Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.31942/spektrum.v19i2.6655
J. J. Prihatmoko
AbstractThis paper describes the winning strategy and institutionalization of political parties in the recruitment of PDIP candidates in 21 districts/cities in the 2020 simultaneous regional head and deputy regional head elections in Central Java Province. The research uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the recruitment of PDIP candidates in the simultaneous regional head elections was capitalized as part of a winning strategy rather than party institutionalization. Using Adman Nursal's concept, found 7 recruitment patterns, which are based on four strategies: a) reinforcement, b) rationalization, c) inducement, and d) confrontation.From the point of view of party institutionalization based on the concept of Vicky Randall and Lars Svasand, it can be seen that the magnitude of the push as a floating party is indicated by the degree of (1) systemness, (2) value identity, (3) autonomy in decision making, and (4) knowledge or public image (reification) of a political party.The pattern of PDIP regional election recruitment that is closed but seems open confirms the development of the character of a “floating party”, namely a political party that is less responsible and less responsive to its constituents. Luckily, in a floating mass atmosphere that is not politically literate, PDIP candidates won the majority of the 2020 simultaneous regional elections in Central Java.Keywords: Political Recruitment, Winning Strategy, Political Institutionalization, Floating PartyAbstrakPenelitian ini ingin menjelaskan strategi pemenangan dan pelembagaan partai politik dalam rekrutmen calon PDIP di 21 kabupaten/kota pada pemilihan kepala daerah dan wakil kepala daerah serentak tahun 2020 di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rekrutmen calon PDIP pada pilkada serentak dikapitaliasi sebagai bagian strategi pemenangan dibanding pelembagaan partai. Menggunakan konsep Adman Nursal, ditemukan 7 pola rekrutmen, yang didasarkan pada empat strategi: a) penguatan (reinforcement strategy), b) rasionalisasi (rationalization strategy), c) bujukan (inducement srategy), dan d) konfrontasi (confrontation strategy). Dari sudut pelembagaan partai berdasarkan konsep Vicky Randall dan Lars Svasand terlihat besarnya dorongan sebagai partai mengambang (floating party) yang diindikasikan dari derajat (1) kesisteman (systemness), (2) identitas nilai (value infusion), (3) otonomi dalam pembuatan keputusan (decisional autonomy), dan (4) pengetahuan atau citra publik (reification) terhadap suatu partai politik. Pola rekrutmen pilkada PDIP yang tertutup tapi terkesan terbuka mengkonfirmasikan terbangunnya watak “partai mengambang” (floating party), yakni partai politik yang kurang bertanggungjawab dan kurang tanggap terhadap konstituen. Beruntung, dalam atmosfer massa mengambang (floting mass) yang tidak melek politik, calon-calon PDIP memenangi mayoritas
摘要本文描述了在2020年中爪哇省同时举行的区长和副区长选举中，政党在21个区/市招募PDIP候选人中的获胜策略和制度化。本研究采用文献研究法和定性研究方法。结果表明，在同时举行的地区首长选举中招募PDIP候选人是作为获胜战略的一部分而不是政党制度化。运用Adman Nursal的概念，发现了7种招聘模式，这些模式基于四种策略:a)强化，b)合理化，c)诱导，d)对抗。从基于Vicky Randall和Lars Svasand概念的政党制度化的角度来看，可以看出，作为一个浮动政党的推动程度是由(1)系统性程度，(2)价值认同程度，(3)决策自主性程度，(4)政党的知识或公众形象(具体化)程度来表示的。人民民主联盟党区域选举征聘的模式是封闭的，但似乎是公开的，这证实了一个“浮动政党”的特点的发展，即一个较少负责和较少对其选民作出反应的政党。幸运的是，在没有政治素养的群众氛围中，PDIP候选人赢得了2020年中爪哇地区同步选举的多数席位。关键词:政治招募，获胜策略，政治制度化，浮动政党摘要:penelitian ini in menjelaskan Strategy pemenangan dan pelembagaan partai politik dalam rekrutmen calon PDIP di 21 kabupaten/kota ppenilihan kepala daerah dan wakil kepala daerah serentak tahun 2020 di省爪哇登加。Penelitian menggunakan方法研究kepustakan和dengan pendekatan质量。Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rektmen calon PDIP pada pilkada serentak数字资本主义sebagai bagian战略，pemenangan和dibanding pelembagaan partai。7 . a)企鹅(强化)策略，b)理性(合理化)策略，c)诱导(诱导)策略，d)对抗(对抗)策略。Dari sudut pelembagaan partai berdasarkan konsep Vicky Randall dan Lars Svasand terlihat besarnya dorongan sebagai partai mengambang(浮动政党)yang diindikasikan Dari derajat (1) kesisteman(系统性)，(2)identitas nilai(价值注入)，(3)otonomi dalam pembuatan keputusan(决策自治)，(4)pengetahuan atau citra publik(实体性)terhadap suatu partai polik。Pola rekutmen pilkada PDIP yang tertutuup tapi terkesan terbuka mengkonfirmasikan terbangunnya watak“partai mengambang”(浮动党)，yakni partai politik yang kurang bertanggungjawab dan kurang tanggap terhadap konstituen。在爪哇登加，我们将为您奉上“漂浮的群众”的祝福。Kata Kunci: rekutmen Politik, Strategi Pemenangan, Pelembagaan Politik, Partai Mengambang
