Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2157794
Akpoduado Marc Onovaye, O. O. Ikhimiukor, O. O. Adelowo
ABSTRACT Automobile Mechanic Workshops (AMWs) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) contribute to the problem of soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic heavy metals as a result of indiscriminate disposal of spent engine oil (SEO). Such contaminated soil ecosystems can serve as reservoirs of bacteria harboring adaptive tolerance to metals and hydrocarbons as well as resistance to antibiotics. This study investigated the growth response of bacteria isolated from spent engine oil contaminated soils collected from AMWs in South-West, Nigeria to different concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and their mixture) and clinically relevant antibiotics. Sixty percent of the bacterial isolates (n = 192) from the hydrocarbon contaminated soil samples possess the unique ability to metabolize various hydrocarbons, tolerate heavy metals and resist at least one of the tested antibiotics. The isolates were identified as members of the Genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Actinomycetes, Citrobacter and Serratia. Significant correlation (p < .05) was observed between hydrocarbon utilization and antibiotic resistance. Results showed SEO contamination plays a role in the development and spread of antibiotic resistance in the soil ecosystem. Thus, it is necessary to enforce stricter regulations on the disposal of SEO and other petroleum hydrocarbons to limit their human and environment associated hazards.
{"title":"Response of Bacteria Isolated from Spent Engine Oil Contaminated Soil to Hydrocarbons, Metals and Antibiotics","authors":"Akpoduado Marc Onovaye, O. O. Ikhimiukor, O. O. Adelowo","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2157794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2157794","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Automobile Mechanic Workshops (AMWs) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) contribute to the problem of soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic heavy metals as a result of indiscriminate disposal of spent engine oil (SEO). Such contaminated soil ecosystems can serve as reservoirs of bacteria harboring adaptive tolerance to metals and hydrocarbons as well as resistance to antibiotics. This study investigated the growth response of bacteria isolated from spent engine oil contaminated soils collected from AMWs in South-West, Nigeria to different concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb and their mixture) and clinically relevant antibiotics. Sixty percent of the bacterial isolates (n = 192) from the hydrocarbon contaminated soil samples possess the unique ability to metabolize various hydrocarbons, tolerate heavy metals and resist at least one of the tested antibiotics. The isolates were identified as members of the Genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Burkholderia, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Actinomycetes, Citrobacter and Serratia. Significant correlation (p < .05) was observed between hydrocarbon utilization and antibiotic resistance. Results showed SEO contamination plays a role in the development and spread of antibiotic resistance in the soil ecosystem. Thus, it is necessary to enforce stricter regulations on the disposal of SEO and other petroleum hydrocarbons to limit their human and environment associated hazards.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"954 - 969"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89520508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Hunan Province has abundant mineral resources in China. Due to unreasonable mining, serious Cd contamination is highlighted in paddy soil. In addition, the long-term use of acidic chemical fertilizers causes that the soil is seriously acidified, and Cd possesses the high bioavailability under acidic conditions, which is easily absorbed by rice, resulting in excess Cd accumulation in rice grains. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been reported as an efficient in-situ stabilizer for Cd remediation. In this work, two kinds of LDHs (MgAl-LDH/Ca(OH)2 (102A) and CaAl-LDH (112A)) are used for the first time in the remediation of Cd-contaminated acidic paddy soil in Hunan Province. The location of experimental field is in a village, Heshan District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, China. The basic characteristics of the soil are as follows: clay, silt, sand, pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter, and total Cd are 49.3%, 48.0%, 2.7%, 5.20, 2.63 g·kg−1, 16.90 mg·kg−1, 96.00 mg·kg−1, 11.60 cmol·kg−1, 42.31 g·kg−1 and 0.530 mg·kg−1, respectively. Herein, the applications of 102A, 112A and mixture of 102A and 112A have increased the soil pH value and decreased the available Cd content of the soil effectively. They show excellent performance in reducing the Cd content of rice grains. Group A4 (3 t/ha 102A) demonstrates the most effective Cd passivation efficiency, the available Cd content in the soil has reduced by 66.8%. The Cd content of early rice grains and late rice grains are 0.093 and 0.113 mg·kg−1, respectively, which is below the standard value of Cd in rice grain (0.2 mg·kg−1, GB 2762–2017), while the Cd content is 0.403 and 0.547 mg·kg−1 in the control group field, respectively. This work provides an alternative approach to remediate the Cd contamination in practical paddy soil.
