Fatema Tuz Zohera, R. Habib, M. Z. Imam, Ehsanul Hoque Mazumder, S. Rana
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the comparative antioxidant potential of methanol, ethyl acetate, pet ether and water extracts of Celastrus paniculatus seed. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using total phenol and flavonoid content determination assays, total antioxidant capacity, 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) free radical assay, Reducing power assessment, Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay and Cupric ion reducing capacity assay (CUPRAC method). The extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner. The extracts were found to contain phenolics and flavonoid compounds. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, ethyl acetate extract had the lowest IC 50 value (585.58μg/ml) compared to ascorbic acid. In nitric oxide scavenging assay IC 50 value was found to be 122.99μg/ml, 320.54μg/ml, 601.81μg/ml and 206.37μg/ml respectively for the Water, Methanol, Ethyl Acetate and Pet Ether extracts compared to 6.83μg/ml which was the IC 50 value for the reference ascorbic acid. The extracts also showed good reducing power. The results of the present study indicate that the extracts possesses significant antioxidant potential of which ethyl acetate extract is the most promising one and possess highest antioxidant potential. Key Words: Celastrus paniculatus ; antioxidant; DPPH; NO scavenging; CUPRAC; ROS. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6802 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 68-74
摘要本研究旨在比较芹菜种子甲醇、乙酸乙酯、pet醚和水提取物的抗氧化能力。采用总酚和类黄酮含量测定法、总抗氧化能力、1,1-二苯基-2-苦酰肼(DPPH)自由基测定法、还原能力测定法、一氧化氮(NO)清除法和铜离子还原能力测定法(CUPRAC法)评价抗氧化活性。提取物表现出中等的抗氧化活性，且呈剂量依赖性。提取物中含有酚类化合物和类黄酮化合物。在DPPH自由基清除实验中，乙酸乙酯提取物的ic50值较抗坏血酸最低，为585.58μg/ml。在一氧化氮清除实验中，水、甲醇、乙酸乙酯和Pet醚提取物的ic50值分别为122.99μg/ml、320.54μg/ml、601.81μg/ml和206.37μg/ml，而参比抗坏血酸的ic50值为6.83μg/ml。提取物也表现出良好的还原力。本研究结果表明，该提取物具有显著的抗氧化潜力，其中乙酸乙酯提取物具有最高的抗氧化潜力。关键词:蛇芹;抗氧化剂;DPPH;没有清除;CUPRAC;ROS。DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6802 S. J. Pharm。科学通报3(1):68-74
{"title":"Comparative Antioxidant Potential of Different Extracts of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Seed","authors":"Fatema Tuz Zohera, R. Habib, M. Z. Imam, Ehsanul Hoque Mazumder, S. Rana","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6802","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to evaluate the comparative antioxidant potential of methanol, ethyl acetate, pet ether and water extracts of Celastrus paniculatus seed. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by using total phenol and flavonoid content determination assays, total antioxidant capacity, 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) free radical assay, Reducing power assessment, Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay and Cupric ion reducing capacity assay (CUPRAC method). The extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner. The extracts were found to contain phenolics and flavonoid compounds. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, ethyl acetate extract had the lowest IC 50 value (585.58μg/ml) compared to ascorbic acid. In nitric oxide scavenging assay IC 50 value was found to be 122.99μg/ml, 320.54μg/ml, 601.81μg/ml and 206.37μg/ml respectively for the Water, Methanol, Ethyl Acetate and Pet Ether extracts compared to 6.83μg/ml which was the IC 50 value for the reference ascorbic acid. The extracts also showed good reducing power. The results of the present study indicate that the extracts possesses significant antioxidant potential of which ethyl acetate extract is the most promising one and possess highest antioxidant potential. Key Words: Celastrus paniculatus ; antioxidant; DPPH; NO scavenging; CUPRAC; ROS. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6802 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 68-74","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"68-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89290702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present investigation the n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride and choloroform soluble fractions of crude methanolic extract of Samanea saman bark were tested for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay and total antioxidant activity test. Antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion method against thirteen bacteria and three fungi and cytotoxicity was tested by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Chloroform and hexane soluble fraction showed IC 50 value of 12μg/ml and 14μg/ml respectively in scavenging DPPH radical while the reference Butylated hydroxytoluene showed an IC 50 value of 10μg/ml. The carbon tetrachloride fraction showed the highest total antioxidant capacity. The carbon tetrachloride fraction was also found to possess mild to moderate microbial growth inhibitory capacity. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform soluble fractions showed LC 50 value of 14.94μg/ml, 0.831μg/ml and 3.288μg/ml respectively. The results suggest good antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of chloroform and hexane soluble fractions and antimicrobial activity of carbon tetrachloride fraction of Samanea saman bark extract. Key Words: Samanea saman ; Leguminoseae; Cytotoxicity; Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Total antioxidant capacity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6792 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 11-17
研究了沙曼树皮粗甲醇提取物的正己烷、四氯化碳和氯仿可溶性组分的抗氧化、抑菌和细胞毒活性。通过DPPH自由基清除试验和总抗氧化活性试验评价提取物的抗氧化活性。采用圆盘扩散法测定对13种细菌和3种真菌的抑菌活性，采用卤虾致死性生物测定法测定细胞毒性。氯仿和己烷可溶性组分对DPPH自由基的ic50值分别为12μg/ml和14μg/ml，对照丁基羟基甲苯的ic50值为10μg/ml。四氯化碳组分的总抗氧化能力最高。四氯化碳馏分也被发现具有轻度到中度的微生物生长抑制能力。盐水对虾致死生物测定中，正己烷、四氯化碳、氯仿可溶性组分的LC 50值分别为14.94μg/ml、0.831μg/ml和3.288μg/ml。结果表明，沙曼树皮提取物的氯仿和己烷可溶性部分具有良好的抗氧化和细胞毒性，四氯化碳部分具有抗菌活性。关键词:沙门;Leguminoseae;细胞毒性;抗菌药物;抗氧化剂;总抗氧化能力。DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6792 S. J. Pharm。科学3(1):11-17
{"title":"Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.","authors":"A. Ferdous, M. Z. Imam, Tajnin Ahmed","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6792","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation the n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride and choloroform soluble fractions of crude methanolic extract of Samanea saman bark were tested for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay and total antioxidant activity test. Antimicrobial activity was tested using disc diffusion method against thirteen bacteria and three fungi and cytotoxicity was tested by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Chloroform and hexane soluble fraction showed IC 50 value of 12μg/ml and 14μg/ml respectively in scavenging DPPH radical while the reference Butylated hydroxytoluene showed an IC 50 value of 10μg/ml. The carbon tetrachloride fraction showed the highest total antioxidant capacity. The carbon tetrachloride fraction was also found to possess mild to moderate microbial growth inhibitory capacity. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform soluble fractions showed LC 50 value of 14.94μg/ml, 0.831μg/ml and 3.288μg/ml respectively. The results suggest good antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of chloroform and hexane soluble fractions and antimicrobial activity of carbon tetrachloride fraction of Samanea saman bark extract. Key Words: Samanea saman ; Leguminoseae; Cytotoxicity; Antimicrobial; Antioxidant; Total antioxidant capacity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6792 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 11-17","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78063165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is aimed to estimate general knowledge and awareness of patients regarding use of antibiotics to find out possible reasons of irrational use of antibiotics in Bangladesh. It was a questionnaire based crosssectional health survey conducted on 350 subjects aged 18 or over who came to get service at three tertiary healthcare centers named Dhaka Medical College (DMC) Hospital, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) Mitford Hospital and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was found from the study that the general knowledge of the patients about the indication of antibiotics was very poor. Majority of the patients did not know the appropriate use of antibiotics. Only 26% respondents answered correctly that antibiotics are indicated for bacterial infections. In addition, 38.97% of them also did not know that an antibiotic is a prescription drug and should not be used without doctor’s prescription. The awareness about the patients towards use of antibiotics was also poor. A very high percentage of the patients (51.71%) answered that they do not complete the full course