Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2088389
G. Deblonde, A. Chagnes, G. Cote
ABSTRACT Producing pure substances has been the obsession of scientists for centuries and has defined chemistry as we know it. Nowadays, most of our economy still relies on the chemist ability to extract and purify metallic elements from raw or recycled materials, which, in most cases, is done partly or entirely via hydrometallurgical methods. Here, the authors present the critical aspects of this relatively overlooked, yet critical, chemistry discipline. This review article highlights the importance of hydrometallurgical processes for strategic industrial sectors, put in perspective traditional separation methods with emerging ones (new metal-binding chelators, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, microfluidic devices, biomaterials, etc.), critically reviews progress made on separation methods over the past two decades, and highlights the challenges lying ahead for the hydrometallurgists in academia and the industry.
{"title":"Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Hydrometallurgical Methods","authors":"G. Deblonde, A. Chagnes, G. Cote","doi":"10.1080/15422119.2022.2088389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2022.2088389","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Producing pure substances has been the obsession of scientists for centuries and has defined chemistry as we know it. Nowadays, most of our economy still relies on the chemist ability to extract and purify metallic elements from raw or recycled materials, which, in most cases, is done partly or entirely via hydrometallurgical methods. Here, the authors present the critical aspects of this relatively overlooked, yet critical, chemistry discipline. This review article highlights the importance of hydrometallurgical processes for strategic industrial sectors, put in perspective traditional separation methods with emerging ones (new metal-binding chelators, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, microfluidic devices, biomaterials, etc.), critically reviews progress made on separation methods over the past two decades, and highlights the challenges lying ahead for the hydrometallurgists in academia and the industry.","PeriodicalId":21744,"journal":{"name":"Separation & Purification Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79415400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2094274
Min-Zhen Shi, Ya-Ling Yu, S. Zhu, Juan Yang, Jun Cao
ABSTRACT Matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) is a rapid and flexible sample pretreatment method that accomplishes sample disruption, extraction, filtering and purification in one step and is especially suitable for solid, semisolid and viscous samples. More than 30 years have elapsed since it was first proposed, and there are many published reviews. However, there is no review on the use of MSPD to extract active compounds from natural products. In this review, the latest developments from 2015–2021 in MSPD microextraction techniques, including sorbents, elution solvents and assisted MSPD extraction, along with their applications in natural products, are systematically discussed and classified according to the structure of the active constituents, which mainly refer to phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones and terpenes.
{"title":"Latest Development of Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion Extraction and Microextraction for Natural Products from 2015-2021","authors":"Min-Zhen Shi, Ya-Ling Yu, S. Zhu, Juan Yang, Jun Cao","doi":"10.1080/15422119.2022.2094274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2022.2094274","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) is a rapid and flexible sample pretreatment method that accomplishes sample disruption, extraction, filtering and purification in one step and is especially suitable for solid, semisolid and viscous samples. More than 30 years have elapsed since it was first proposed, and there are many published reviews. However, there is no review on the use of MSPD to extract active compounds from natural products. In this review, the latest developments from 2015–2021 in MSPD microextraction techniques, including sorbents, elution solvents and assisted MSPD extraction, along with their applications in natural products, are systematically discussed and classified according to the structure of the active constituents, which mainly refer to phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones and terpenes.","PeriodicalId":21744,"journal":{"name":"Separation & Purification Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78046449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2043376
A. Rout
ABSTRACT Recovery of plutonium from spent nuclear fuels is very much indispensable in fast neutron reactor fuel reactor wherein, plutonium – 239 (239Pu) is used as the driving fuel. Separation of Pu(IV) from other metal ions present in the spent nuclear fuels by liquid–liquid extraction process is a difficult task in conventional solvent system. In this context, Ionic Liquids (ILs) could be considered as a suitable solvent/diluent in the separation of actinides and fission products due to their numerous fascinating properties, such as high solvating capability, high selectivity, and high radiation stability. Selective separation of a target metal ion from other metal ions is feasible in IL-based extraction by suitably designing their cation–anion combination to acquire the desired selectivity. The present review summarizes the work on Pu(IV) solvent extraction from nitric acid medium using ILs as the extraction phase and highlights suitability of IL-based solvents for the selective separation of Pu(IV) from other actinides and fission products. This review also emphasizes on remarkable separation factor (SF) for Pu(IV) from other metal ions. Details on extraction kinetics, extraction thermodynamics, and stripping profiles of Pu(IV) are also congregated and presented. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Separation of Plutonium from Other Actinides and Fission Products in Ionic Liquid Medium","authors":"A. Rout","doi":"10.1080/15422119.2022.2043376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2022.2043376","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recovery of plutonium from spent nuclear fuels is very much indispensable in fast neutron reactor fuel reactor wherein, plutonium – 239 (239Pu) is used as the driving fuel. Separation of Pu(IV) from other metal ions present in the spent nuclear fuels by liquid–liquid extraction process is a difficult task in conventional solvent system. In this context, Ionic Liquids (ILs) could be considered as a suitable solvent/diluent in the separation of actinides and fission products due to their numerous fascinating properties, such as high solvating capability, high selectivity, and high radiation stability. Selective separation of a target metal ion from other metal ions is feasible in IL-based extraction by suitably designing their cation–anion combination to acquire the desired selectivity. The present review summarizes the work on Pu(IV) solvent extraction from nitric acid medium using ILs as the extraction phase and highlights suitability of IL-based solvents for the selective separation of Pu(IV) from other actinides and fission products. This review also emphasizes on remarkable separation factor (SF) for Pu(IV) from other metal ions. Details on extraction kinetics, extraction thermodynamics, and stripping profiles of Pu(IV) are also congregated and presented. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":21744,"journal":{"name":"Separation & Purification Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77974387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2039196
K. Chu
ABSTRACT This contribution is intended as a specific review of the modeling approaches used to describe breakthrough curves of water contaminants and as a cautionary guide to some common and persistent modeling misconceptions. Its intended audience is early career researchers working in the area of adsorptive water remediation. First, typical data- and mechanism-driven models are discussed. A brief description of numerical fixed bed models with multiple curve broadening mechanisms (axial dispersion; intraparticle diffusion; film mass transfer; reaction kinetics) is presented. Particular attention is paid to analytical fixed bed models constructed for linear and nonlinear trace systems. Because these models assume that a single curve broadening mechanism is operative, their functional forms are relatively simple. Examples of spreadsheet calculations with these models are provided. A summary describing several egregious misconceptions associated with the use of two phenomenological models based on reaction kinetics (Bohart–Adams and Thomas) and one empirical model (Yoon–Nelson) to fit breakthrough curves is presented. In many previous studies, the three models have been used blindly, resulting in meaningless findings. The author hopes that this article will help the early career researcher avoid repeating the same mistakes.
{"title":"Fixed Bed Adsorption of Water Contaminants: A Cautionary Guide to Simple Analytical Models and Modeling Misconceptions","authors":"K. Chu","doi":"10.1080/15422119.2022.2039196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2022.2039196","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This contribution is intended as a specific review of the modeling approaches used to describe breakthrough curves of water contaminants and as a cautionary guide to some common and persistent modeling misconceptions. Its intended audience is early career researchers working in the area of adsorptive water remediation. First, typical data- and mechanism-driven models are discussed. A brief description of numerical fixed bed models with multiple curve broadening mechanisms (axial dispersion; intraparticle diffusion; film mass transfer; reaction kinetics) is presented. Particular attention is paid to analytical fixed bed models constructed for linear and nonlinear trace systems. Because these models assume that a single curve broadening mechanism is operative, their functional forms are relatively simple. Examples of spreadsheet calculations with these models are provided. A summary describing several egregious misconceptions associated with the use of two phenomenological models based on reaction kinetics (Bohart–Adams and Thomas) and one empirical model (Yoon–Nelson) to fit breakthrough curves is presented. In many previous studies, the three models have been used blindly, resulting in meaningless findings. The author hopes that this article will help the early career researcher avoid repeating the same mistakes.","PeriodicalId":21744,"journal":{"name":"Separation & Purification Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83812975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2136574
M. Marchel, I. Marrucho
ABSTRACT Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) extraction is a simple, selective, efficient and easy to scale-up technology that, over the years, has attracted a considerable attention from the researcher community as an alternative methodology in downstream processing of a wide variety of biomolecules. This review summarizes and discusses the fundamental features of ABS, as well as its advantages and disadvantages, as a separation and purification technology of biomolecules. Nevertheless, the focus of this review are quaternary ABS formed by the addition of neutral salts and ionic liquids to conventional ABS or those ABS composed by deep eutectic solvents and another phase forming compound. The advantages brought by quaternary ABS in terms of separation and purification of biomolecules, as well as the main issues governing the phase behavior of these systems, are discussed. With examples of application of quaternary ABS as an alternative extraction and purification methodology, it is shown that such ABS are a promising method to improve the effectiveness of biomolecules downstream processing, potentially providing a response to the increasing demand for high purity bioproduct. Furthermore, some of the discussed quaternary ABS have a great potential as a novel, sustainable and cost-effective purification platform for biomolecules downstream processing that can potentially simplify the whole ABS-based purification process due to no need for target bioproduct recovery or phase formers removal. Finally, perspectives of such quaternary ABS are made, and some future challenges pointed out.