{"title":"In-situ Immobilization of Cd in Acidic Paddy Soil of Hunan Province, China by Layered Double Hydroxides","authors":"YU Peng, Biao Li, Shun Li, Hui Liu, Zhiguo Wang, Chun Zhang, Wei Huang","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2157375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2157375","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hunan Province has abundant mineral resources in China. Due to unreasonable mining, serious Cd contamination is highlighted in paddy soil. In addition, the long-term use of acidic chemical fertilizers causes that the soil is seriously acidified, and Cd possesses the high bioavailability under acidic conditions, which is easily absorbed by rice, resulting in excess Cd accumulation in rice grains. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been reported as an efficient in-situ stabilizer for Cd remediation. In this work, two kinds of LDHs (MgAl-LDH/Ca(OH)2 (102A) and CaAl-LDH (112A)) are used for the first time in the remediation of Cd-contaminated acidic paddy soil in Hunan Province. The location of experimental field is in a village, Heshan District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, China. The basic characteristics of the soil are as follows: clay, silt, sand, pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter, and total Cd are 49.3%, 48.0%, 2.7%, 5.20, 2.63 g·kg−1, 16.90 mg·kg−1, 96.00 mg·kg−1, 11.60 cmol·kg−1, 42.31 g·kg−1 and 0.530 mg·kg−1, respectively. Herein, the applications of 102A, 112A and mixture of 102A and 112A have increased the soil pH value and decreased the available Cd content of the soil effectively. They show excellent performance in reducing the Cd content of rice grains. Group A4 (3 t/ha 102A) demonstrates the most effective Cd passivation efficiency, the available Cd content in the soil has reduced by 66.8%. The Cd content of early rice grains and late rice grains are 0.093 and 0.113 mg·kg−1, respectively, which is below the standard value of Cd in rice grain (0.2 mg·kg−1, GB 2762–2017), while the Cd content is 0.403 and 0.547 mg·kg−1 in the control group field, respectively. This work provides an alternative approach to remediate the Cd contamination in practical paddy soil.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"926 - 940"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74380014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2157376
Wenjie Xu, Quanlin Zhao, Zhengfang Ye
ABSTRACT In China, about 1.5 × 105 m3 soil was contaminated by TNT red water, which contained mainly dinitrotoluene sulfonates (DNTS). These nitroaromatic explosives are toxic and exhibit human mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Biotechnology capable of decontaminating these contaminated sites and applicable to a larger scale field application was in urgent need. A two-year pilot study was conducted in the TNT red water contaminated sites (1000 m3). The sites were treated by integrated treatment technologies of “Desorption-Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation-Phytoremediation.” Soil samples were taken every six months to determine the concentration of nitro-aromatic compounds. Acute toxicity and Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity tests were conducted to evaluate the remediation effect. After 2 years of remediation, the total nitroaromatic compounds were effectively removed, with the average removal efficiency of 99.88% and 90.47% in sites planted with alfalfa and reed, respectively. The toxicity was significantly reduced. The average luminescence inhibition ratio reduced from 92.64% to 3.37% and 29.16%, respectively. The soil microbial activity was significantly improved, with the highest FDA hydrolase activity in the surface layer. The remediation costs for the treatment of 1 cubic meter of contaminated soil were estimated to approximately $126 US. The integrated technologies used have huge potential for decontaminating munitions contaminated sites.