of therapy. Surprisingly, 39.14% of the patients replied that they stop antibiotics when the symptoms disappear and remarkably 14.29% just make the dose double if they forget to take due dose. On the other hand, 28.86% of the patients said that they do not maintain dosing schedule during the course of therapy. Moreover, prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in cold and fever was also extremely high (60.86%). This study indicates that there is an urgent need of health education for the community to increase knowledge and awareness about use of antibiotics to decrease the self-medication and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Key words: Antibiotics; General Knowledge; Awareness; Tertiary Healthcare Center; Health Education DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6799 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 54-58
本研究旨在估计患者对抗生素使用的一般知识和意识，以找出孟加拉国抗生素不合理使用的可能原因。这是一项基于问卷的横断面健康调查，对350名18岁或以上的受试者进行了调查，他们来到孟加拉国达卡的三个三级医疗中心——达卡医学院(DMC)医院、萨里穆拉爵士医学院(SSMC)米特福德医院和孟加拉国达卡的班班杜谢赫穆吉布医科大学(BSMMU)医院接受服务。从研究中发现，患者对抗生素适应症的总体认识很差。大多数患者不知道抗生素的正确使用。只有26%的应答者正确回答了细菌感染需要使用抗生素。此外，38.97%的受访者不知道抗生素是处方药，没有医生的处方不能使用。患者对抗生素使用的认识也较差。有很高比例的患者(51.71%)回答没有完成全部疗程。令人惊讶的是，39.14%的患者回答在症状消失后停止使用抗生素，而14.29%的患者在忘记服用剂量时只是将剂量增加一倍。另一方面，28.86%的患者表示在治疗过程中没有维持给药计划。此外，在感冒和发烧时使用抗生素自行用药的患病率也很高(60.86%)。本研究表明，迫切需要对社区进行健康教育，提高抗生素使用的知识和意识，以减少自我用药和不当使用抗生素。关键词:抗生素;一般知识;意识;三级保健中心;健康教育DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6799 S. J. Pharm。科学通报3(1):54-58
{"title":"Patients' Knowledge and Awareness towards Use of Antibiotics in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study Conducted in Three Tertiary Healthcare Centers in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Saha, Shammy Sarwar, M. Shill, M. Shahriar","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6799","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed to estimate general knowledge and awareness of patients regarding use of antibiotics to find out possible reasons of irrational use of antibiotics in Bangladesh. It was a questionnaire based crosssectional health survey conducted on 350 subjects aged 18 or over who came to get service at three tertiary healthcare centers named Dhaka Medical College (DMC) Hospital, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC) Mitford Hospital and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was found from the study that the general knowledge of the patients about the indication of antibiotics was very poor. Majority of the patients did not know the appropriate use of antibiotics. Only 26% respondents answered correctly that antibiotics are indicated for bacterial infections. In addition, 38.97% of them also did not know that an antibiotic is a prescription drug and should not be used without doctor’s prescription. The awareness about the patients towards use of antibiotics was also poor. A very high percentage of the patients (51.71%) answered that they do not complete the full course of therapy. Surprisingly, 39.14% of the patients replied that they stop antibiotics when the symptoms disappear and remarkably 14.29% just make the dose double if they forget to take due dose. On the other hand, 28.86% of the patients said that they do not maintain dosing schedule during the course of therapy. Moreover, prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in cold and fever was also extremely high (60.86%). This study indicates that there is an urgent need of health education for the community to increase knowledge and awareness about use of antibiotics to decrease the self-medication and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Key words: Antibiotics; General Knowledge; Awareness; Tertiary Healthcare Center; Health Education DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6799 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 54-58","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"54-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73210964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Capsule Gurmar is a new polyherbal Unani formulation developed by the RD chemical constituents; pharmacological properties; hypoglycemic effects. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6794 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 18-27
Gurmar胶囊是一种新型复方乌拉尼制剂，由化学成分研发而成;药理性质;低血糖症的影响。DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6794 S. J. Pharm。科学通报3(1):18-27
