Concentrated solar power (CSP) as external energy input for biomass gasification can be regarded as an alternative process to convert solar energy into power or liquid fuel. In this study, ASPEN Pl...
{"title":"ASPEN plus simulation study of concentrated solar power and biomass gasification for co-production of power and liquid fuel","authors":"S. Ansari, Xinying Liu","doi":"10.1063/1.5117603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117603","url":null,"abstract":"Concentrated solar power (CSP) as external energy input for biomass gasification can be regarded as an alternative process to convert solar energy into power or liquid fuel. In this study, ASPEN Pl...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83606292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Muroyama, Iacopo Guscetti, Garrett L. Schieber, S. Haussener, P. Loutzenhiser
A continuous method of steam gasification through hybridization of a solar reactor with an autothermal gasification process is proposed and tested. The ability to autothermally gasify a carbonaceous feedstock within a solar reactor enables round-the-clock production of syngas regardless of solar transients. Associated changes in syngas composition and production rate are explored through equilibrium compositions. Partial feedstock combustion results in an associated drop in syngas quality, although H2 and CO are still the primary chemical constituents. Monte Carlo ray-trace modeling was performed to examine the effect of different prototype reactor configurations on heat flux distributions. A prototype reactor was fabricated and tested in a high-flux solar simulator, and time-averaged responses to different inlet conditions were analyzed. Product gas compositions resembled those predicted using equilibrium calculations. Cold gas ratio values greater than unity indicated energetic upgrade of the feedstock and the storage of simulated solar energy within the chemical bonds of the product gases.A continuous method of steam gasification through hybridization of a solar reactor with an autothermal gasification process is proposed and tested. The ability to autothermally gasify a carbonaceous feedstock within a solar reactor enables round-the-clock production of syngas regardless of solar transients. Associated changes in syngas composition and production rate are explored through equilibrium compositions. Partial feedstock combustion results in an associated drop in syngas quality, although H2 and CO are still the primary chemical constituents. Monte Carlo ray-trace modeling was performed to examine the effect of different prototype reactor configurations on heat flux distributions. A prototype reactor was fabricated and tested in a high-flux solar simulator, and time-averaged responses to different inlet conditions were analyzed. Product gas compositions resembled those predicted using equilibrium calculations. Cold gas ratio values greater than unity indicated energetic upgrade of the feedstock ...
{"title":"Steam gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks via a 1.5 kWth hybrid solar/autothermal reactor","authors":"A. Muroyama, Iacopo Guscetti, Garrett L. Schieber, S. Haussener, P. Loutzenhiser","doi":"10.1063/1.5117608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117608","url":null,"abstract":"A continuous method of steam gasification through hybridization of a solar reactor with an autothermal gasification process is proposed and tested. The ability to autothermally gasify a carbonaceous feedstock within a solar reactor enables round-the-clock production of syngas regardless of solar transients. Associated changes in syngas composition and production rate are explored through equilibrium compositions. Partial feedstock combustion results in an associated drop in syngas quality, although H2 and CO are still the primary chemical constituents. Monte Carlo ray-trace modeling was performed to examine the effect of different prototype reactor configurations on heat flux distributions. A prototype reactor was fabricated and tested in a high-flux solar simulator, and time-averaged responses to different inlet conditions were analyzed. Product gas compositions resembled those predicted using equilibrium calculations. Cold gas ratio values greater than unity indicated energetic upgrade of the feedstock and the storage of simulated solar energy within the chemical bonds of the product gases.A continuous method of steam gasification through hybridization of a solar reactor with an autothermal gasification process is proposed and tested. The ability to autothermally gasify a carbonaceous feedstock within a solar reactor enables round-the-clock production of syngas regardless of solar transients. Associated changes in syngas composition and production rate are explored through equilibrium compositions. Partial feedstock combustion results in an associated drop in syngas quality, although H2 and CO are still the primary chemical constituents. Monte Carlo ray-trace modeling was performed to examine the effect of different prototype reactor configurations on heat flux distributions. A prototype reactor was fabricated and tested in a high-flux solar simulator, and time-averaged responses to different inlet conditions were analyzed. Product gas compositions resembled those predicted using equilibrium calculations. Cold gas ratio values greater than unity indicated energetic upgrade of the feedstock ...