{"title":"Application of Aqueous Biphasic Systems Extraction in Various Biomolecules Separation and Purification: Advancements Brought by Quaternary Systems","authors":"M. Marchel, I. Marrucho","doi":"10.1080/15422119.2022.2136574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2022.2136574","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) extraction is a simple, selective, efficient and easy to scale-up technology that, over the years, has attracted a considerable attention from the researcher community as an alternative methodology in downstream processing of a wide variety of biomolecules. This review summarizes and discusses the fundamental features of ABS, as well as its advantages and disadvantages, as a separation and purification technology of biomolecules. Nevertheless, the focus of this review are quaternary ABS formed by the addition of neutral salts and ionic liquids to conventional ABS or those ABS composed by deep eutectic solvents and another phase forming compound. The advantages brought by quaternary ABS in terms of separation and purification of biomolecules, as well as the main issues governing the phase behavior of these systems, are discussed. With examples of application of quaternary ABS as an alternative extraction and purification methodology, it is shown that such ABS are a promising method to improve the effectiveness of biomolecules downstream processing, potentially providing a response to the increasing demand for high purity bioproduct. Furthermore, some of the discussed quaternary ABS have a great potential as a novel, sustainable and cost-effective purification platform for biomolecules downstream processing that can potentially simplify the whole ABS-based purification process due to no need for target bioproduct recovery or phase formers removal. Finally, perspectives of such quaternary ABS are made, and some future challenges pointed out.","PeriodicalId":21744,"journal":{"name":"Separation & Purification Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82632066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-23DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2114371
Rickson Jun Jay Chia, W. Lau, N. Yusof, H. Shokravi, A. Ismail
ABSTRACT Arsenic pollution in water sources has been a recurring issue for the nations where groundwater is the sole source of survival. While conventional pressure-driven membrane is the epitome of a water treatment solution, it is not without limitations for arsenic removal. Thus, adsorptive membranes are studied since they combine positive features of adsorption and ultrafiltration technology that makes them able to remove arsenic effectively while offering promising flux. While there are studies reporting on the roles of adsorptive membranes for arsenic removal, there is much to discover on the performance of different adsorptive membranes in terms of adsorption capacity, regeneration potential, and stability. In this review, we survey the characteristics of a wide range of nanoadsorbents focussing on the membrane properties for arsenic removal as well as regeneration process of adsorptive membrane using different solutions. The key challenges faced during membrane fabrication and operation are also highlighted providing a better insight toward development of more robust adsorptive membranes. It is hoped that through this review, researchers will be inspired to develop more functional adsorptive membranes with not only outstanding performance but also stable performance for arsenic removal. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Adsorptive Membranes for Arsenic Removal – Principles, Progress and Challenges","authors":"Rickson Jun Jay Chia, W. Lau, N. Yusof, H. Shokravi, A. Ismail","doi":"10.1080/15422119.2022.2114371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2022.2114371","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Arsenic pollution in water sources has been a recurring issue for the nations where groundwater is the sole source of survival. While conventional pressure-driven membrane is the epitome of a water treatment solution, it is not without limitations for arsenic removal. Thus, adsorptive membranes are studied since they combine positive features of adsorption and ultrafiltration technology that makes them able to remove arsenic effectively while offering promising flux. While there are studies reporting on the roles of adsorptive membranes for arsenic removal, there is much to discover on the performance of different adsorptive membranes in terms of adsorption capacity, regeneration potential, and stability. In this review, we survey the characteristics of a wide range of nanoadsorbents focussing on the membrane properties for arsenic removal as well as regeneration process of adsorptive membrane using different solutions. The key challenges faced during membrane fabrication and operation are also highlighted providing a better insight toward development of more robust adsorptive membranes. It is hoped that through this review, researchers will be inspired to develop more functional adsorptive membranes with not only outstanding performance but also stable performance for arsenic removal. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":21744,"journal":{"name":"Separation & Purification Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82905061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-15DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2119867
A. Criscuoli, O. Bamaga, Qian Wang, Z. Cui, Akram Nahri, Mohammed Albeirutty, W. Jin, E. Drioli
ABSTRACT Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) represent the best available technology for municipal and wastewater treatment, as confirmed by the number of wastewater treatment plants based on MBRs in operation worldwide. However, MBRs are not able to effectively reject some substances, like low molecular weight organic compounds found in wastewaters. Therefore, further improvements are needed. In this respect, coupling MBRs with high-retention membrane processes, like reverse osmosis (RO) and membrane distillation (MD), was investigated in the past years. In this paper, the main MBR features and their commercial development are presented. Their performance when coupled with RO and with MD units is discussed, as well as limitations toward a large-scale implementation, with particular emphasis on the further research needed in the field. Finally, MBR-RO and MBR-MD integrated systems are compared in terms of the most significant parameters. Actions to take in order to overcome linked issues are also proposed.