{"title":"Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties of Capsule Gurmar - A New Anti-diabetic Formulation of Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Bangladesh","authors":"M. Afroze, Mridul Kabiraz, R. Islam, A. Ghani","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6794","url":null,"abstract":"Capsule Gurmar is a new polyherbal Unani formulation developed by the RD chemical constituents; pharmacological properties; hypoglycemic effects. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6794 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 18-27","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"18-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79680462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Karmakar, Uttam Kumar Tarafder, S. K. Sadhu, N. N. Biswas, M. Shill
The ethanolic extract of the dried fruit of Solanum nigrum Linn. (Family: Solanaceae) was assessed for its possible analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and gums. In acetic acid induced writhing in mice, the ethanolic extract (250 and 500mg/kg) exhibited significant (p<0.05 & p<0.01) inhibition of writhing reflex 51.39% and 66.67% respectively compared to standard diclofenac sodium. The fruit extract showed a significant (P<0.01 and P<0.001) antidiarrhoeal activity against castor oil induce diarrhoea in mice in which it decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period at the dose of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight. The ethanolic extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In the qualitative antioxidant assay using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) the extract showed free radical scavenging properties. In the brine shrimp lethality test, the extract showed cytotoxicity significantly with LC 50 = 63.10μg/ml and LC 90 = 160μg/ml. All the results tend to justify the traditional uses of the plant and require further investigation to identify the chemicals responsible for these effects. Key words: Solanum nigrum Linn; analgesic activity; antidiarrheal activity; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; cytotoxic activity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6796 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 38-45
龙葵干果的乙醇提取物。(科:茄科)评估其可能的镇痛，抗腹泻，抗菌，抗氧化和细胞毒活性。乙醇提取物的植物化学筛选显示存在碳水化合物、生物碱、单宁、皂苷、类固醇、糖苷和树胶。在醋酸致小鼠扭体实验中，乙醇提取物(250和500mg/kg)对小鼠扭体反射的抑制作用显著(p<0.05和p<0.01)，分别比标准双氯芬酸钠抑制51.39%和66.67%。250mg/kg和500mg/kg剂量的蓖麻油提取物对小鼠腹泻有显著(P<0.01和P<0.001)的抗腹泻作用，可降低小鼠排便次数，延长小鼠平均潜伏期。乙醇提取物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有中等抑菌活性。在DPPH(1,1 -二苯基-2-苦味酰肼)定性抗氧化实验中，提取物显示出清除自由基的特性。在盐水对虾致死试验中，当lc50 = 63.10μg/ml, lc90 = 160μg/ml时，提取物具有显著的细胞毒性。所有的结果都倾向于证明这种植物的传统用途是合理的，需要进一步的调查来确定造成这些影响的化学物质。关键词:龙葵;镇痛活动;止泻的活动;抗菌活性;抗氧化活性;细胞毒性的活动。DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6796 S. J. Pharm。科学通报3(1):38-45
{"title":"Biological Investigations of Dried Fruit of Solanum nigrum Linn.","authors":"U. Karmakar, Uttam Kumar Tarafder, S. K. Sadhu, N. N. Biswas, M. Shill","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6796","url":null,"abstract":"The ethanolic extract of the dried fruit of Solanum nigrum Linn. (Family: Solanaceae) was assessed for its possible analgesic, antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, and gums. In acetic acid induced writhing in mice, the ethanolic extract (250 and 500mg/kg) exhibited significant (p<0.05 & p<0.01) inhibition of writhing reflex 51.39% and 66.67% respectively compared to standard diclofenac sodium. The fruit extract showed a significant (P<0.01 and P<0.001) antidiarrhoeal activity against castor oil induce diarrhoea in mice in which it decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period at the dose of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight. The ethanolic extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In the qualitative antioxidant assay using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) the extract showed free radical scavenging properties. In the brine shrimp lethality test, the extract showed cytotoxicity significantly with LC 50 = 63.10μg/ml and LC 90 = 160μg/ml. All the results tend to justify the traditional uses of the plant and require further investigation to identify the chemicals responsible for these effects. Key words: Solanum nigrum Linn; analgesic activity; antidiarrheal activity; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant activity; cytotoxic activity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6796 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 38-45","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89657992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Patel, Sanjay Patel, Dharmesh Prajapati, R. Mehta, South Jordan