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91533940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research focuses on investigating of a different and new design at the power block level for Concentrated solar power technology. Concentration solar power plants designs could profit from the maturity of power conversion cycle in particular Rankine and Organic Rankine cycles and previous developments on these cycles in terms or reliability and efficiency. It is however important to note that such cycles have generally been developed and built for fossil fuel power plants and/or biomass, waste heat and, in general, with heat sources of high stability and continuity. Solar irradiation presents the particularity of being highly variable during a single day and also throughout an entire year. The consequence of this is a lower average efficiency of the power cycle due to long time operation at partial load, and much more frequent turbine start-up and shut down particularly during unstable weather which may consume useful time, reduce production duration and affect systems durability. Hence, a solution could be the use of multiple small power units in parallel instead of a single larger one and profit from full or close to full load operation of a small power cycle avoiding the functioning at very low load or even below minimum operation load for larger cycles. The objective of the present work is then to identify the most efficient configurations of multiple power blocks for the case of a 1 MWe CSP-ORC plant and assess their impact on plant performance versus a single cycle configuration. This purpose of this project is to investigate the potential application of a new configuration featuring two turbines instead of one on the same power block for medium to large scale commercial power plants, aims at investigating possible improvements in the design of the plant which could be applied, if proven, to future projects in the CSP industry. For this purpose, a power plant of the order of 30-MW was developed using the software Ebsilon®professional in three different configurations: the first one has been designed in the conventional design with only one turbine rated 30 MW, the second design features two turbines in the same block respectively of 20-MW and 10-MW with a ratio of 2/3, and 1/3 of the total production of the plant. Finally, a configuration featuring two turbines of the same power rating as the second design with a 3-hours of indirect thermal energy storage using Molten Salts. The two different designs will be programmed though Ebsilon’s scripting Pascal language to have a specific control of the mass flow of the fluid that carries the heat, in order to be channeled and controlled in the most optimal way. This control comes after studying the changes and fluctuations of the weather, mainly the direct normal irradiance and the ambient temperature as they are the parameters that highly affect the harnessing of solar energy from CSP technology. A simulation of the weather data and the power production over hourly values of a full year in th
{"title":"Dual parallel turbines configuration of medium and large scale CSP steam power plants. Case study of a 30-MW medium scale CSP-ORC power plant","authors":"O. F. Fihri, E. Bennouna, H. Darhmaoui, A. Mouaky","doi":"10.1063/1.5117623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117623","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on investigating of a different and new design at the power block level for Concentrated solar power technology. Concentration solar power plants designs could profit from the maturity of power conversion cycle in particular Rankine and Organic Rankine cycles and previous developments on these cycles in terms or reliability and efficiency. It is however important to note that such cycles have generally been developed and built for fossil fuel power plants and/or biomass, waste heat and, in general, with heat sources of high stability and continuity. Solar irradiation presents the particularity of being highly variable during a single day and also throughout an entire year. The consequence of this is a lower average efficiency of the power cycle due to long time operation at partial load, and much more frequent turbine start-up and shut down particularly during unstable weather which may consume useful time, reduce production duration and affect systems durability. Hence, a solution could be the use of multiple small power units in parallel instead of a single larger one and profit from full or close to full load operation of a small power cycle avoiding the functioning at very low load or even below minimum operation load for larger cycles. The objective of the present work is then to identify the most efficient configurations of multiple power blocks for the case of a 1 MWe CSP-ORC plant and assess their impact on plant performance versus a single cycle configuration. This purpose of this project is to investigate the potential application of a new configuration featuring two turbines instead of one on the same power block for medium to large scale commercial power plants, aims at investigating possible improvements in the design of the plant which could be applied, if proven, to future projects in the CSP industry. For this purpose, a power plant of the order of 30-MW was developed using the software Ebsilon®professional in three different configurations: the first one has been designed in the conventional design with only one turbine rated 30 MW, the second design features two turbines in the same block respectively of 20-MW and 10-MW with a ratio of 2/3, and 1/3 of the total production of the plant. Finally, a configuration featuring two turbines of the same power rating as the second design with a 3-hours of indirect thermal energy storage using Molten Salts. The two different designs will be programmed though Ebsilon’s scripting Pascal language to have a specific control of the mass flow of the fluid that carries the heat, in order to be channeled and controlled in the most optimal way. This control comes after studying the changes and fluctuations of the weather, mainly the direct normal irradiance and the ambient temperature as they are the parameters that highly affect the harnessing of solar energy from CSP technology. A simulation of the weather data and the power production over hourly values of a full year in th","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85973683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Gokon, Aoi Nishizawa, Takehiro Yawata, Selvan Bellan, T. Kodama, Hyun-Seok Cho
