Third-generation (Gen3) concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies require a thermally stable and inexpensive fluid to be used for heat transfer and thermal energy storage. For Gen3 CSP plants, a molten salt composed of MgCl2 – KCl – NaCl is a new candidate, but it is familiar enough to plants with existing molten-salt systems. To determine the best composition for the heat-transfer fluid, we mixed nine different ratios of the salts, dry/purified them following strict protocols, and tested them with a differential scanning calorimeter and a thermogravimetric analyzer. Our results showed that the lowest melting and solidification temperature of 385°C ± 1°C was determined for the eutectic composition 44.7 MgCl2 – 25.8 KCl – 29.4 NaCl (mol.%). We determined that improper handling and preparation of the salt mixture highly affects its thermal properties because of moisture absorption. Preparation standards—particularly the dehydration of hydrous MgCl2—merit further development.
{"title":"Molten chloride technology pathway to meet the U.S. DOE sunshot initiative with Gen3 CSP","authors":"J. Vidal, Noah Klammer","doi":"10.1063/1.5117601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117601","url":null,"abstract":"Third-generation (Gen3) concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies require a thermally stable and inexpensive fluid to be used for heat transfer and thermal energy storage. For Gen3 CSP plants, a molten salt composed of MgCl2 – KCl – NaCl is a new candidate, but it is familiar enough to plants with existing molten-salt systems. To determine the best composition for the heat-transfer fluid, we mixed nine different ratios of the salts, dry/purified them following strict protocols, and tested them with a differential scanning calorimeter and a thermogravimetric analyzer. Our results showed that the lowest melting and solidification temperature of 385°C ± 1°C was determined for the eutectic composition 44.7 MgCl2 – 25.8 KCl – 29.4 NaCl (mol.%). We determined that improper handling and preparation of the salt mixture highly affects its thermal properties because of moisture absorption. Preparation standards—particularly the dehydration of hydrous MgCl2—merit further development.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89972674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Sutter, A. Fernández-García, A. Heimsath, M. Montecchi, C. Pelayo
The precise measurement of the reflected energy from a solar reflector to the receiver is a challenging task because of its dependency on three different parameters: the wavelength of the incident light, its incidence angle and the acceptance angle of the receiver. Up to today, the commonly employed measurement equipment is not able to fully characterize the mirrors in the required range of parameters which is relevant for CSP. Within this work, four reflectometers were upgraded to overcome the current drawbacks. A Round Robin test among the different characterization methods has been carried out on four reflector materials. The conclusions drawn from the comparison of the measurement results help to improve the current SolarPACES Reflectance Guideline.The precise measurement of the reflected energy from a solar reflector to the receiver is a challenging task because of its dependency on three different parameters: the wavelength of the incident light, its incidence angle and the acceptance angle of the receiver. Up to today, the commonly employed measurement equipment is not able to fully characterize the mirrors in the required range of parameters which is relevant for CSP. Within this work, four reflectometers were upgraded to overcome the current drawbacks. A Round Robin test among the different characterization methods has been carried out on four reflector materials. The conclusions drawn from the comparison of the measurement results help to improve the current SolarPACES Reflectance Guideline.
