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Epoxy Primer Coating Filled Microcrystalline Cellulose Treated with Silane Coupling Agent on Metal Substrate 金属基硅烷偶联剂处理的环氧底漆填充微晶纤维素
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.24191/srj.v20i1.21127
Zulaihani Ahmad
Epoxy resin was incorporated with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) for the production of the primer coating. Various sonication times were applied for the purpose of determining the ideal sonication period that provides the best barrier performance. The coatings were also added with various 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) loadings in order to improve the mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis was carried out to examine the chemical interactions and diffusion between MCC, APTES, and epoxy resin. After nine days of immersion in a 5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, the ideal sonication period was found to be 30 minutes, with no corrosion occurring aggressively and no flaking or blistering appears on the coating. The anti-corrosive qualities of the primer coating were eventually enhanced by the addition of MCC modified with APTES. The addition of APTES had improved the interaction between MCC and epoxy, hence achieving better compatibility and promoting a uniformly dispersed MCC throughout the epoxy resin matrix. The Tafel polarization results found that the addition of APTES up to 9% gave the lowest corrosion rate at 0.004 mm/year and the highest polarization resistances at 198.69 kꭥ. This is explained by the fact that enough MCC-APTES can serve as a physical barrier and obstruct the paths used by corrosive agent to diffuse. Therefore, the MCC-Epoxy treated APTES coupling agent for metal corrosion protection has thus been successfully created.
将环氧树脂与微晶纤维素(MCC)混合制备底漆。应用了不同的超声时间,以确定提供最佳屏障性能的理想超声时间。为了提高涂层的机械性能和耐腐蚀性,还在涂层中添加了不同的3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析了MCC、APTES和环氧树脂之间的化学相互作用和扩散。在5%氯化钠(NaCl)溶液中浸泡9天后,发现理想的超声时间为30分钟,涂层没有发生剧烈腐蚀,也没有出现剥落或起泡。添加经APTES改性的MCC后,底漆涂层的防腐性能得到了提高。APTES的加入改善了MCC与环氧树脂之间的相互作用,从而实现了更好的相容性,促进了MCC在整个环氧树脂基体中的均匀分散。Tafel极化结果发现,APTES添加量为9%时,腐蚀速率最低,为0.004 mm/年,极化电阻最高,为198.69 kꭥ。这是因为足够的MCC-APTES可以作为物理屏障,阻碍腐蚀剂扩散的路径。因此,mcc -环氧树脂处理的金属腐蚀防护用APTES偶联剂成功研制。
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引用次数: 0
Optical Properties of Cerium Oxide Doped Zinc Borotellurite Glass 氧化铈掺杂锌硼碲酸盐玻璃的光学性质
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.24191/srj.v20i1.19091
The addition of rare earth, zinc, and borate in tellurite glass was found can enhance the glass properties and overcome its existing weaknesses. These include improving the glass forming ability and stability. In this study, cerium-doped zinc borotellurite glasses were produced using conventional melt-quenching technique and the optical properties of the glasses were investigated. UV-VIS spectra show that the absorption edge shifted to a higher wavelength with CeO2 addition from 0 until 0.05 mol. Consequently, the direct and indirect optical band gap was found to decrease from 3.60 to 2.07 eV and 3.28 to 1.46 eV respectively. On the contrary, the refractive index was found to increase from 2.326 to 3.017. This is attributed to the presence of cerium ions and the formation of non-bridging oxygens. Besides that, the Urbach energy found to be maximum at 0.02 mol CeO2 and minimum at 0.00 mol CeO2. This indicates that there are some structural disorders occur in the glass network as CeO2 introduced into the system. The molar refraction, molar polarizability, oxide ion polarizability and optical basicity exhibited similar trend of data as the CeO2 content was increased which signifies the relation of these parameters. Meanwhile, the metallization criterion is reported to be decreased, indicating that the glass sample become more metallized with the addition of cerium oxide.