A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide in combine dosage form. Amlodipine Besylate (AML) is a long acting calcium channel blocker and in the treatment of CVS disorder. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) is a diuretic and antihypertensive. The mobile phase used was a combination of Water: Methanol (70:30). The detection of the combined dosage form was carried out at 245nm and a flow rate employd was 0.5ml/min. The retention time for Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide was found to be 6.95 and 2.65 min respectively. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 6 to 18μg/ml of Amlodipine Besylate and 6 to 18μg/ml of Hydrochlorothiazide with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 and 0.9974. Detector consists of photodiode array detector; the reversed phase column used was RP-C 18 (5 μm size, 250mm, 4.6mm i.d.) at ambient temperature. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and values of accuracy, precision and other statistical analysis were found to be in good accordance with the prescribed values. Thus the proposed method is precise, selective and rapid for simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide in routine analysis. Key Words: Simultaneous Estimation; Amlodipine Besylate; Hydrochlorothiazide; HPLC. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6798 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 49-53
建立了反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)同时测定苯磺酸氨氯地平和氢氯噻嗪复方剂型的含量。苯磺酸氨氯地平(AML)是一种长效钙通道阻滞剂，用于治疗CVS疾病。氢氯噻嗪(HCT)是一种利尿剂和降压药。流动相为水:甲醇(70:30)。联合剂型检测在245nm下进行，流速0.5ml/min。苯磺酸氨氯地平和氢氯噻嗪的保留时间分别为6.95和2.65 min。苯磺酸氨氯地平6 ~ 18μg/ml和氢氯噻嗪6 ~ 18μg/ml浓度范围内呈线性关系，相关系数分别为0.997和0.9974。探测器由光电二极管阵列探测器组成;反相色谱柱为rp - c18 (5 μm尺寸，250mm, 4.6mm直径)。根据ICH指南对所建立的方法进行验证，发现准确度、精密度等统计分析值符合规定值。该方法具有准确、选择性和快速的特点，可用于常规分析中苯磺酸氨氯地平和氢氯噻嗪的同时测定。关键词:同步估计;氨氯地平Besylate;氢氯噻嗪;高效液相色谱法。DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6798 S. J. Pharm。科学通报3(1):49-53
{"title":"RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide in Combined Dosage Forms","authors":"G. Patel, Sanjay Patel, Dharmesh Prajapati, R. Mehta, South Jordan","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6798","url":null,"abstract":"A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide in combine dosage form. Amlodipine Besylate (AML) is a long acting calcium channel blocker and in the treatment of CVS disorder. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) is a diuretic and antihypertensive. The mobile phase used was a combination of Water: Methanol (70:30). The detection of the combined dosage form was carried out at 245nm and a flow rate employd was 0.5ml/min. The retention time for Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide was found to be 6.95 and 2.65 min respectively. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 6 to 18μg/ml of Amlodipine Besylate and 6 to 18μg/ml of Hydrochlorothiazide with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 and 0.9974. Detector consists of photodiode array detector; the reversed phase column used was RP-C 18 (5 μm size, 250mm, 4.6mm i.d.) at ambient temperature. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and values of accuracy, precision and other statistical analysis were found to be in good accordance with the prescribed values. Thus the proposed method is precise, selective and rapid for simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide in routine analysis. Key Words: Simultaneous Estimation; Amlodipine Besylate; Hydrochlorothiazide; HPLC. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6798 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 49-53","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"128 1","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88198176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shahriar, Manasi Madak, A. Haque, Shaila Kabir, M. Saha
