurements remained stable at 0.30 kΩ and 0.88 kΩ, suggesting that GNS could potentially conduct electrons owing to its electrical conductivity.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":"145 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.470-479
Clarissa Budiman, A. Miatmoko, Veronika Earline Pudji Setianing Tyas, Chrismawan Ardianto, Dini Retnowati
Stress is a condition that triggers a change in behavior and physiological state, affecting mental health. Beta-Ionone is a monocyclic terpenoid compound that can lower stress levels. However, there is a lack of studies about the anti-stress capability of Beta-Ionone inhalation, although Beta-Ionone is commonly used as a fragrance in perfumes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Beta-Ionone addition as the fragrance in perfumes on mice stress. The Beta-Ionone perfume was formulated with Bergamot Oil, Lavender Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Tea Tree Oil, and Patchouli Oil to produce Fem, Fem-Ion (Fem + Beta-Ionone), Masc, and Masc-Ion (Fem + Beta-Ionone), which had different preferable odors. The anti-stress effectivity was then evaluated in stress induced mice, which were restrained for one hour every day for one week. The perfumes were then given by inhalation every alternate day. The stress level of the mice was evaluated using a tail suspension test and serum cortisol level assays. The results showed that inhalation of the perfumes lowered the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension test, albeit the addition of Beta Ionone did not give a significant difference. Based on the results of serum cortisol level, there was a substantial decrease in serum cortisol by inhaling the Fem and Fem-Ion, showing decreases in stress level. However, there were increases in serum cortisol levels for Masc and Masc-Ion, indicating stress induction, which was suggested to be caused by 1,8-cineole, a compound in the Eucalyptus oil as the perfume oil components.
{"title":"The Effects of Beta-Ionone Addition in Perfume on Behavior and Serum Cortisol Level of Stress-Induced Mice","authors":"Clarissa Budiman, A. Miatmoko, Veronika Earline Pudji Setianing Tyas, Chrismawan Ardianto, Dini Retnowati","doi":"10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.470-479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.470-479","url":null,"abstract":"Stress is a condition that triggers a change in behavior and physiological state, affecting mental health. Beta-Ionone is a monocyclic terpenoid compound that can lower stress levels. However, there is a lack of studies about the anti-stress capability of Beta-Ionone inhalation, although Beta-Ionone is commonly used as a fragrance in perfumes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Beta-Ionone addition as the fragrance in perfumes on mice stress. The Beta-Ionone perfume was formulated with Bergamot Oil, Lavender Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Tea Tree Oil, and Patchouli Oil to produce Fem, Fem-Ion (Fem + Beta-Ionone), Masc, and Masc-Ion (Fem + Beta-Ionone), which had different preferable odors. The anti-stress effectivity was then evaluated in stress induced mice, which were restrained for one hour every day for one week. The perfumes were then given by inhalation every alternate day. The stress level of the mice was evaluated using a tail suspension test and serum cortisol level assays. The results showed that inhalation of the perfumes lowered the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension test, albeit the addition of Beta Ionone did not give a significant difference. Based on the results of serum cortisol level, there was a substantial decrease in serum cortisol by inhaling the Fem and Fem-Ion, showing decreases in stress level. However, there were increases in serum cortisol levels for Masc and Masc-Ion, indicating stress induction, which was suggested to be caused by 1,8-cineole, a compound in the Eucalyptus oil as the perfume oil components.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":"23 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.314-324
R. Mutiah, Malich Septi Diajeng Briliana, Ananda Rizkia Azizah Ahmad, B. Fauziyah, Nandana Adyuta Janaloka, Arief Suryadinata
Side effects and risk of resistance are common consequences of colon cancer treatment based on chemotherapy. The medicinal plant originating in Indonesia, Lansium parasiticum bark extract (LPBE), has not been studied much. The purpose of this study is to identify the compounds present in LPBE and explain how the molecular mechanisms of the composite inhibit colon cancer cells. LC-MS/MS Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrophotometry has been used to identify compounds in LPBE. The ADMET program is used to determine absorption profiles and bioavailability per oral. The tissue pharmacology approach uses Cytoscape 3.9.1, GeneCards, Disgenet, STRING 2.0.0, SRplot, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway to predict the molecular anti-cancer mechanisms of these compounds. In vitro validation using PyRx Autodock Vina 9.0 and Biovia Discovery Studio with BAX (PDB ID:2YXJ), BCL2 (P DB ID:2W3L) and STAT3 receptors (PDB ID:6NJS). A total of 17 active compounds were identified through LC-MS/MS. The moronic acid compound showed the highest levels of 14.29% followed by 4-Morpholineacetic Acid 12.2% and ursolic aldehyde 8.37%. Pharmacological network analysis showed that the compounder works on the EGFR tyrosine kinase resistance path by targeting the BCL2, BAX, STAT3 genes. The results of the in silico validation support the results of tissue pharmacology findings. Ursolic aldehyde, and Moronic acid showed a higher affinity to the three receptors. Therefore, Lansium parasiticum bark extract (LPBE) is recommended for further study as a candidate anti-cancer drug both in vitro and in vivo.