{"title":"In Situ Remediation of TNT Red Water Contaminated Soil: Field Demonstration","authors":"Wenjie Xu, Quanlin Zhao, Zhengfang Ye","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2157376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2157376","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In China, about 1.5 × 105 m3 soil was contaminated by TNT red water, which contained mainly dinitrotoluene sulfonates (DNTS). These nitroaromatic explosives are toxic and exhibit human mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Biotechnology capable of decontaminating these contaminated sites and applicable to a larger scale field application was in urgent need. A two-year pilot study was conducted in the TNT red water contaminated sites (1000 m3). The sites were treated by integrated treatment technologies of “Desorption-Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation-Phytoremediation.” Soil samples were taken every six months to determine the concentration of nitro-aromatic compounds. Acute toxicity and Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity tests were conducted to evaluate the remediation effect. After 2 years of remediation, the total nitroaromatic compounds were effectively removed, with the average removal efficiency of 99.88% and 90.47% in sites planted with alfalfa and reed, respectively. The toxicity was significantly reduced. The average luminescence inhibition ratio reduced from 92.64% to 3.37% and 29.16%, respectively. The soil microbial activity was significantly improved, with the highest FDA hydrolase activity in the surface layer. The remediation costs for the treatment of 1 cubic meter of contaminated soil were estimated to approximately $126 US. The integrated technologies used have huge potential for decontaminating munitions contaminated sites.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"941 - 953"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78588899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The mechanism of biochar remediation of heavy metal contamination in soils has been studied quite a lot, but there are still many uncertainties about the effect of interaction between biochar and functional bacteria that adsorb and leach heavy metals. In this paper, we conducted a pot experiment to investigate in depth the effects of biochar, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, and their combined treatment on heavy metal contents (Cr, As, Cd, and Pb) in soil and lettuce by using biochar and A. ferrooxidans. The results showed that biochar, A. ferrooxidans, and combined treatment increased soil pH by 42.55 ~ 51.06% and decreased the content of heavy metals in soil (0.07 ~ 60.80%). The average decrease was as follows: combined treatment (28.42%) > biochar (22.35%) > A. ferrooxidans (18.94%). All three treatments reduced the content of heavy metals in lettuce (26.19–84.42%), and the average size was combined treatment (60.82%) > biochar (52.55%) > A. ferrooxidans (44.00%). Biochar and A. ferrooxidans inhibited the enrichment of heavy metals in lettuce and promoted the growth of lettuce and the increase of nutrients. The combination of biochar and A. ferrooxidans can effectively control soil heavy metal pollution. The combined treatment can reduce the heavy metal content of lettuce and promote its growth, which is an excellent material for soil heavy metal deterrent control and has distinguished application prospects.