A study of antimicrobial sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains from clinical specimens was carried out to facilitate the preference of antimicrobial drugs in the management of S. pneumoniae induced infections. The duration of the study was about 12 months starting from March 2009 to March 2010. The results of the study show that tetracycline and chloramphenicol had a low sensitivity (20% and 22%, respectively) to S. pneumoniae while a moderate sensitivity was found for azithromycin (50%), erythromycin (54%), cotrimoxazole (58%), cefuroxime (62%), and cefaclor (62%). However, the highest sensitivity was observed for ceftriaxone (92%) followed by levofloxacin (74%) and ceftazidime (70%). This study reveals the growing antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh and refers not to use the antimicrobial drugs that show insufficient sensitivity against S. pneumoniae to prevent resistance and associated treatment failure. Key words: Streptococcus pneumoniae ; antimicrobial sensitivity; clinical isolates. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6800 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 59-62
对临床标本中肺炎链球菌菌株的抗菌药物敏感性进行研究，以便在肺炎链球菌感染的治疗中选择合适的抗菌药物。研究时间约为12个月，从2009年3月至2010年3月。研究结果显示，四环素和氯霉素对肺炎链球菌的敏感性较低(分别为20%和22%)，而对阿奇霉素(50%)、红霉素(54%)、复方新诺明(58%)、头孢呋辛(62%)和头孢氯(62%)的敏感性中等。然而，头孢曲松的敏感性最高(92%)，其次是左氧氟沙星(74%)和头孢他啶(70%)。这项研究揭示了孟加拉国日益增长的抗菌素耐药性，并建议不要使用对肺炎链球菌敏感性不足的抗菌素药物，以防止耐药性和相关的治疗失败。关键词:肺炎链球菌;抗菌药物敏感性;临床分离株。DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6800 S. J. Pharm。科学通报3(1):59-62
{"title":"Current Status of Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Streptococcus pneumonia Strains Collected from Clinical Sources in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Shahriar, Manasi Madak, A. Haque, Shaila Kabir, M. Saha","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6800","url":null,"abstract":"A study of antimicrobial sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains from clinical specimens was carried out to facilitate the preference of antimicrobial drugs in the management of S. pneumoniae induced infections. The duration of the study was about 12 months starting from March 2009 to March 2010. The results of the study show that tetracycline and chloramphenicol had a low sensitivity (20% and 22%, respectively) to S. pneumoniae while a moderate sensitivity was found for azithromycin (50%), erythromycin (54%), cotrimoxazole (58%), cefuroxime (62%), and cefaclor (62%). However, the highest sensitivity was observed for ceftriaxone (92%) followed by levofloxacin (74%) and ceftazidime (70%). This study reveals the growing antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh and refers not to use the antimicrobial drugs that show insufficient sensitivity against S. pneumoniae to prevent resistance and associated treatment failure. Key words: Streptococcus pneumoniae ; antimicrobial sensitivity; clinical isolates. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6800 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 59-62","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86333027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simultaneous estimation of active ingredients in multi-component pharmaceutical products normally requires the use of separation techniques, such as HPLC, HPTLC or GC, followed by their quantitation. Presented here are two spectrophotometric methods that do not require prior separation for simultaneous estimation of three drugs; acetaminophen, tramadol hydrochloride and domperidone in a tablet formulation. Shimadzu UV 1700 capable of multi-component analysis was used for quantitation. Method A is based on the simultaneous equation and method B on the multi-component analysis. The absorption maxima of the drugs found to be at 244nm, 271.5nm and 284.5nm respectively for acetaminophen, tramadol hydrochloride and domperidone in methanol/0.1 N HCl (1:2) solvent mixture. Acetaminophen, tramadol hydrochloride and domperidone obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range of 2-22 μg/ml, 10-55 μg/ml and 30-300 μg/ml respectively. The simultaneous equation method is based on the additivity of absorbances and multi-component analysis involves recording of absorbances of standard solutions at 244nm, 250nm, 271.5nm and 284.5nm. These were processed by means of statistical calculations and results of sample solution were obtained. Result of analysis for both methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. Key Words: simultaneous equation method; multicomponent analysis; acetaminophen; tramadol hydrochloride; domperidone. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.2655 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 28-33