{"title":"Network Pharmacology and Component Analysis Integrated Study to Uncovers the Molecular Mechanisms of Lansium parasiticum Bark Extract in Colon Cancer Treatment","authors":"R. Mutiah, Malich Septi Diajeng Briliana, Ananda Rizkia Azizah Ahmad, B. Fauziyah, Nandana Adyuta Janaloka, Arief Suryadinata","doi":"10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.314-324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.314-324","url":null,"abstract":"Side effects and risk of resistance are common consequences of colon cancer treatment based on chemotherapy. The medicinal plant originating in Indonesia, Lansium parasiticum bark extract (LPBE), has not been studied much. The purpose of this study is to identify the compounds present in LPBE and explain how the molecular mechanisms of the composite inhibit colon cancer cells. LC-MS/MS Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrophotometry has been used to identify compounds in LPBE. The ADMET program is used to determine absorption profiles and bioavailability per oral. The tissue pharmacology approach uses Cytoscape 3.9.1, GeneCards, Disgenet, STRING 2.0.0, SRplot, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway to predict the molecular anti-cancer mechanisms of these compounds. In vitro validation using PyRx Autodock Vina 9.0 and Biovia Discovery Studio with BAX (PDB ID:2YXJ), BCL2 (P DB ID:2W3L) and STAT3 receptors (PDB ID:6NJS). A total of 17 active compounds were identified through LC-MS/MS. The moronic acid compound showed the highest levels of 14.29% followed by 4-Morpholineacetic Acid 12.2% and ursolic aldehyde 8.37%. Pharmacological network analysis showed that the compounder works on the EGFR tyrosine kinase resistance path by targeting the BCL2, BAX, STAT3 genes. The results of the in silico validation support the results of tissue pharmacology findings. Ursolic aldehyde, and Moronic acid showed a higher affinity to the three receptors. Therefore, Lansium parasiticum bark extract (LPBE) is recommended for further study as a candidate anti-cancer drug both in vitro and in vivo.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.284-298
Najma Annuria Fithri, M. Mardiyanto, F. Fitrya, Asfaraeni Rahmah, Novilia Megi Annisa
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia continues to be the deadliest neuro degenerative disease in recent years. Despite significant efforts to mitigate the progression of the disease, there is no known cure and development towards a more effective treatment is still lacking. AD is marked by exceptionally low amount of acetylcholine in the brain, formation of tau protein, and amyloid beta plaque. Current drugs of choice for treating AD, namely donepezil and memantine, are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors which focused on delaying the onset of cognitive decline by maintaining acetylcholine concentration. Gambier water extract (GWE) contains high level of polyphenols which act as an antioxidant, exhibit strong correlation with AChE inhibitor. The aim of this research is to formulate and encapsulate GWE inside a microparticle system composed of chitosan and different crosslinkers, STPP (IMGS) and CaCl2 (IMGC), which were then characterized as AChE inhibitor using Ellman’s method. Variations of the formula were designed following Box-Behnken experimental design with chitosan and crosslinker concentration, crosslinker type, and stirring speed as variables. Initial activity of GWE, IMGS and IMGC as antioxidant were confirmed with DPPH method, obtaining a strong activity of 88.01, 82.11, and 84.99% DPPH inhibition at 100 ppm respectively. Promisingly, at concentration of 100 ppm GWE demonstrated AChE inhibition of 30.36%. However, this activity reduced after encapsulation into IMGS and IMGC, with 14.63% and 18.65% AChE inhibition, which can be