{"title":"Effect of Biochar and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on Heavy Metal Content in Soil and Lettuce","authors":"Xiuyuan Yang, Zhenming Zhang, Jiachun Zhang, Xianliang Wu, Wenmin Luo, Guiting Mu","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2154746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2154746","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The mechanism of biochar remediation of heavy metal contamination in soils has been studied quite a lot, but there are still many uncertainties about the effect of interaction between biochar and functional bacteria that adsorb and leach heavy metals. In this paper, we conducted a pot experiment to investigate in depth the effects of biochar, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, and their combined treatment on heavy metal contents (Cr, As, Cd, and Pb) in soil and lettuce by using biochar and A. ferrooxidans. The results showed that biochar, A. ferrooxidans, and combined treatment increased soil pH by 42.55 ~ 51.06% and decreased the content of heavy metals in soil (0.07 ~ 60.80%). The average decrease was as follows: combined treatment (28.42%) > biochar (22.35%) > A. ferrooxidans (18.94%). All three treatments reduced the content of heavy metals in lettuce (26.19–84.42%), and the average size was combined treatment (60.82%) > biochar (52.55%) > A. ferrooxidans (44.00%). Biochar and A. ferrooxidans inhibited the enrichment of heavy metals in lettuce and promoted the growth of lettuce and the increase of nutrients. The combination of biochar and A. ferrooxidans can effectively control soil heavy metal pollution. The combined treatment can reduce the heavy metal content of lettuce and promote its growth, which is an excellent material for soil heavy metal deterrent control and has distinguished application prospects.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"910 - 925"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83667849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2143479
S. V. Mojtahed Sistani, H. Negahdar, Fatemeh F. Bamoharram, M. Shakeri
ABSTRACT Regarding the development of cities and the production of large volumes of urban wastewater and the lack of a suitable wastewater disposal system, leakage from wastewater pipes and wells, in addition to environmental hazards, changes the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil over time. Therefore, as the first phase, negative effects of the wastewater on geotechnical parameters and clay soil microstructure were investigated. Atterberg limits the experiments, triaxial compression, consolidation, XRD and SEM analysis were conducted on samples contaminated with 20%, 60%, and 100% of urban wastewater after 1, 3 and 5 months curing. As the second phase, for soil remediation, the mentioned experiments were performed after adding 0.5–4% N.A(α-Aluminum oxide nanoparticles), N.I(α-Iron oxide nanoparticles), and AI nanohybrid into the contaminated soil. The results show that the wastewater reduces maximum dry density (17.3–15.6 kN/m3), plasticity index (14.8–7.8%), and cohesion (42.3–17.3 kPa), and increases the liquid limit (30.4–35.2%), plastic limit (15.6–27.4%) optimum moisture content (18.7–24.1%), internal friction angle (7.1–9.6°) and compression index (0.139–0.258). Besides, XRD analysis showed a decline in mineral amounts and SEM analysis indicated an increase in pores and flocculated clay structure formation in contaminated soil. Furthermore, by adding the nanoparticles to contaminated soil, soil structure remediation, growth in some minerals amount, and soil-nanoparticles bonding creation were observed in microstructural analysis, resulting in the increase of maximum dry density (15.6–18.5 kN/m3), cohesion (17.3–46.9 kPa), and internal friction angle (9.6–19.1°), and decline in soil optimum moisture content (24.1–17.2%), liquid limit (35.2–22.6%), plastic limit (27.4–17%), plasticity index (7.8–4.4%), and compression index (0.258–0.108). Finally, the mentioned method is recommended to remediate the wastewater-contaminated soils. Finally, utilizing AI nanohybrid as an effective factor to improve wastewater-contaminated soil is recommended, it improves the engineering behavior of contaminated soils and decreases the destructive effects of this type of pollution in the earth’s environment.