{"title":"Rekrutmen PDIP dalam Pilkada 2020: Antara Strategi Pemenangan dan Pelembagaan Partai Politik","authors":"J. J. Prihatmoko","doi":"10.31942/spektrum.v19i2.6655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31942/spektrum.v19i2.6655","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis paper describes the winning strategy and institutionalization of political parties in the recruitment of PDIP candidates in 21 districts/cities in the 2020 simultaneous regional head and deputy regional head elections in Central Java Province. The research uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the recruitment of PDIP candidates in the simultaneous regional head elections was capitalized as part of a winning strategy rather than party institutionalization. Using Adman Nursal's concept, found 7 recruitment patterns, which are based on four strategies: a) reinforcement, b) rationalization, c) inducement, and d) confrontation.From the point of view of party institutionalization based on the concept of Vicky Randall and Lars Svasand, it can be seen that the magnitude of the push as a floating party is indicated by the degree of (1) systemness, (2) value identity, (3) autonomy in decision making, and (4) knowledge or public image (reification) of a political party.The pattern of PDIP regional election recruitment that is closed but seems open confirms the development of the character of a “floating party”, namely a political party that is less responsible and less responsive to its constituents. Luckily, in a floating mass atmosphere that is not politically literate, PDIP candidates won the majority of the 2020 simultaneous regional elections in Central Java.Keywords: Political Recruitment, Winning Strategy, Political Institutionalization, Floating PartyAbstrakPenelitian ini ingin menjelaskan strategi pemenangan dan pelembagaan partai politik dalam rekrutmen calon PDIP di 21 kabupaten/kota pada pemilihan kepala daerah dan wakil kepala daerah serentak tahun 2020 di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rekrutmen calon PDIP pada pilkada serentak dikapitaliasi sebagai bagian strategi pemenangan dibanding pelembagaan partai. Menggunakan konsep Adman Nursal, ditemukan 7 pola rekrutmen, yang didasarkan pada empat strategi: a) penguatan (reinforcement strategy), b) rasionalisasi (rationalization strategy), c) bujukan (inducement srategy), dan d) konfrontasi (confrontation strategy). Dari sudut pelembagaan partai berdasarkan konsep Vicky Randall dan Lars Svasand terlihat besarnya dorongan sebagai partai mengambang (floating party) yang diindikasikan dari derajat (1) kesisteman (systemness), (2) identitas nilai (value infusion), (3) otonomi dalam pembuatan keputusan (decisional autonomy), dan (4) pengetahuan atau citra publik (reification) terhadap suatu partai politik. Pola rekrutmen pilkada PDIP yang tertutup tapi terkesan terbuka mengkonfirmasikan terbangunnya watak “partai mengambang” (floating party), yakni partai politik yang kurang bertanggungjawab dan kurang tanggap terhadap konstituen. Beruntung, dalam atmosfer massa mengambang (floting mass) yang tidak melek politik, calon-calon PDIP memenangi mayoritas ","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78079082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-08DOI: 10.1007/s00717-022-00523-y
R. Told, Anja Pichler, B. Lackner, A. Kuchar, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, Roman Dunavölgyi
{"title":"Retrospective analysis of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction outcomes in a tertiary referral center","authors":"R. Told, Anja Pichler, B. Lackner, A. Kuchar, U. Schmidt-Erfurth, Roman Dunavölgyi","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00523-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00523-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"36 1","pages":"166-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47916442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.1007/s00717-022-00522-z
Anh Tuan Vu, Thi Van Anh Bui, Lan Anh Mai, Thanh Tung Hoang, Le Trung Nguyen
{"title":"Effectiveness of laser peripheral iridoplasty in the treatment of acute primary angle closure","authors":"Anh Tuan Vu, Thi Van Anh Bui, Lan Anh Mai, Thanh Tung Hoang, Le Trung Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00522-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00522-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"101-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41666575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-22DOI: 10.1007/s00717-022-00519-8
A. M. Ladek, H. Reitsamer, A. Trost, A., Trost
{"title":"62. Jahrestagung der Österreichischen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft","authors":"A. M. Ladek, H. Reitsamer, A. Trost, A., Trost","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00519-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00519-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"36 1","pages":"39 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44665107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s00717-022-00518-9
B. Weingessel, Jolanda Steininger, T. Spöttl, W. Huf, B. Reiter, Christina Bräuer, Saskia Tipotsch-Maca, V. Vécsei-Marlovits