Fe-doped manganese oxides for solar thermochemical storage are studied using thermogravimetric reactor in a laboratory scale. The operation process of Fe-doped Mn2O3/Mn3O4 redox pair for two-step thermochemical cycle are optimized from the viewpoint of redox temperatures and thermochemical storage capacity, and the impact of operation temperatures on redox performances were experimentally evaluated. In addition, the thermochemical storage potentials of some Fe-X-doped manganese oxides are examined with regards to reaction rate, short-term cycling stability, storage capacity and redox temperatures.Fe-doped manganese oxides for solar thermochemical storage are studied using thermogravimetric reactor in a laboratory scale. The operation process of Fe-doped Mn2O3/Mn3O4 redox pair for two-step thermochemical cycle are optimized from the viewpoint of redox temperatures and thermochemical storage capacity, and the impact of operation temperatures on redox performances were experimentally evaluated. In addition, the thermochemical storage potentials of some Fe-X-doped manganese oxides are examined with regards to reaction rate, short-term cycling stability, storage capacity and redox temperatures.
{"title":"Fe-doped manganese oxide redox material for thermochemical energy storage at high-temperatures","authors":"N. Gokon, Aoi Nishizawa, Takehiro Yawata, Selvan Bellan, T. Kodama, Hyun-Seok Cho","doi":"10.1063/1.5117752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117752","url":null,"abstract":"Fe-doped manganese oxides for solar thermochemical storage are studied using thermogravimetric reactor in a laboratory scale. The operation process of Fe-doped Mn2O3/Mn3O4 redox pair for two-step thermochemical cycle are optimized from the viewpoint of redox temperatures and thermochemical storage capacity, and the impact of operation temperatures on redox performances were experimentally evaluated. In addition, the thermochemical storage potentials of some Fe-X-doped manganese oxides are examined with regards to reaction rate, short-term cycling stability, storage capacity and redox temperatures.Fe-doped manganese oxides for solar thermochemical storage are studied using thermogravimetric reactor in a laboratory scale. The operation process of Fe-doped Mn2O3/Mn3O4 redox pair for two-step thermochemical cycle are optimized from the viewpoint of redox temperatures and thermochemical storage capacity, and the impact of operation temperatures on redox performances were experimentally evaluated. In addition, the thermochemical storage potentials of some Fe-X-doped manganese oxides are examined with regards to reaction rate, short-term cycling stability, storage capacity and redox temperatures.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81656308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Pérez, M. Miguel, M. I. Lasanta, V. Encinas-Sánchez, G. García-Martin, Rubén De Arriba
This research aims to study the degradation and the changes in physicochemical properties of a ternary molten salt mixture, commercially known as Hitec, in contact with a nitrogen and an air atmosphere. The degradation of the salt was determined by chemical analysis of the NO3- and NO2- anions and DSC determination of the melting and freezing point of the mixture. To this end, isothermal tests at 500 °C were performed for 1000 h. A deeper study of the evolution of the salt under air atmosphere was carried out until 2000 h. It was found that the mixture properties studied remain invariable when it was operated under N2 atmosphere. The use of atmospheric air resulted in a progressive increase in melting and freezing points due to the nitrite transformation to nitrate. The effect of the degradation could be observed in the early hours of the test and after 2000 h of test, the system had not reached and steady state and the degradation progress was still ongoing.This research aims to study the degradation and the changes in physicochemical properties of a ternary molten salt mixture, commercially known as Hitec, in contact with a nitrogen and an air atmosphere. The degradation of the salt was determined by chemical analysis of the NO3- and NO2- anions and DSC determination of the melting and freezing point of the mixture. To this end, isothermal tests at 500 °C were performed for 1000 h. A deeper study of the evolution of the salt under air atmosphere was carried out until 2000 h. It was found that the mixture properties studied remain invariable when it was operated under N2 atmosphere. The use of atmospheric air resulted in a progressive increase in melting and freezing points due to the nitrite transformation to nitrate. The effect of the degradation could be observed in the early hours of the test and after 2000 h of test, the system had not reached and steady state and the degradation progress was still ongoing.