{"title":"Advanced measurement techniques to characterize the near-specular reflectance of solar mirrors","authors":"F. Sutter, A. Fernández-García, A. Heimsath, M. Montecchi, C. Pelayo","doi":"10.1063/1.5117618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117618","url":null,"abstract":"The precise measurement of the reflected energy from a solar reflector to the receiver is a challenging task because of its dependency on three different parameters: the wavelength of the incident light, its incidence angle and the acceptance angle of the receiver. Up to today, the commonly employed measurement equipment is not able to fully characterize the mirrors in the required range of parameters which is relevant for CSP. Within this work, four reflectometers were upgraded to overcome the current drawbacks. A Round Robin test among the different characterization methods has been carried out on four reflector materials. The conclusions drawn from the comparison of the measurement results help to improve the current SolarPACES Reflectance Guideline.The precise measurement of the reflected energy from a solar reflector to the receiver is a challenging task because of its dependency on three different parameters: the wavelength of the incident light, its incidence angle and the acceptance angle of the receiver. Up to today, the commonly employed measurement equipment is not able to fully characterize the mirrors in the required range of parameters which is relevant for CSP. Within this work, four reflectometers were upgraded to overcome the current drawbacks. A Round Robin test among the different characterization methods has been carried out on four reflector materials. The conclusions drawn from the comparison of the measurement results help to improve the current SolarPACES Reflectance Guideline.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81962413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molten salt eutectics have potential applications in Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems as Phase Change Materials (PCMs), however eutectic salts with melting temperatures above 400°C are highly corrosive under air atmospheres. A method for testing under inert atmosphere is presented and results from testing under isothermal and thermal cycling conditions for two salts (NaCl/Na2CO3 and NaCl/Na2SO4) with melting temperatures of around 630°C are discussed. Chromium oxides were present at the salt/metal interface whilst iron and nickel remained in metal phase.
{"title":"Corrosion testing under inert atmosphere with stainless steel crucibles","authors":"S. Bell, G. Will, T. Steinberg","doi":"10.1063/1.5117719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117719","url":null,"abstract":"Molten salt eutectics have potential applications in Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems as Phase Change Materials (PCMs), however eutectic salts with melting temperatures above 400°C are highly corrosive under air atmospheres. A method for testing under inert atmosphere is presented and results from testing under isothermal and thermal cycling conditions for two salts (NaCl/Na2CO3 and NaCl/Na2SO4) with melting temperatures of around 630°C are discussed. Chromium oxides were present at the salt/metal interface whilst iron and nickel remained in metal phase.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90388597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youssef Benmakhlouf, R. Guédez, Jonas Wallmander, Björn Laumert
This study presents a methodology to quantify the market potential for a novel distributed CSP technology with thermal energy technology. The system in question relies on the Stirling engine for power production, which is fed by heat collected from a heliostat field and stored in an integrated latent heat storage unit. Selected countries in the MENA region are investigated to identify best prospective business cases for such a technology. With a global market potential above 40 GW in the whole MENA, industrial sectors such as mining and cement hold the best prospects in terms of market share. The achievable costs of generation vary depending on the DNI of the sites considered but prove to be lower compared with conventional distributed generation (diesel gensets or PV-BEES). However, several countries in the MENA, although having high DNI resource, still offer low electricity utility prices to industrial customers for distributed CSP to become competitive with on-grid electricity procurement. A scenario analysis coupled with a multi criteria selection of the optimal business case quantifies the amount of subsidies necessary to reach competitiveness.This study presents a methodology to quantify the market potential for a novel distributed CSP technology with thermal energy technology. The system in question relies on the Stirling engine for power production, which is fed by heat collected from a heliostat field and stored in an integrated latent heat storage unit. Selected countries in the MENA region are investigated to identify best prospective business cases for such a technology. With a global market potential above 40 GW in the whole MENA, industrial sectors such as mining and cement hold the best prospects in terms of market share. The achievable costs of generation vary depending on the DNI of the sites considered but prove to be lower compared with conventional distributed generation (diesel gensets or PV-BEES). However, several countries in the MENA, although having high DNI resource, still offer low electricity utility prices to industrial customers for distributed CSP to become competitive with on-grid electricity procurement. A scenario a...