linked to the relatively sustained diffusion of GWE from the polymer matrix. IMGS and IMGC diffusion profile showed release of 23.24% and 21.89% after 6 hours, with significant increase in diffusion after 24 hours with 74.92% and 71.19% respectively. Despite showing sustained release behaviour, both IMGS and IMGC ex-vivo diffusion significantly improved when compared to GWE which only diffused 51.84% after 24 hours. This result indicates encapsulation of GWE into a polymeric carrier could increase gambier diffusion through the nasal mucous membrane, significantly improving the potential to penetrate into the brain systemic circulation. Combined with desirable intranasal delivery characteristics, this research was able to demonstrate the promising potential of gambier water extract polymeric system as AChE inhibitors for AD therapy.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Gambier (Uncaria gambir)-Chitosan Microparticle Intranasal Delivery for Alzheimer’s Diseases","authors":"Najma Annuria Fithri, M. Mardiyanto, F. Fitrya, Asfaraeni Rahmah, Novilia Megi Annisa","doi":"10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.284-298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.284-298","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia continues to be the deadliest neuro degenerative disease in recent years. Despite significant efforts to mitigate the progression of the disease, there is no known cure and development towards a more effective treatment is still lacking. AD is marked by exceptionally low amount of acetylcholine in the brain, formation of tau protein, and amyloid beta plaque. Current drugs of choice for treating AD, namely donepezil and memantine, are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors which focused on delaying the onset of cognitive decline by maintaining acetylcholine concentration. Gambier water extract (GWE) contains high level of polyphenols which act as an antioxidant, exhibit strong correlation with AChE inhibitor. The aim of this research is to formulate and encapsulate GWE inside a microparticle system composed of chitosan and different crosslinkers, STPP (IMGS) and CaCl2 (IMGC), which were then characterized as AChE inhibitor using Ellman’s method. Variations of the formula were designed following Box-Behnken experimental design with chitosan and crosslinker concentration, crosslinker type, and stirring speed as variables. Initial activity of GWE, IMGS and IMGC as antioxidant were confirmed with DPPH method, obtaining a strong activity of 88.01, 82.11, and 84.99% DPPH inhibition at 100 ppm respectively. Promisingly, at concentration of 100 ppm GWE demonstrated AChE inhibition of 30.36%. However, this activity reduced after encapsulation into IMGS and IMGC, with 14.63% and 18.65% AChE inhibition, which can be linked to the relatively sustained diffusion of GWE from the polymer matrix. IMGS and IMGC diffusion profile showed release of 23.24% and 21.89% after 6 hours, with significant increase in diffusion after 24 hours with 74.92% and 71.19% respectively. Despite showing sustained release behaviour, both IMGS and IMGC ex-vivo diffusion significantly improved when compared to GWE which only diffused 51.84% after 24 hours. This result indicates encapsulation of GWE into a polymeric carrier could increase gambier diffusion through the nasal mucous membrane, significantly improving the potential to penetrate into the brain systemic circulation. Combined with desirable intranasal delivery characteristics, this research was able to demonstrate the promising potential of gambier water extract polymeric system as AChE inhibitors for AD therapy.","PeriodicalId":21644,"journal":{"name":"Science and Technology Indonesia","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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