{"title":"Degradation of a commercial ternary molten salt under various atmospheres for CSP applications","authors":"F. Pérez, M. Miguel, M. I. Lasanta, V. Encinas-Sánchez, G. García-Martin, Rubén De Arriba","doi":"10.1063/1.5117742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117742","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to study the degradation and the changes in physicochemical properties of a ternary molten salt mixture, commercially known as Hitec, in contact with a nitrogen and an air atmosphere. The degradation of the salt was determined by chemical analysis of the NO3- and NO2- anions and DSC determination of the melting and freezing point of the mixture. To this end, isothermal tests at 500 °C were performed for 1000 h. A deeper study of the evolution of the salt under air atmosphere was carried out until 2000 h. It was found that the mixture properties studied remain invariable when it was operated under N2 atmosphere. The use of atmospheric air resulted in a progressive increase in melting and freezing points due to the nitrite transformation to nitrate. The effect of the degradation could be observed in the early hours of the test and after 2000 h of test, the system had not reached and steady state and the degradation progress was still ongoing.This research aims to study the degradation and the changes in physicochemical properties of a ternary molten salt mixture, commercially known as Hitec, in contact with a nitrogen and an air atmosphere. The degradation of the salt was determined by chemical analysis of the NO3- and NO2- anions and DSC determination of the melting and freezing point of the mixture. To this end, isothermal tests at 500 °C were performed for 1000 h. A deeper study of the evolution of the salt under air atmosphere was carried out until 2000 h. It was found that the mixture properties studied remain invariable when it was operated under N2 atmosphere. The use of atmospheric air resulted in a progressive increase in melting and freezing points due to the nitrite transformation to nitrate. The effect of the degradation could be observed in the early hours of the test and after 2000 h of test, the system had not reached and steady state and the degradation progress was still ongoing.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84073912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Fernández-García, E. Aranzabe, Itziar Azpitarte, F. Sutter, L. Martínez-Arcos, T. J. Reche-Navarro, Gema Pérez, J. Ubach
Anti-soiling coatings for solar reflectors are one of the most useful technical tools to reduce the amount of soiling accumulated on the reflector surfaces, contributing to reduce the water consumption and to increase efficiency in concentrating solar fields. A new anti-soiling coating formulation based on the hydrophilic effect has been recently developed by Tekniker and Rioglass. Reflector samples with this innovative coating were assessed through an accelerated aging test campaign as well as an outdoor exposition at the PSA by CIEMAT and DLR. According to the results obtained, the coating exhibited an appropriate behavior, which implies that the new product represents a promising solution to reduce water consumption.
{"title":"Durability testing of a newly developed hydrophilic anti-soiling coating for solar reflectors","authors":"A. Fernández-García, E. Aranzabe, Itziar Azpitarte, F. Sutter, L. Martínez-Arcos, T. J. Reche-Navarro, Gema Pérez, J. Ubach","doi":"10.1063/1.5117665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117665","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-soiling coatings for solar reflectors are one of the most useful technical tools to reduce the amount of soiling accumulated on the reflector surfaces, contributing to reduce the water consumption and to increase efficiency in concentrating solar fields. A new anti-soiling coating formulation based on the hydrophilic effect has been recently developed by Tekniker and Rioglass. Reflector samples with this innovative coating were assessed through an accelerated aging test campaign as well as an outdoor exposition at the PSA by CIEMAT and DLR. According to the results obtained, the coating exhibited an appropriate behavior, which implies that the new product represents a promising solution to reduce water consumption.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84076409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ho, Gregory Peacock, J. Christian, Kevin Albrecht, J. Yellowhair, D. Ray
This paper describes on-sun testing of an automated system that controls the particle mass flow and outlet temperature in a high-temperature falling particle receiver. A slide gate with a linear actuator was designed and implemented in a closed-loop feedback system that varied the particle mass flow rate to maintain a desired bulk particle outlet temperature. The system was designed to operate at high temperatures (>700 °C) and relatively large mass flow rates (∼1 - 10 kg/s and higher). On-sun tests were performed at different irradiances, particle inlet temperatures, and particle mass flow rates. Results showed that the automated system could maintain desired particle outlet temperatures from ∼300 – 650 °C for most test conditions. During significant flux perturbations, oscillations (or ringing) about the desired setpoint temperature was observed, which is common for simple proportional control systems. Future studies will investigate more advanced proportional integral derivative methods to dampen the oscillations and provide tighter controls. Particle temperature rise and thermal efficiency were also measured during the on-sun tests and are reported. Finally, the particle mass flow rate as a function of slide-gate aperture and particle temperature was measured, and a new correlation was derived.