{"title":"A methodology to assess the market potential and identify most promising business cases for small scale CSP plants with thermal energy storage","authors":"Youssef Benmakhlouf, R. Guédez, Jonas Wallmander, Björn Laumert","doi":"10.1063/1.5117643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117643","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a methodology to quantify the market potential for a novel distributed CSP technology with thermal energy technology. The system in question relies on the Stirling engine for power production, which is fed by heat collected from a heliostat field and stored in an integrated latent heat storage unit. Selected countries in the MENA region are investigated to identify best prospective business cases for such a technology. With a global market potential above 40 GW in the whole MENA, industrial sectors such as mining and cement hold the best prospects in terms of market share. The achievable costs of generation vary depending on the DNI of the sites considered but prove to be lower compared with conventional distributed generation (diesel gensets or PV-BEES). However, several countries in the MENA, although having high DNI resource, still offer low electricity utility prices to industrial customers for distributed CSP to become competitive with on-grid electricity procurement. A scenario analysis coupled with a multi criteria selection of the optimal business case quantifies the amount of subsidies necessary to reach competitiveness.This study presents a methodology to quantify the market potential for a novel distributed CSP technology with thermal energy technology. The system in question relies on the Stirling engine for power production, which is fed by heat collected from a heliostat field and stored in an integrated latent heat storage unit. Selected countries in the MENA region are investigated to identify best prospective business cases for such a technology. With a global market potential above 40 GW in the whole MENA, industrial sectors such as mining and cement hold the best prospects in terms of market share. The achievable costs of generation vary depending on the DNI of the sites considered but prove to be lower compared with conventional distributed generation (diesel gensets or PV-BEES). However, several countries in the MENA, although having high DNI resource, still offer low electricity utility prices to industrial customers for distributed CSP to become competitive with on-grid electricity procurement. A scenario a...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88807676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of a hypothesized concentrated solar power (CSP) tower plant with molten salt thermal energy storage (TES) located in the Atacama Desert in Chile with the aim of serving as input for the Solar Committee to better establish public policy programs to increase the competitiveness of CSP in Chile. The study focuses on an optimal plant in terms of size and configuration for expected conditions of the Chilean electricity market in 2018 and 2030. An ideal CSP+TES configuration to complement the electricity pool market from a grid point of view was obtained for each year. An exergetic study was performed for each configuration under assumed annual operation conditions and a thermos-economic analysis was done considering specific costs per component. Thermo-economic indicators were obtained allowing to define a priority hierarchy of specific techno-economical improvements that can be done at plant and component level to maximize the competitiveness of CSP projects in the Chilean market. A sensitivity analysis was performed obtaining the impact of efficiency improvements and capex reductions per component on the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The maximum allowable trade-off limit for each technical improvement (capex increase or plant factor reduction) was calculated.
{"title":"A thermo-economic assessment of CSP+TES in the north of Chile for current and future grid scenarios","authors":"F. Gallardo, L. Pratticò, C. Toro","doi":"10.1063/1.5117535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117535","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of a hypothesized concentrated solar power (CSP) tower plant with molten salt thermal energy storage (TES) located in the Atacama Desert in Chile with the aim of serving as input for the Solar Committee to better establish public policy programs to increase the competitiveness of CSP in Chile. The study focuses on an optimal plant in terms of size and configuration for expected conditions of the Chilean electricity market in 2018 and 2030. An ideal CSP+TES configuration to complement the electricity pool market from a grid point of view was obtained for each year. An exergetic study was performed for each configuration under assumed annual operation conditions and a thermos-economic analysis was done considering specific costs per component. Thermo-economic indicators were obtained allowing to define a priority hierarchy of specific techno-economical improvements that can be done at plant and component level to maximize the competitiveness of CSP projects in the Chilean market. A sensitivity analysis was performed obtaining the impact of efficiency improvements and capex reductions per component on the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). The maximum allowable trade-off limit for each technical improvement (capex increase or plant factor reduction) was calculated.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87474823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ridha Harzallah, M. Larnicol, C. Leclercq, Alexandre Herbein, F. Campana
In order to improve the efficiency of a solar receiver, the operating temperature has to be increased, from 500°C in the 1st generation (direct steam generation solar receivers) to 700°C in the current generation (molten salt solar receivers) and up to more than 800°C in the next generation (higher temperature molten salt solar receivers). This very high operating temperature requires the employment of a solar absorber coating showing high optical performances and good stability at high temperature in order to guarantee the nominal solar receiver performances. The absorber coating currently used exhibits lower performances at such temperatures. For this reason, the development of a new absorber coating having the required high performances at high temperature is sought. The development of high performances (high solar absorbance and high lifetime) solar absorber coatings is one of the developments programs which CMI has been working on for several years in order to increase the performances and reliability of its Solar Receiver and to keep a leadership in the very competitive CSP market. The results of these developments are two new solar absorber coatings: the first one is a high performance “Silicon-based Black Paint”, which will provide high absorptance (97.2% vs 96.2% for current technology) with an increased efficiency of the solar receiver and an increased lifetime (3 years) and the second one is a patented “Plasma Sprayed Coating” that will provide good optical performances (similar absorptance and lower emissivity than current technology) with higher durability (>3 years) useful in the next generation of solar receivers.