在碲酸盐玻璃中加入稀土、锌和硼酸盐可以提高玻璃的性能,克服其存在的缺点。这些措施包括提高玻璃成形能力和稳定性。本研究采用传统的熔融淬火工艺制备了掺铈硼碲酸锌玻璃,并对其光学性能进行了研究。紫外可见光谱表明,CeO2加入量从0 ~ 0.05 mol时,吸收边向更高的波长移动。直接带隙和间接带隙分别从3.60 eV减小到2.07 eV和3.28 eV减小到1.46 eV。相反,折射率从2.326增加到3.017。这是由于铈离子的存在和非桥接氧的形成。此外,在0.02 mol CeO2时Urbach能最大,在0.00 mol CeO2时最小。这表明当CeO2加入体系后,玻璃网络中出现了一些结构紊乱。随着CeO2含量的增加,摩尔折射率、摩尔极化率、氧化离子极化率和光学碱度数据呈现出相似的趋势,说明了这些参数之间的关系。同时,金属化判据降低,表明氧化铈的加入使玻璃样品的金属化程度提高。
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引用次数: 0
Fabrication and Characterization of Polyurethane/Graphene Composite: Study on Conductivity and Thermal Properties 聚氨酯/石墨烯复合材料的制备与表征:电导率和热性能研究
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.24191/srj.v20i1.20962
Sharifah Nafisah Syed Ismail
This study investigated the potential of graphene for improvement of properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (PU) composites in sight of thermal property, electrical conductivity, hardness, gel content and bonding spectra (FTIR). Polyurethane/graphene (PU/G) composites were synthesized by exfoliating graphene with DMF and then blending it with PEG and IPDI via in-situ addition polymerization with varying graphene concentrations (0–0.18 wt %), resulting in uniform dispersion and partial exfoliation of graphene-sheets in PU matrix. The PU/G synthesis was analyzed by IR spectra analysis, which revealed apparent urethane connections and hydrogen bonding. Glass transition temperature (Tg) property of PU exceeded by around 55 % with the addition of graphene, and it improved steadily as graphene concentration increased. 7B pencil hardness replicated the hardness of the PU/G2, indicating an improvement in hardness. The inclusion of graphene had less of an influence on the gel content of PU, with a proof showing that all of the results gel content was between 80 – 90 %. With the addition of 0.088 % graphene to PU, the electric conductivity improved to 76 %. The composite's conductivity was improved due to graphene's capacity to conduct electricity and the covalent link between PU and graphene.
本研究从热性能、电导率、硬度、凝胶含量和键合光谱(FTIR)等方面考察了石墨烯在改善热塑性聚氨酯(PU)复合材料性能方面的潜力。采用DMF将石墨烯剥落,再与不同浓度(0-0.18 wt %)的PEG和IPDI进行原位加成聚合,制备聚氨酯/石墨烯(PU/G)复合材料,使石墨烯片在PU基体中分散均匀,部分剥落。通过红外光谱分析分析了PU/G的合成过程,发现了明显的聚氨酯连接和氢键。随着石墨烯的加入,PU的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)性能提高了55%左右,并且随着石墨烯浓度的增加,PU的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)性能稳步提高。7B铅笔硬度与PU/G2的硬度相同,表明硬度有所提高。石墨烯的加入对PU凝胶含量的影响较小,证明所有结果的凝胶含量都在80 - 90%之间。在PU中添加0.088%的石墨烯,其电导率提高到76%。由于石墨烯的导电能力和PU与石墨烯之间的共价键,复合材料的导电性得到了提高。
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引用次数: 0
Physicochemical and adsorption properties of guava leaves-activated carbon by hydrochloric acid on adsorption of methylene blue 盐酸处理番石榴叶活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝的理化性质及吸附性能
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.24191/srj.v20i1.20669
Mohd Fauzi Abdullah