{"title":"Integration of Membrane Bioreactors with Reverse Osmosis and Membrane Distillation Units for Wastewater Treatment: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives","authors":"A. Criscuoli, O. Bamaga, Qian Wang, Z. Cui, Akram Nahri, Mohammed Albeirutty, W. Jin, E. Drioli","doi":"10.1080/15422119.2022.2119867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2022.2119867","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) represent the best available technology for municipal and wastewater treatment, as confirmed by the number of wastewater treatment plants based on MBRs in operation worldwide. However, MBRs are not able to effectively reject some substances, like low molecular weight organic compounds found in wastewaters. Therefore, further improvements are needed. In this respect, coupling MBRs with high-retention membrane processes, like reverse osmosis (RO) and membrane distillation (MD), was investigated in the past years. In this paper, the main MBR features and their commercial development are presented. Their performance when coupled with RO and with MD units is discussed, as well as limitations toward a large-scale implementation, with particular emphasis on the further research needed in the field. Finally, MBR-RO and MBR-MD integrated systems are compared in terms of the most significant parameters. Actions to take in order to overcome linked issues are also proposed.","PeriodicalId":21744,"journal":{"name":"Separation & Purification Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76819589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2112052
T. C., K. Uppuluri
ABSTRACT Biobutanol is a potential biofuel produced from various biomass and can serve as a suitable alternative to the nonrenewable fossil-based gasoline fuel. The fermentative microbes used for biobutanol production are solvent-producing Clostridium organisms by Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation. The major challenges of ABE fermentation are butanol toxicity to the host strain, lack of effective fermentation strategies, inefficient butanol separation, and low 0.5–2% w/w yield. Butanol forms an azeotropic mixture with water and requires 79.5 MJ/kg energy for separation using conventional distillation when the energy content of butanol is only 36 MJ/kg; hence the separation by traditional distillation processes is inefficient. Recent developments in membrane technology, coupled with novel extractants and adsorbents, are promising for efficient, energy-effective, and economical bio-butanol separation. Among the techniques, liquid-liquid extraction has shown a high separation efficiency of 75–85% butanol with an energy demand of 25 MJ/kg, whereas adsorption and pervaporation have shown an energy demand of 35–40 MJ/kg. In the present review, a critical analysis of the recent trends, strategies, technical prospects, challenges, and economical evaluation of different methods of biobutanol recovery is presented.