{"title":"Geotechnical properties and microstructure of clay contaminated with urban wastewater and remediated with α-Aluminum oxide/α-Iron oxide nanohybrid","authors":"S. V. Mojtahed Sistani, H. Negahdar, Fatemeh F. Bamoharram, M. Shakeri","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2143479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2143479","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Regarding the development of cities and the production of large volumes of urban wastewater and the lack of a suitable wastewater disposal system, leakage from wastewater pipes and wells, in addition to environmental hazards, changes the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil over time. Therefore, as the first phase, negative effects of the wastewater on geotechnical parameters and clay soil microstructure were investigated. Atterberg limits the experiments, triaxial compression, consolidation, XRD and SEM analysis were conducted on samples contaminated with 20%, 60%, and 100% of urban wastewater after 1, 3 and 5 months curing. As the second phase, for soil remediation, the mentioned experiments were performed after adding 0.5–4% N.A(α-Aluminum oxide nanoparticles), N.I(α-Iron oxide nanoparticles), and AI nanohybrid into the contaminated soil. The results show that the wastewater reduces maximum dry density (17.3–15.6 kN/m3), plasticity index (14.8–7.8%), and cohesion (42.3–17.3 kPa), and increases the liquid limit (30.4–35.2%), plastic limit (15.6–27.4%) optimum moisture content (18.7–24.1%), internal friction angle (7.1–9.6°) and compression index (0.139–0.258). Besides, XRD analysis showed a decline in mineral amounts and SEM analysis indicated an increase in pores and flocculated clay structure formation in contaminated soil. Furthermore, by adding the nanoparticles to contaminated soil, soil structure remediation, growth in some minerals amount, and soil-nanoparticles bonding creation were observed in microstructural analysis, resulting in the increase of maximum dry density (15.6–18.5 kN/m3), cohesion (17.3–46.9 kPa), and internal friction angle (9.6–19.1°), and decline in soil optimum moisture content (24.1–17.2%), liquid limit (35.2–22.6%), plastic limit (27.4–17%), plasticity index (7.8–4.4%), and compression index (0.258–0.108). Finally, the mentioned method is recommended to remediate the wastewater-contaminated soils. Finally, utilizing AI nanohybrid as an effective factor to improve wastewater-contaminated soil is recommended, it improves the engineering behavior of contaminated soils and decreases the destructive effects of this type of pollution in the earth’s environment.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"248 1","pages":"812 - 842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77033193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2149693
M. El-Alfy, H. Eissa, Hazem T. Abd El-Hamid
ABSTRACT To evaluate radiation risks and the exposure to human and marine life, samples of marine sediments were taken along Mediterranean Sea Coastline and Lake Burullus, Egypt. The current study sought to evaluate the levels of 226Ra, 238U, 232Th and 40K radioactive elements in surface sediments as well as their ecological concerns and potential sources using remote sensing and GIS. The multivariate statistical analyses were done to assume the inter-relationships between the radiological indexes and concentrations. The activity of radionuclides concentrations in sediments for 226Ra, 238U, 232Th and 40K were 13.81, 9.08, 15.28 and 155.48 Bq/kg, and 7.29, 5.84, 8.2 and 136.98 Bq/Kg for Lake Burullus and Sea, respectively. It is obvious that radionuclides concentrations are more in the lake than those of the sea, due to the nature of geological and tectonic structures of the lake. The activity concentration of 226Ra didn’t exceed the world averages recorded by UNSCEAR but 40K value exceeded this limit twice. The higher levels of 226Ra were due to anthropogenic activities, Soil type and geological components which may influence the concentrations of the radionuclides. The multivariate analyses showed different trends to site 3 than other sites and different trend to 40K than other radionuclides. Partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis indicated decrease in the elements in the area of Lake Burullus and increase in the coastline of Mediterranean Sea. With the exception of 40k, all results indicated that radioactive pollution is safe and may not pose threat to human or the environment. Nevertheless, it is advised to apply cost–benefit analysis to maximize radiation protection.