This study emphasizes the biomass waste which is dried guava leaves as a natural low-cost adsorbent precursor of activated carbon for methylene blue (MB) dye solution due to its high abundance and availability in Malaysia. MB dyes which were largely consumed by the textiles industry pose several hazardous complications on human health without proper wastewater treatment. Thus, adsorption for water treatment serves as a cost-effective method to adsorb the dyes using low-cost adsorbent from dried leaves biomass. The dried leaves underwent chemical activation with hydrochloric acid (HCl) with ratio 1:1 and were carbonized at 700 °C for an hour and then neutralized for characterization and batch adsorption study. The physicochemical properties of guava leaves HCl activated carbon (GL-HAC), was characterized using ash content, moisture content, bulk density and iodine number. Percentage yield of GL-HAC was apparently high at 89.90 %. The GL-HAC reported had relatively low percentage of ash content and moisture content. The bulk density of the activated carbon was also low at 1.6 g/mL. The iodine number was calculated at 339.9 mg/g. The pHPZC for GL-HAC was obtained at 4.3 indicating that this activated carbon is efficient for the removal of MB dye with the pH solution above the pHPZC value. The results of the FTIR study shows that the functional groups of hydroxyl, amine, carbonyl, and carboxylic acid are present in GL-HAC. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to determine the most favourable condition for the activated carbon to adsorb methylene blue dye. The operating variables studied were adsorbent dosage, initial pH of solution, initial dye concentration and contact time. The results revealed that the effect of initial concentration and contact time were directly proportional to the adsorption capacity of MB dyes on the activated carbon. Thus, this study has demonstrated the potential of dried guava leaves as low-cost precursor of activated carbon for the removal of MB dyes.
由于番石榴叶在马来西亚的高丰度和可得性,本研究强调将干燥的番石榴叶生物质废弃物作为亚甲基蓝(MB)染料溶液活性炭的天然低成本吸附前体。纺织业大量消耗的甲基溴染料如果没有适当的废水处理,会对人体健康造成一些危险的并发症。因此,水处理的吸附是一种经济有效的方法,利用干燥叶片生物质中的低成本吸附剂吸附染料。用1:1的盐酸(HCl)活化干叶,700℃炭化1h,中和后进行表征和批量吸附研究。采用灰分、水分、容重、碘值等指标对番石榴叶HCl活性炭(GL-HAC)的理化性质进行了表征。GL-HAC的产率高达89.90%。报告的GL-HAC灰分含量和水分含量相对较低。活性炭的容重也很低,为1.6 g/mL。碘值为339.9 mg/g。GL-HAC的pHPZC值为4.3,表明该活性炭在pH值高于pHPZC的溶液中对MB染料有较好的去除效果。FTIR研究结果表明,GL-HAC中存在羟基、胺、羰基和羧基等官能团。通过批量吸附实验,确定了活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝染料的最佳条件。研究了吸附剂用量、溶液初始pH、染料初始浓度和接触时间等操作变量。结果表明,初始浓度和接触时间与MB染料在活性炭上的吸附量成正比。因此,本研究证明了番石榴干叶作为活性炭去除MB染料的低成本前驱体的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Simulation of Anti-Reflective TiO2/SiO2 Coating for Silicon Photovoltaic Application by Ray Tracing 光迹法模拟光伏硅用抗反射TiO2/SiO2涂层
Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.24191/srj.v20i1.19056
Siti Hajar Mohmad Salleh
n solar systems, anti-reflective coatings are used to reduce reflection and increase efficiency. However, the front surface on the solar cells alone is not effective because most of the light from the sun is reflected and very less energy absorption into the solar cells occur. An anti-reflective coating (ARC) of a sufficient thickness can greatly reduce front surface reflectance. Nanoscale surface texturing, on the other hand, can efficiently capture a higher ratio of incident light to boost optical absorption. In this study, the light trapping scheme within the wavelength of 300 to 1200 nm was used to improve the overall efficiency of silicon solar cells. A thin layer of TiO2 and SiO2 anti-reflective