{"title":"On-sun testing of a 1 MWt particle receiver with automated particle mass-flow and temperature control","authors":"C. Ho, Gregory Peacock, J. Christian, Kevin Albrecht, J. Yellowhair, D. Ray","doi":"10.1063/1.5117539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117539","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes on-sun testing of an automated system that controls the particle mass flow and outlet temperature in a high-temperature falling particle receiver. A slide gate with a linear actuator was designed and implemented in a closed-loop feedback system that varied the particle mass flow rate to maintain a desired bulk particle outlet temperature. The system was designed to operate at high temperatures (>700 °C) and relatively large mass flow rates (∼1 - 10 kg/s and higher). On-sun tests were performed at different irradiances, particle inlet temperatures, and particle mass flow rates. Results showed that the automated system could maintain desired particle outlet temperatures from ∼300 – 650 °C for most test conditions. During significant flux perturbations, oscillations (or ringing) about the desired setpoint temperature was observed, which is common for simple proportional control systems. Future studies will investigate more advanced proportional integral derivative methods to dampen the oscillations and provide tighter controls. Particle temperature rise and thermal efficiency were also measured during the on-sun tests and are reported. Finally, the particle mass flow rate as a function of slide-gate aperture and particle temperature was measured, and a new correlation was derived.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81290146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erik Koepf, S. Zoller, S. Luque, J. González-Aguilar, M. Romero, A. Steinfeld
The SUN-to-LIQUID project aims to demonstrate a pre-commercial scale liquid solar fuels production facility in Mostoles, Spain. Development of the solar reactor and power delivery technology are critical to the success of the project. Ultra-modular heliostats are densely packed in front of a 15 m high solar tower and can deliver concentrated solar radiation in excess of 3,000 kW/m2. Two solar receiver vessels are install on the tower; the east installation contains a water calorimeter, and the west installation contains the solar reactor, comprised primarily of the ceria reticulated porous ceramic (RPC) structures. The ceria RPC reactor has been successfully scaled up from 4 kW and commissioning tests were performed in a high flux solar simulator. In the solar tower, a flux measurement system combined with a water calorimeter are used to calibrate the method to determine solar power entering the aperture of the solar reactor. Here we report on progress in the commissioning of the two primary sub-systems of the facility, the heliostat field and the solar reactor.The SUN-to-LIQUID project aims to demonstrate a pre-commercial scale liquid solar fuels production facility in Mostoles, Spain. Development of the solar reactor and power delivery technology are critical to the success of the project. Ultra-modular heliostats are densely packed in front of a 15 m high solar tower and can deliver concentrated solar radiation in excess of 3,000 kW/m2. Two solar receiver vessels are install on the tower; the east installation contains a water calorimeter, and the west installation contains the solar reactor, comprised primarily of the ceria reticulated porous ceramic (RPC) structures. The ceria RPC reactor has been successfully scaled up from 4 kW and commissioning tests were performed in a high flux solar simulator. In the solar tower, a flux measurement system combined with a water calorimeter are used to calibrate the method to determine solar power entering the aperture of the solar reactor. Here we report on progress in the commissioning of the two primary sub-systems o...