{"title":"Development of high performances solar absorber coatings","authors":"Ridha Harzallah, M. Larnicol, C. Leclercq, Alexandre Herbein, F. Campana","doi":"10.1063/1.5117538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117538","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve the efficiency of a solar receiver, the operating temperature has to be increased, from 500°C in the 1st generation (direct steam generation solar receivers) to 700°C in the current generation (molten salt solar receivers) and up to more than 800°C in the next generation (higher temperature molten salt solar receivers). This very high operating temperature requires the employment of a solar absorber coating showing high optical performances and good stability at high temperature in order to guarantee the nominal solar receiver performances. The absorber coating currently used exhibits lower performances at such temperatures. For this reason, the development of a new absorber coating having the required high performances at high temperature is sought. The development of high performances (high solar absorbance and high lifetime) solar absorber coatings is one of the developments programs which CMI has been working on for several years in order to increase the performances and reliability of its Solar Receiver and to keep a leadership in the very competitive CSP market. The results of these developments are two new solar absorber coatings: the first one is a high performance “Silicon-based Black Paint”, which will provide high absorptance (97.2% vs 96.2% for current technology) with an increased efficiency of the solar receiver and an increased lifetime (3 years) and the second one is a patented “Plasma Sprayed Coating” that will provide good optical performances (similar absorptance and lower emissivity than current technology) with higher durability (>3 years) useful in the next generation of solar receivers.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86855370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incorporation of renewable energy sources in high temperature industrial processes has the potential to reduce energy costs as well as greenhouse gas emissions. The current study forms part of an evaluation of the opportunities to integrate concentrating solar thermal energy into the sintering of manganese ores. The study includes the results of direct irradiation of manganese ore pellets with concentrating solar flux in combination with the closed-loop forced convection of air. The results of this study will be of interest to the fields of high temperature solar thermal process heat and solar thermal materials processing as well as manganese ore sinter production.The incorporation of renewable energy sources in high temperature industrial processes has the potential to reduce energy costs as well as greenhouse gas emissions. The current study forms part of an evaluation of the opportunities to integrate concentrating solar thermal energy into the sintering of manganese ores. The study includes the results of direct irradiation of manganese ore pellets with concentrating solar flux in combination with the closed-loop forced convection of air. The results of this study will be of interest to the fields of high temperature solar thermal process heat and solar thermal materials processing as well as manganese ore sinter production.