{"title":"Environmental and Human Risk Assessment of Radioactive Pollution in Sediments of Northern Nile Delta, Egypt","authors":"M. El-Alfy, H. Eissa, Hazem T. Abd El-Hamid","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2149693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2149693","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To evaluate radiation risks and the exposure to human and marine life, samples of marine sediments were taken along Mediterranean Sea Coastline and Lake Burullus, Egypt. The current study sought to evaluate the levels of 226Ra, 238U, 232Th and 40K radioactive elements in surface sediments as well as their ecological concerns and potential sources using remote sensing and GIS. The multivariate statistical analyses were done to assume the inter-relationships between the radiological indexes and concentrations. The activity of radionuclides concentrations in sediments for 226Ra, 238U, 232Th and 40K were 13.81, 9.08, 15.28 and 155.48 Bq/kg, and 7.29, 5.84, 8.2 and 136.98 Bq/Kg for Lake Burullus and Sea, respectively. It is obvious that radionuclides concentrations are more in the lake than those of the sea, due to the nature of geological and tectonic structures of the lake. The activity concentration of 226Ra didn’t exceed the world averages recorded by UNSCEAR but 40K value exceeded this limit twice. The higher levels of 226Ra were due to anthropogenic activities, Soil type and geological components which may influence the concentrations of the radionuclides. The multivariate analyses showed different trends to site 3 than other sites and different trend to 40K than other radionuclides. Partial least squares regression (PLS) analysis indicated decrease in the elements in the area of Lake Burullus and increase in the coastline of Mediterranean Sea. With the exception of 40k, all results indicated that radioactive pollution is safe and may not pose threat to human or the environment. Nevertheless, it is advised to apply cost–benefit analysis to maximize radiation protection.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"893 - 909"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81574061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2145267
M. Kacem, Jihène Aissaoui, A. Mgaidi, P. Dubujet
ABSTRACT In the present paper, we focus on the study of the transport of mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds (Pyrene and lead) on unsaturated soil at two different water saturations. The soil used is a mixture of sand, clay, and organic matter. The transport of solutes exhibiting different sorption characteristics under steady-state conditions at 0.3 and 0.21 volumetric water contents (VWC) of the porous medium was experimentally investigated in a column. The Thomas model and the two-site first-order approach were used for modeling the adsorption/desorption steps. As the first results, the adsorption and desorption of mono- compound show a strong fixation of the lead than for the pyrene. In addition, the coexisting pollutant tests show the decrease of the lead and pyrene adsorption on soil and the decrease in lead retention after the desorption step. Tests with lower VWC show enhancement of lead adsorption with the multipollutant condition. The model approach shows that the equilibrium condition is not appropriate for all tests even for the lead adsorption.
{"title":"Pyrene and lead transport in unsaturated soil at two different water saturations","authors":"M. Kacem, Jihène Aissaoui, A. Mgaidi, P. Dubujet","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2145267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2145267","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the present paper, we focus on the study of the transport of mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds (Pyrene and lead) on unsaturated soil at two different water saturations. The soil used is a mixture of sand, clay, and organic matter. The transport of solutes exhibiting different sorption characteristics under steady-state conditions at 0.3 and 0.21 volumetric water contents (VWC) of the porous medium was experimentally investigated in a column. The Thomas model and the two-site first-order approach were used for modeling the adsorption/desorption steps. As the first results, the adsorption and desorption of mono- compound show a strong fixation of the lead than for the pyrene. In addition, the coexisting pollutant tests show the decrease of the lead and pyrene adsorption on soil and the decrease in lead retention after the desorption step. Tests with lower VWC show enhancement of lead adsorption with the multipollutant condition. The model approach shows that the equilibrium condition is not appropriate for all tests even for the lead adsorption.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"289 1","pages":"862 - 877"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75206548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2143480
Gizem Eker Sanli, Yücel Tasdemir
ABSTRACT Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can travel in ambient air for long distances and exchange between different environments. Soil and ambient air samples were simultaneously gathered during the winter and summer months in 7 regions in Bursa, Turkey, to study spatio-temporal fluctuations and soil-air exchange of PCBs. Σ25 PCB concentrations for the winter and summer seasons were 0.007–0.04 ng/m3 and 0.03–0.24 ng/m3 in air, also 4.09–10.00 ng/g DM and 1.65–10.01 ng/g DM in soil, respectively. PCB concentrations showed spatial variations in air and soil samples. The lowest total PCB levels were measured both in air and soil samples in the R (rural) site. The highest Σ25 PCB concentrations were measured in the SR3 site in soil samples, while the I1 site was the most polluted in air samples. Ambient air concentrations of PCBs in the summer months were greater than those in winter. In SR1, SR2, SR3, and I1 sites, soil PCB levels in the summer were higher than in the winter. The opposite was observed in the other sites (R, U, I2). Net flux values and fugacity fraction (ff) values for all regions indicated that PCBs represented a transfer from soil to air. The air-soil net gas phase flux values changed between 0.04 - 1.01 ng/m2-day and 0.02–0.83 ng/m2-day in the summer and winter, respectively. The PCB homologous distributions of mean flux values differed depending on the regions and seasons. PCBs with 4- and 5-CBs were dominant in both seasons.