coating with different thicknesses was stacked alternatingly due to their different refractive index with TiO2 having a high refractive index and SiO2 with a low refractive index. Solar irradiance spectrum AM1.5G at normal incidence was used in this present work. For the ray-tracing simulation, the front planar with multilayer ARC with different thicknesses were investigated to obtain the optimum value for optical properties and current density. All the four combination arrangements of SiO2 and TiO2 were evaluated and the maximum potential photocurrent density (Jmax) was calculated. The Jmax value of thin crystalline silicon, c-Si (without ARC) was 24.93 mA/cm2 and increased to 30.28 mA/cm2when ARC was used on the front surface. This represents an increasing of 21.46 % enhancement compared to the Jmax of the c-Si reference. Simulation of Anti-Reflective TiO2/SiO2 Coating for Silicon Photovoltaic Application by Ray TracingImran Al-Haqeem Bin Jaffar1, Siti Hajar Mohmad Salleh2*, Mohd Zaki Mohd Yusoff31,2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, Campus Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia3Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia*Corresponding author’s E-mail: sitiha2902@uitm.edu.myReceived: 08 August 2022 Accepted: 17 February 2023Online First: 17 March 2023
在太阳能系统中,使用抗反射涂层来减少反射并提高效率。然而,太阳能电池的前表面单独是无效的,因为大部分来自太阳的光被反射,很少有能量被吸收到太阳能电池中。足够厚度的减反射涂层可以大大降低前表面反射率。另一方面,纳米级表面纹理可以有效地捕获更高比例的入射光,从而提高光学吸收。在本研究中,为了提高硅太阳能电池的整体效率,采用了300 ~ 1200nm波长范围内的光捕获方案。由于TiO2和SiO2的折射率不同(TiO2折射率高,SiO2折射率低),将厚度不同的薄层TiO2和SiO2交替堆叠。本研究采用正入射太阳辐照光谱AM1.5G。在光线追踪模拟中,研究了具有不同厚度的多层电弧的前平面,以获得光学性能和电流密度的最佳值。对SiO2和TiO2的四种组合方式进行了评价,并计算了最大电位光电流密度(Jmax)。薄晶硅c-Si(无电弧)的Jmax值为24.93 mA/cm2,在前表面加电弧后,Jmax值提高到30.28 mA/cm2。与c-Si参考的Jmax相比,增加了21.46%。通过光线追踪模拟硅光伏应用中的抗反射TiO2/SiO2涂层imran Al-Haqeem Bin Jaffar1, Siti Hajar mohammad salle2 *, Mohd Zaki Mohd Yusoff31,2马来西亚玛拉理工大学应用科学学院,Cawangan Perlis, Campus Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia . 3马来西亚玛拉理工大学应用科学学院,40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia*通讯作者E-mail: sitiha2902@uitm.edu.myReceived: 2022年8月8日接收:2023年2月17日在线第一:2023年3月17日
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引用次数: 0
INCIDENTAL BACTERIAL IN HOUSE PLANTS AND FUNGAL DISEASES 室内植物偶发细菌和真菌病害
Pub Date : 2023-02-26 DOI: 10.36719/2789-6919/17/16-18
S. Abdullayeva
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引用次数: 0
GÜCLÜ TƏSİRLİ ZƏHƏRLƏYİCİ MADDƏLƏRDƏN ZƏHƏRLƏMƏLƏRDƏ İLKİN YARDIM
Pub Date : 2023-02-26 DOI: 10.36719/2789-6919/17/19-23
Rəşidə Bəşirova
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引用次数: 0
MONİTORİNQ TƏHSİLİN İDARƏ EDİLMƏSİNDƏ ƏSAS KOMPONENTLƏRDƏN BİRİ KİMİ
Pub Date : 2023-02-26 DOI: 10.36719/2789-6919/17/7-11
T. İbrahimova
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引用次数: 0
TƏRBİYƏ VƏ ŞƏXSİYYƏTİN İNKİŞAFI
Pub Date : 2023-02-26 DOI: 10.36719/2789-6919/17/12-15
Tutu Əsayeva
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引用次数: 0
TÜRKİYƏ MÜHİTİNİN CAVİD ROMANTİZMİNİN FORMALAŞMASINDA ROLU
Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.36719/2789-6919/18/16-18
Aynur İsgəndərova
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引用次数: 0
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