{"title":"Liquid fuels from concentrated sunlight: An overview on development and integration of a 50 kW solar thermochemical reactor and high concentration solar field for the SUN-to-LIQUID project","authors":"Erik Koepf, S. Zoller, S. Luque, J. González-Aguilar, M. Romero, A. Steinfeld","doi":"10.1063/1.5117692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117692","url":null,"abstract":"The SUN-to-LIQUID project aims to demonstrate a pre-commercial scale liquid solar fuels production facility in Mostoles, Spain. Development of the solar reactor and power delivery technology are critical to the success of the project. Ultra-modular heliostats are densely packed in front of a 15 m high solar tower and can deliver concentrated solar radiation in excess of 3,000 kW/m2. Two solar receiver vessels are install on the tower; the east installation contains a water calorimeter, and the west installation contains the solar reactor, comprised primarily of the ceria reticulated porous ceramic (RPC) structures. The ceria RPC reactor has been successfully scaled up from 4 kW and commissioning tests were performed in a high flux solar simulator. In the solar tower, a flux measurement system combined with a water calorimeter are used to calibrate the method to determine solar power entering the aperture of the solar reactor. Here we report on progress in the commissioning of the two primary sub-systems of the facility, the heliostat field and the solar reactor.The SUN-to-LIQUID project aims to demonstrate a pre-commercial scale liquid solar fuels production facility in Mostoles, Spain. Development of the solar reactor and power delivery technology are critical to the success of the project. Ultra-modular heliostats are densely packed in front of a 15 m high solar tower and can deliver concentrated solar radiation in excess of 3,000 kW/m2. Two solar receiver vessels are install on the tower; the east installation contains a water calorimeter, and the west installation contains the solar reactor, comprised primarily of the ceria reticulated porous ceramic (RPC) structures. The ceria RPC reactor has been successfully scaled up from 4 kW and commissioning tests were performed in a high flux solar simulator. In the solar tower, a flux measurement system combined with a water calorimeter are used to calibrate the method to determine solar power entering the aperture of the solar reactor. Here we report on progress in the commissioning of the two primary sub-systems o...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83874762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corrosion of molten salt thermal energy storage system containment materials is an important factor for system lifetime. To date there is a limited volume of work on the effects of mechanical stress on high temperature corrosion behaviour in molten salts. This study presents a method for investigating the effects of mechanical stress on the high temperature corrosion behaviour in Na2CO3/NaCl and Na2SO4/NaCl eutectic salts. Comparison of the results indicated stress resulted in a greater level of corrosion. In Na2SO4/NaCl the stress resulted in oxidation through the entire metal sample. A possible mechanism for this is inward sulphidation via grain boundaries. Future detailed work should be performed to further characterise and quantify the effects of stress on high temperature corrosion in molten salt.
{"title":"Effects of mechanical stress on high temperature corrosion in molten salt","authors":"S. Bell, D. Stoker, G. Will, T. Steinberg","doi":"10.1063/1.5117720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117720","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion of molten salt thermal energy storage system containment materials is an important factor for system lifetime. To date there is a limited volume of work on the effects of mechanical stress on high temperature corrosion behaviour in molten salts. This study presents a method for investigating the effects of mechanical stress on the high temperature corrosion behaviour in Na2CO3/NaCl and Na2SO4/NaCl eutectic salts. Comparison of the results indicated stress resulted in a greater level of corrosion. In Na2SO4/NaCl the stress resulted in oxidation through the entire metal sample. A possible mechanism for this is inward sulphidation via grain boundaries. Future detailed work should be performed to further characterise and quantify the effects of stress on high temperature corrosion in molten salt.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82670368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Almond, X. Tonnellier, C. Sansom, M. Pearce, N. Sengar
. We describe the design of a small-scale parabolic trough with a high-pressure absorber bundle to convert microalgae into bio-oil. The “proof-of-concept” system uses an existing Global CSP solar captor, with its reflectance enhanced by the addition of Skyfuel® ReflecTech Plus polymer film and has its original receiver tube replaced by a novel high-pressure multi-tube absorber and reactor. Initial results obtained at Kota University in Rajasthan, India demonstrated that temperatures up to 320 ˚ C are possible, and a bio-oil, similar to palm oil, was extracted from the reactor.
{"title":"The design and modification of a parabolic trough system for the hydrothermal liquefaction of waste","authors":"H. Almond, X. Tonnellier, C. Sansom, M. Pearce, N. Sengar","doi":"10.1063/1.5117619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117619","url":null,"abstract":". We describe the design of a small-scale parabolic trough with a high-pressure absorber bundle to convert microalgae into bio-oil. The “proof-of-concept” system uses an existing Global CSP solar captor, with its reflectance enhanced by the addition of Skyfuel® ReflecTech Plus polymer film and has its original receiver tube replaced by a novel high-pressure multi-tube absorber and reactor. Initial results obtained at Kota University in Rajasthan, India demonstrated that temperatures up to 320 ˚ C are possible, and a bio-oil, similar to palm oil, was extracted from the reactor.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89879728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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