{"title":"Critical Analysis of Various Strategies for the Effective and Economical Separation and Purification of Butanol from ABE Fermentation","authors":"T. C., K. Uppuluri","doi":"10.1080/15422119.2022.2112052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2022.2112052","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Biobutanol is a potential biofuel produced from various biomass and can serve as a suitable alternative to the nonrenewable fossil-based gasoline fuel. The fermentative microbes used for biobutanol production are solvent-producing Clostridium organisms by Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation. The major challenges of ABE fermentation are butanol toxicity to the host strain, lack of effective fermentation strategies, inefficient butanol separation, and low 0.5–2% w/w yield. Butanol forms an azeotropic mixture with water and requires 79.5 MJ/kg energy for separation using conventional distillation when the energy content of butanol is only 36 MJ/kg; hence the separation by traditional distillation processes is inefficient. Recent developments in membrane technology, coupled with novel extractants and adsorbents, are promising for efficient, energy-effective, and economical bio-butanol separation. Among the techniques, liquid-liquid extraction has shown a high separation efficiency of 75–85% butanol with an energy demand of 25 MJ/kg, whereas adsorption and pervaporation have shown an energy demand of 35–40 MJ/kg. In the present review, a critical analysis of the recent trends, strategies, technical prospects, challenges, and economical evaluation of different methods of biobutanol recovery is presented.","PeriodicalId":21744,"journal":{"name":"Separation & Purification Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89985943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-21DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2111263
Sima Majidi, H. Erfan-Niya, J. Azamat, Soroush Ziaei, Eduardo R. Cruz-Chú, J. Walther
ABSTRACT The global demand for clean and potable water continuously increased due to expanding population and pollution. Water contamination by anionic compounds, heavy metals, and other pollutants is growing globally and needs to be investigated to find proper strategies leading to improve water quality and reduce water scarcity. Several processes have been used to purify and renew water, but they each have limitations. Processes using membranes for water purification are promising. They found uses for environmental applications as molecular filters. This review aims to show the performance of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in membrane technologies to increase the knowledge of membrane-based water purification purposes. Through MD simulations, dynamic and static features of membrane separation systems can be evaluated on the atomic scale. This paper reviews recent developments in membrane-based wastewater treatment giving insights obtained from MD simulations. Also, the basics of MD, properties, mechanisms, and its limitations were discussed.
{"title":"Membrane Based Water Treatment: Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulations","authors":"Sima Majidi, H. Erfan-Niya, J. Azamat, Soroush Ziaei, Eduardo R. Cruz-Chú, J. Walther","doi":"10.1080/15422119.2022.2111263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2022.2111263","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The global demand for clean and potable water continuously increased due to expanding population and pollution. Water contamination by anionic compounds, heavy metals, and other pollutants is growing globally and needs to be investigated to find proper strategies leading to improve water quality and reduce water scarcity. Several processes have been used to purify and renew water, but they each have limitations. Processes using membranes for water purification are promising. They found uses for environmental applications as molecular filters. This review aims to show the performance of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in membrane technologies to increase the knowledge of membrane-based water purification purposes. Through MD simulations, dynamic and static features of membrane separation systems can be evaluated on the atomic scale. This paper reviews recent developments in membrane-based wastewater treatment giving insights obtained from MD simulations. Also, the basics of MD, properties, mechanisms, and its limitations were discussed.","PeriodicalId":21744,"journal":{"name":"Separation & Purification Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90952420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2096472
Tian Han, Xueli Cao, Hairun Pei, C. Fan
ABSTRACT Countercurrent Chromatography (CCC), a form of liquid–liquid chromatography, is an efficient preparative purification technique used for purifying active natural compounds, specifically those present in plants. The CCC technique relies on the use of a suitable solvent system that can be chosen from diverse solvent options. The solvents, spanning a large polarity range and selected from different solvent families, are used for compound separation. The solvent system selection procedure is laborious and time-consuming. Different strategies, which can help simplify the method of analytical method development, have been proposed over the past 30 years. Herein, the solvent system selection strategies for the conventional CCC and pH-zone-refining CCC techniques, based on partition coefficient measurement, theoretical modeling or mathematical calculation, have been comprehensively reviewed, focusing on the operation procedures. This review aims to address the difficulties faced during the CCC experiments and provide guidelines that can help develop a highly efficient and simple CCC solvent system.
{"title":"Overview of Solvent System Selection Strategies for Countercurrent Chromatography","authors":"Tian Han, Xueli Cao, Hairun Pei, C. Fan","doi":"10.1080/15422119.2022.2096472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15422119.2022.2096472","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Countercurrent Chromatography (CCC), a form of liquid–liquid chromatography, is an efficient preparative purification technique used for purifying active natural compounds, specifically those present in plants. The CCC technique relies on the use of a suitable solvent system that can be chosen from diverse solvent options. The solvents, spanning a large polarity range and selected from different solvent families, are used for compound separation. The solvent system selection procedure is laborious and time-consuming. Different strategies, which can help simplify the method of analytical method development, have been proposed over the past 30 years. Herein, the solvent system selection strategies for the conventional CCC and pH-zone-refining CCC techniques, based on partition coefficient measurement, theoretical modeling or mathematical calculation, have been comprehensively reviewed, focusing on the operation procedures. This review aims to address the difficulties faced during the CCC experiments and provide guidelines that can help develop a highly efficient and simple CCC solvent system.","PeriodicalId":21744,"journal":{"name":"Separation & Purification Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90918615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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