{"title":"Intraoperatives Floppy-Iris-Syndrom – Gibt es Neuigkeiten zur systemischen Medikation?","authors":"B. Weingessel, Jolanda Steininger, T. Spöttl, W. Huf, B. Reiter, Christina Bräuer, Saskia Tipotsch-Maca, V. Vécsei-Marlovits","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00518-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00518-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"36 1","pages":"128 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41603415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-18DOI: 10.1186/s41235-022-00363-z
Jennifer L Crawford, Sarah A Eisenstein, Jonathan E Peelle, Todd S Braver
Stable individual differences in cognitive motivation (i.e., the tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities) have been documented with self-report measures, yet convergent support for a trait-level construct is still lacking. In the present study, we used an innovative decision-making paradigm (COG-ED) to quantify the costs of cognitive effort, a metric of cognitive motivation, across two distinct cognitive domains: working memory (an N-back task) and speech comprehension (understanding spoken sentences in background noise). We hypothesized that cognitive motivation operates similarly within individuals, regardless of domain. Specifically, in 104 adults aged 18-40 years, we tested whether individual differences in effort costs are stable across domains, even after controlling for other potential sources of shared individual variation. Conversely, we evaluated whether the costs of cognitive effort across domains may be better explained in terms of other relevant cognitive and personality-related constructs, such as working memory capacity or reward sensitivity. We confirmed a reliable association among effort costs in both domains, even when these other sources of individual variation, as well as task load, are statistically controlled. Taken together, these results add support for trait-level variation in cognitive motivation impacting effort-based decision making across multiple domains.
{"title":"Domain-general cognitive motivation: Evidence from economic decision-making - Final Registered Report.","authors":"Jennifer L Crawford, Sarah A Eisenstein, Jonathan E Peelle, Todd S Braver","doi":"10.1186/s41235-022-00363-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-022-00363-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stable individual differences in cognitive motivation (i.e., the tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activities) have been documented with self-report measures, yet convergent support for a trait-level construct is still lacking. In the present study, we used an innovative decision-making paradigm (COG-ED) to quantify the costs of cognitive effort, a metric of cognitive motivation, across two distinct cognitive domains: working memory (an N-back task) and speech comprehension (understanding spoken sentences in background noise). We hypothesized that cognitive motivation operates similarly within individuals, regardless of domain. Specifically, in 104 adults aged 18-40 years, we tested whether individual differences in effort costs are stable across domains, even after controlling for other potential sources of shared individual variation. Conversely, we evaluated whether the costs of cognitive effort across domains may be better explained in terms of other relevant cognitive and personality-related constructs, such as working memory capacity or reward sensitivity. We confirmed a reliable association among effort costs in both domains, even when these other sources of individual variation, as well as task load, are statistically controlled. Taken together, these results add support for trait-level variation in cognitive motivation impacting effort-based decision making across multiple domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"11 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8931160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73272872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1007/s00717-022-00516-x
M. Rabinovich, K. Gillmann, U. Birk, Nir Shoham-Hazon, Jean-Marc Baumgartner
{"title":"Evaluation of ocular manifestations in Parkinson disease and their change during a 2-year follow-up","authors":"M. Rabinovich, K. Gillmann, U. Birk, Nir Shoham-Hazon, Jean-Marc Baumgartner","doi":"10.1007/s00717-022-00516-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00717-022-00516-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"109 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44940621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Produktinformation","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/BF03162985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03162985","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21826,"journal":{"name":"Spektrum der Augenheilkunde","volume":"6 1","pages":"130-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/BF03162985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51954478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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