{"title":"The solar thermal treatment of manganese ore pellets using closed-loop forced convection of air","authors":"L. Hockaday, F. Dinter, T. Harms, Q. Reynolds","doi":"10.1063/1.5117659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117659","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of renewable energy sources in high temperature industrial processes has the potential to reduce energy costs as well as greenhouse gas emissions. The current study forms part of an evaluation of the opportunities to integrate concentrating solar thermal energy into the sintering of manganese ores. The study includes the results of direct irradiation of manganese ore pellets with concentrating solar flux in combination with the closed-loop forced convection of air. The results of this study will be of interest to the fields of high temperature solar thermal process heat and solar thermal materials processing as well as manganese ore sinter production.The incorporation of renewable energy sources in high temperature industrial processes has the potential to reduce energy costs as well as greenhouse gas emissions. The current study forms part of an evaluation of the opportunities to integrate concentrating solar thermal energy into the sintering of manganese ores. The study includes the results of direct irradiation of manganese ore pellets with concentrating solar flux in combination with the closed-loop forced convection of air. The results of this study will be of interest to the fields of high temperature solar thermal process heat and solar thermal materials processing as well as manganese ore sinter production.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"39 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91404910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Macías, J. Guerra, H. Paredes, C. A. Bulnes, H. V. Vidales, O. Muzio, V. Sánchez, J. J. A. Gil
The efficient generation of renewable energies from solar radiation implies the precise knowledge of the thermophysical properties of the materials and systems involved in such applications, this knowledge is fundamental, since it allows us to evaluate and optimize the performance of materials and methods. One of the great challenges for the efficient use of solar energy is the study of the phenomena involved in the interaction of radiation with matter, and the conversion of energy absorbed into heat. Photothermal and thermographic techniques are ideal methodologies to study these phenomena, since they are non-contact techniques (NCT) and, therefore, can be applied in a wide range of operating temperatures and environments. In general, photothermal techniques consist in illuminating the surface of the sample with a laser light beam modulated or pulsed, therefore the sample is heated and emits infrared radiation IR (among other types of energy). The variations of the IR energy are related to the thermophysical properties of the specimens photothermal techniques are based on the detection of these variations. Some examples of photothermal methodologies are the photothermal radiometry pulsed (PPTR) and modulated (PTR), the photothermal reflectometry (RM) and the thermal wave resonant cavity (TWRC). Infrared thermography is a powerful method of non-contact measurement, using this technique thermal images or thermograms are obtained, which are a representation of the temperature distribution on the surface of an object or a scene. The thermophysical properties of materials they are obtained through the analysis of amplitude and phase signals, as well as thermograms. Reflectance spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the optical properties (solar absorbance and thermal emittance) of a great diversity of materials applied in solar technology. The analysis can be done in two wavelength ranges of interest: Ultraviolet/visible/near infrared and medium infrared, where solar spectrum radiation wavelengths and infrared emission range are located respectively. The methodologies mentioned have been applied in the characterization of materials at room temperature, however, many processes involved in the new applications of solar energy occur at high temperature. It has also been shown that thermophysical mechanisms related to the conversion of energy that occur at room temperature are not dominant in high temperature regimes therefore, the measurement of the conversion, absorption, emission and energy exchange processes to high temperature, they involve new technological challenges. In this work, we present a summary about the photothermal, thermographic and reflectance spectroscopy techniques, used in the evaluation of the thermophysical properties of solar absorbers applied in low temperature solar systems, as well as high temperature concentrate solar power (CSP) systems.