{"title":"Temporal Variations of PCBs and Their Estimated Air-Soil Exchange Fluxes Measured in Seven Sites in Bursa-Turkey","authors":"Gizem Eker Sanli, Yücel Tasdemir","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2143480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2143480","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can travel in ambient air for long distances and exchange between different environments. Soil and ambient air samples were simultaneously gathered during the winter and summer months in 7 regions in Bursa, Turkey, to study spatio-temporal fluctuations and soil-air exchange of PCBs. Σ25 PCB concentrations for the winter and summer seasons were 0.007–0.04 ng/m3 and 0.03–0.24 ng/m3 in air, also 4.09–10.00 ng/g DM and 1.65–10.01 ng/g DM in soil, respectively. PCB concentrations showed spatial variations in air and soil samples. The lowest total PCB levels were measured both in air and soil samples in the R (rural) site. The highest Σ25 PCB concentrations were measured in the SR3 site in soil samples, while the I1 site was the most polluted in air samples. Ambient air concentrations of PCBs in the summer months were greater than those in winter. In SR1, SR2, SR3, and I1 sites, soil PCB levels in the summer were higher than in the winter. The opposite was observed in the other sites (R, U, I2). Net flux values and fugacity fraction (ff) values for all regions indicated that PCBs represented a transfer from soil to air. The air-soil net gas phase flux values changed between 0.04 - 1.01 ng/m2-day and 0.02–0.83 ng/m2-day in the summer and winter, respectively. The PCB homologous distributions of mean flux values differed depending on the regions and seasons. PCBs with 4- and 5-CBs were dominant in both seasons.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"96 1","pages":"843 - 861"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85215701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2145268
Hao Wu, Hui Wang, Tony R. Walker, Xiaoxu Wang, Yinggang Wang, Li-na Sun
ABSTRACT Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated agricultural soil is widespread globally. To develop a cost-effective remediation technique to effectively degrade PAH contaminated agricultural soil without disturbing crop production, an in-situ co-remediation of PAH contaminated agricultural soil using blood meal and celery was assessed in an agricultural greenhouse. Results showed PAH dissipation rates increased significantly in agricultural soil when co-remediated by blood meal and celery. Planting celery and addition of 5 g•kg−1 blood meal removed 53.13% of PAHs within three months. Residual PAH concentrations in plant tissue were much lower than China Standard food limits. Results indicated the ability of celery to enhance bioavailability of PAHs, and create favorable conditions for microbial, rather than direct plant uptake, played a vital role in degradation of PAHs. Addition of blood meal significantly enhanced soil enzyme activity and PAH degradation, and increased PAH remediation rate with optimal addition of blood meal (5 g•kg−1). Celery enhanced bioavailability of PAHs. Blood meal increased soil enzyme activity and increased PAH degrading bacterial activity, which acted as the main remediation pathway to co-remediate PAHs, where celery was safe to eat. Therefore, a novel in-situ agricultural soil PAH remedial method, which did not disturb normal agricultural production during remediation is presented in this study.