同时估计多组分药品中的有效成分通常需要使用分离技术，如HPLC、HPTLC或GC，然后进行定量。这里提出了两种分光光度法，不需要事先分离，同时估计三种药物;对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸曲马多和多潘立酮片剂。采用多组分分析的岛津UV 1700进行定量。方法A基于联立方程，方法B基于多组分分析。对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸曲马多和多潘立酮在甲醇/0.1盐酸(1:2)溶剂混合物中的吸光度最大值分别为244nm、271.5nm和284.5nm。对乙酰氨基酚、盐酸曲马多和多潘立酮的浓度分别在2 ~ 22 μg/ml、10 ~ 55 μg/ml和30 ~ 300 μg/ml范围内符合比尔定律。联立方程法基于吸光度的可加性，多组分分析包括记录标准溶液在244nm、250nm、271.5nm和284.5nm处的吸光度。通过统计计算，得到了样品溶液的结果。根据ICH指南对两种方法的分析结果进行了各种参数的测试和验证。关键词:联立方程法;多组分分析;对乙酰氨基酚;盐酸曲马多;domperidone。DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.2655 S. J. Pharm。科学通报3(1):28-33
{"title":"Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Estimation and Validation of Domperidone, Tramadol Hydrochloride and Acetaminophen in Tablet Dosage Form","authors":"Vikas Jain, Rajesh Sharma","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.2655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.2655","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous estimation of active ingredients in multi-component pharmaceutical products normally requires the use of separation techniques, such as HPLC, HPTLC or GC, followed by their quantitation. Presented here are two spectrophotometric methods that do not require prior separation for simultaneous estimation of three drugs; acetaminophen, tramadol hydrochloride and domperidone in a tablet formulation. Shimadzu UV 1700 capable of multi-component analysis was used for quantitation. Method A is based on the simultaneous equation and method B on the multi-component analysis. The absorption maxima of the drugs found to be at 244nm, 271.5nm and 284.5nm respectively for acetaminophen, tramadol hydrochloride and domperidone in methanol/0.1 N HCl (1:2) solvent mixture. Acetaminophen, tramadol hydrochloride and domperidone obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range of 2-22 μg/ml, 10-55 μg/ml and 30-300 μg/ml respectively. The simultaneous equation method is based on the additivity of absorbances and multi-component analysis involves recording of absorbances of standard solutions at 244nm, 250nm, 271.5nm and 284.5nm. These were processed by means of statistical calculations and results of sample solution were obtained. Result of analysis for both methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. Key Words: simultaneous equation method; multicomponent analysis; acetaminophen; tramadol hydrochloride; domperidone. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.2655 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 28-33","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86395450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this work is to find out brand-to-brand variation by applying profile comparison approaches to the dissolution data of marketed aceclofenac tablet formulations. Commercially available five brands of aceclofenac tablets were studied in simulated intestinal medium (pH 6.8) for 60 minutes time period using USP reference dissolution apparatus. Four samples complied with the USP in vitro dissolution specifications for drug release (not less than 80% of the labeled amount of Aceclofenac should be dissolved in 60 minutes). One brand (Code: S1) failed to meet the criteria; drug release was 66.85% within the specified time period. Key words: Bangladesh; In vitro dissolution; market preparations; aceclofenac; tablet. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6790 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 1-3
本研究的目的是通过对已上市的乙酰氯芬酸片剂配方的溶出度数据应用概况比较方法来找出品牌间的差异。采用USP标准溶出度仪对市售5个品牌的乙酰氯芬酸片在pH 6.8的模拟肠道介质中60分钟的时间进行研究。4个样品符合USP体外释放度标准(60分钟溶出不少于乙酰氯芬酸标记量的80%)。1个品牌(代码:S1)不符合标准;规定时限内释药率为66.85%。关键词:孟加拉国;体外溶出度;市场准备工作;aceclofenac;平板电脑。DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6790 S. J. Pharm。科学3(1):1-3
{"title":"Assessment of Dissolution Profile of Aceclofenac Tablets Available in Bangladesh","authors":"Tajnin Ahmed, A. Ferdous, S. Biswas, F. Sharif","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6790","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to find out brand-to-brand variation by applying profile comparison approaches to the dissolution data of marketed aceclofenac tablet formulations. Commercially available five brands of aceclofenac tablets were studied in simulated intestinal medium (pH 6.8) for 60 minutes time period using USP reference dissolution apparatus. Four samples complied with the USP in vitro dissolution specifications for drug release (not less than 80% of the labeled amount of Aceclofenac should be dissolved in 60 minutes). One brand (Code: S1) failed to meet the criteria; drug release was 66.85% within the specified time period. Key words: Bangladesh; In vitro dissolution; market preparations; aceclofenac; tablet. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6790 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 1-3","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86098094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nefopam and Escitalopram are INN drugs and as such it has not been yet included in the BP or USP. The objective of this work is to develop a simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and reproducible UVSpectrophotometric method for quantitative estimation of Nefopam and Escitalopram in tablet dosage forms. Various solvents were used to find out the medium for maximum solubility of each drug. The χ max of Nefopam and Escitalopram was 266nm and 284nm in water respectively. Both drugs obey Beer- Lambert’s law in the range of 50-400μg/ml for Nefopam and 25-200μg/ml for Escitalopram. The correlation coefficients of std. curves were 0.998 and 0.995. The values of SD were 0.131 and 0.081 respectively. %RSD (Relative standard deviation) of interday absorbance of Nefopam was 0.766 and Escitalopram was 0.854. The LOD (Limit of Detection) were 0.393 and 0.243 and LOQ (Limit of Quantification) were 1.310 and 0.810 respectively. The percent potencies were 92.16 and 102.06 for Nefopam and Escitalopram. The potency of these tablets complied with their claimed quantity (±10%). So, based on these data, it may be concluded that these proposed method are simple, sensitive, precise, reproducible and accurate for the analysis of these drugs in tablet dosage form. Key Words: INN drugs; correlation coefficients; LOD; LOQ; Nefopam; Escitalopram. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6791 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 4-10
尼福泮和艾司西酞普兰属于非营利性药物，因此尚未列入BP或USP。目的:建立一种简便、灵敏、准确、精密度高、重现性好的紫外分光光度法定量测定片剂中奈福泮和艾司西酞普兰的方法。用不同的溶剂来寻找每种药物最大溶解度的介质。奈福泮和艾司西酞普兰在水中的χ max分别为266nm和284nm。两种药物在50-400μg/ml和25-200μg/ml范围内均符合Beer- Lambert定律。标准差曲线相关系数分别为0.998和0.995。SD值分别为0.131和0.081。Nefopam的日间吸光度%RSD(相对标准偏差)为0.766,Escitalopram为0.854。检出限(LOD)分别为0.393和0.243，定量限(LOQ)分别为1.310和0.810。奈福泮和艾司西酞普兰的效价分别为92.16%和102.06。这些片剂的效价符合其声称的量(±10%)。因此，基于这些数据，可以得出结论，该方法简便、灵敏、精确、重现性好、准确，适用于这些片剂剂型药物的分析。关键词:非营利性药物;相关系数;LOD;定量限;Nefopam;酞。DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6791 S. J. Pharm。科学通报3(1):4-10
{"title":"Development of UV Spectroscopic Method for Nefopam and Escitalopram as INN Drugs in Tablet Dosage Form","authors":"K. Fatema, Zakiur Rahman, S. Biswas, S. Akter","doi":"10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/SJPS.V3I1.6791","url":null,"abstract":"Nefopam and Escitalopram are INN drugs and as such it has not been yet included in the BP or USP. The objective of this work is to develop a simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and reproducible UVSpectrophotometric method for quantitative estimation of Nefopam and Escitalopram in tablet dosage forms. Various solvents were used to find out the medium for maximum solubility of each drug. The χ max of Nefopam and Escitalopram was 266nm and 284nm in water respectively. Both drugs obey Beer- Lambert’s law in the range of 50-400μg/ml for Nefopam and 25-200μg/ml for Escitalopram. The correlation coefficients of std. curves were 0.998 and 0.995. The values of SD were 0.131 and 0.081 respectively. %RSD (Relative standard deviation) of interday absorbance of Nefopam was 0.766 and Escitalopram was 0.854. The LOD (Limit of Detection) were 0.393 and 0.243 and LOQ (Limit of Quantification) were 1.310 and 0.810 respectively. The percent potencies were 92.16 and 102.06 for Nefopam and Escitalopram. The potency of these tablets complied with their claimed quantity (±10%). So, based on these data, it may be concluded that these proposed method are simple, sensitive, precise, reproducible and accurate for the analysis of these drugs in tablet dosage form. Key Words: INN drugs; correlation coefficients; LOD; LOQ; Nefopam; Escitalopram. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6791 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 4-10","PeriodicalId":21823,"journal":{"name":"Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87843653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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