{"title":"Photothermal and thermography techniques applied in the characterization of the thermophysical properties of solar absorbers: A review","authors":"J. Macías, J. Guerra, H. Paredes, C. A. Bulnes, H. V. Vidales, O. Muzio, V. Sánchez, J. J. A. Gil","doi":"10.1063/1.5117510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117510","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient generation of renewable energies from solar radiation implies the precise knowledge of the thermophysical properties of the materials and systems involved in such applications, this knowledge is fundamental, since it allows us to evaluate and optimize the performance of materials and methods. One of the great challenges for the efficient use of solar energy is the study of the phenomena involved in the interaction of radiation with matter, and the conversion of energy absorbed into heat. Photothermal and thermographic techniques are ideal methodologies to study these phenomena, since they are non-contact techniques (NCT) and, therefore, can be applied in a wide range of operating temperatures and environments. In general, photothermal techniques consist in illuminating the surface of the sample with a laser light beam modulated or pulsed, therefore the sample is heated and emits infrared radiation IR (among other types of energy). The variations of the IR energy are related to the thermophysical properties of the specimens photothermal techniques are based on the detection of these variations. Some examples of photothermal methodologies are the photothermal radiometry pulsed (PPTR) and modulated (PTR), the photothermal reflectometry (RM) and the thermal wave resonant cavity (TWRC). Infrared thermography is a powerful method of non-contact measurement, using this technique thermal images or thermograms are obtained, which are a representation of the temperature distribution on the surface of an object or a scene. The thermophysical properties of materials they are obtained through the analysis of amplitude and phase signals, as well as thermograms. Reflectance spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the optical properties (solar absorbance and thermal emittance) of a great diversity of materials applied in solar technology. The analysis can be done in two wavelength ranges of interest: Ultraviolet/visible/near infrared and medium infrared, where solar spectrum radiation wavelengths and infrared emission range are located respectively. The methodologies mentioned have been applied in the characterization of materials at room temperature, however, many processes involved in the new applications of solar energy occur at high temperature. It has also been shown that thermophysical mechanisms related to the conversion of energy that occur at room temperature are not dominant in high temperature regimes therefore, the measurement of the conversion, absorption, emission and energy exchange processes to high temperature, they involve new technological challenges. In this work, we present a summary about the photothermal, thermographic and reflectance spectroscopy techniques, used in the evaluation of the thermophysical properties of solar absorbers applied in low temperature solar systems, as well as high temperature concentrate solar power (CSP) systems.","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91158386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcelino Sánchez, C. Fernández-Peruchena, A. Bernardos, C. Heras, R. Chueca, Iñigo Salinas
The main objectives of this work are twofold, the immediate objective is to provide current commercial solar towers with a system able to monitor accurately the solar radiation attenuation, the mid...
{"title":"High-accuracy real-time monitoring of solar radiation attenuation in commercial solar towers","authors":"Marcelino Sánchez, C. Fernández-Peruchena, A. Bernardos, C. Heras, R. Chueca, Iñigo Salinas","doi":"10.1063/1.5117561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117561","url":null,"abstract":"The main objectives of this work are twofold, the immediate objective is to provide current commercial solar towers with a system able to monitor accurately the solar radiation attenuation, the mid...","PeriodicalId":21790,"journal":{"name":"SOLARPACES 2018: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems","volume":"9 3-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72570900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Dall, G. H. Muller, F. Bailey, R. Jagau, Arno R. Pfohl, J. Swart, Juan Manuel Saenz Caballos
Electricity costs from photovoltaics (PV) and wind power generation technologies have fallen greatly in recent years and are still expected to fall into the future. By the year 2020, PV and wind power generation technologies could provide the lowest cost of electricity from any source. A large scale roll-out of PV and wind power plants within conventional electricity grids will create a new operating paradigm to which power utilities and system operators will swiftly need to adapt to. For Namibia, the so-called “duck-curve” best illustrates this paradigm, representing the difference between the future demand and the expected electricity supply from intermittent Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) (especially PV) into the grid. Through a Namibian case study, this paper investigates the potential role of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) within the electricity supply mix, given a high penetration of intermittent RETs within the grid. This study suggests that the key role of CSP within the Namibian electricity supply mix, under the set of assumptions considered, would be to provide peaking and mid-merit support to the grid on a seasonal basis.Electricity costs from photovoltaics (PV) and wind power generation technologies have fallen greatly in recent years and are still expected to fall into the future. By the year 2020, PV and wind power generation technologies could provide the lowest cost of electricity from any source. A large scale roll-out of PV and wind power plants within conventional electricity grids will create a new operating paradigm to which power utilities and system operators will swiftly need to adapt to. For Namibia, the so-called “duck-curve” best illustrates this paradigm, representing the difference between the future demand and the expected electricity supply from intermittent Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) (especially PV) into the grid. Through a Namibian case study, this paper investigates the potential role of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) within the electricity supply mix, given a high penetration of intermittent RETs within the grid. This study suggests that the key role of CSP within the Namibian electricit...
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