{"title":"In-situ co-remediation of PAHs contaminated agricultural soil using blood meal and celery: An agricultural greenhouse field study","authors":"Hao Wu, Hui Wang, Tony R. Walker, Xiaoxu Wang, Yinggang Wang, Li-na Sun","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2145268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2145268","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated agricultural soil is widespread globally. To develop a cost-effective remediation technique to effectively degrade PAH contaminated agricultural soil without disturbing crop production, an in-situ co-remediation of PAH contaminated agricultural soil using blood meal and celery was assessed in an agricultural greenhouse. Results showed PAH dissipation rates increased significantly in agricultural soil when co-remediated by blood meal and celery. Planting celery and addition of 5 g•kg−1 blood meal removed 53.13% of PAHs within three months. Residual PAH concentrations in plant tissue were much lower than China Standard food limits. Results indicated the ability of celery to enhance bioavailability of PAHs, and create favorable conditions for microbial, rather than direct plant uptake, played a vital role in degradation of PAHs. Addition of blood meal significantly enhanced soil enzyme activity and PAH degradation, and increased PAH remediation rate with optimal addition of blood meal (5 g•kg−1). Celery enhanced bioavailability of PAHs. Blood meal increased soil enzyme activity and increased PAH degrading bacterial activity, which acted as the main remediation pathway to co-remediate PAHs, where celery was safe to eat. Therefore, a novel in-situ agricultural soil PAH remedial method, which did not disturb normal agricultural production during remediation is presented in this study.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":"878 - 892"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86849029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2141684
Zhuang Kun, Cai Yankun, Chen Wende, Peng Peihao
ABSTRACT To understand the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in soil and identify the source of heavy metals, 342 surface soil samples were collected in Chongqing, China. The contents of 11 heavy metals (i.e., arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), antimony (Sb), manganese (Mn), and molybdenum (Mo)) were determined. The Principal Component analysis/absolute Principal component fraction (PCA/APCS) receptor model, the classified regression (CATREG) model, and the hot spot model were employed to analyze the data. The contents of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Hg, Sb, Mn, and Mo in soil were 5.80, 0.13, 76.56, 25.55, 23.99, 75.58, 30.50, 0.05, 0.64, 573.32, and 0.56 mg·kg−1, respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that the main heavy metal elements under the first principal component load were Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, Pb, and Cd. The second principal component is mainly loaded with Mo, As, Hg, and Sb. The results of classified regression analysis showed that population density mainly affected Cu (0.54), soil mainly affected Ni (0.41), Sb (0.49), Zn (0.47), and Mn (0.21), and water quality mainly affected As (0.45) and Mo (0.37). Air quality mainly affected Cd (0.33) and Cr (0.37), traffic activity mainly affected Hg (0.31), and slope mainly affected Pb (0.31). The research results can be used to trace the environmental sources of soil heavy metals, fundamentally prevent and repair soil heavy metal pollution, and protect urban soil environmental quality.
{"title":"Source identification and spatial distribution of heavy metals in soil of central urban area of Chongqing, China","authors":"Zhuang Kun, Cai Yankun, Chen Wende, Peng Peihao","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2141684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2141684","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To understand the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in soil and identify the source of heavy metals, 342 surface soil samples were collected in Chongqing, China. The contents of 11 heavy metals (i.e., arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), antimony (Sb), manganese (Mn), and molybdenum (Mo)) were determined. The Principal Component analysis/absolute Principal component fraction (PCA/APCS) receptor model, the classified regression (CATREG) model, and the hot spot model were employed to analyze the data. The contents of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Hg, Sb, Mn, and Mo in soil were 5.80, 0.13, 76.56, 25.55, 23.99, 75.58, 30.50, 0.05, 0.64, 573.32, and 0.56 mg·kg−1, respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that the main heavy metal elements under the first principal component load were Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, Pb, and Cd. The second principal component is mainly loaded with Mo, As, Hg, and Sb. The results of classified regression analysis showed that population density mainly affected Cu (0.54), soil mainly affected Ni (0.41), Sb (0.49), Zn (0.47), and Mn (0.21), and water quality mainly affected As (0.45) and Mo (0.37). Air quality mainly affected Cd (0.33) and Cr (0.37), traffic activity mainly affected Hg (0.31), and slope mainly affected Pb (0.31). The research results can be used to trace the environmental sources of soil heavy metals, fundamentally prevent and repair soil heavy metal pollution, and protect urban soil environmental quality.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"771 - 788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79567523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：