Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2023.2174070
Harshdeep Kaur, P. Kaur, Sandeep Savitaprakash Sharma, M. S. Bhullar
{"title":"Response of Soil Enzymatic and Microbial Activities to Mixture Formulation of Mesosulfuron Methyl and Iodosulfuron Methyl and Its Degradation in Soil","authors":"Harshdeep Kaur, P. Kaur, Sandeep Savitaprakash Sharma, M. S. Bhullar","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2023.2174070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2023.2174070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82584497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2023.2170976
MUHAJIR Mussa Kwikima, Y. Chebude, B. T. Meshesha
ABSTRACT Thermal modification of blended feedstocks has recently gained popularity, due to its importance in improving biochar yield and features, such as pore structure and adding extra functional groups than pristine ones and thus improving adsorption effectiveness against a range of pollutants. In this study, the biochar made up of blended bamboo sawdust and rice husk has been investigated on its effectiveness on Cd2+ sorption processes controlling the accessibility and mobility of this metal in agro-soil. In a set of batch experiments, the effect of a 10% w/w biochar (carbonized at 400°C and 700°C) to soil ratio at various blending ratios (1:1, 1:3, and 3:1) on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of Cd2+ in agricultural clay soil incubated for 60 days was investigated. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were also studied to examine adsorption mechanism at pH of 8, initial solute concentration 200 mg/L, ionic strength of 0.01 M (NaNO3), Contact time of 180 min, and adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g. For adsorption kinetics, pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, elovich, and intra-particle diffusion models were fitted, while Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin Radushkevich models were fitted in isotherm study. According to the findings, increasing the carbonization temperature (400–700°C) boosted the effectiveness of cadmium removal substantially (70–96%), the best adsorption capacity of 130 mg/g was obtained at 700°C. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of biochar blending ratios was not significantly different. Similarly, as the carbonization temperature was increased, the rate of Cd2+ adsorption increased dramatically, whereas the rate of Cd2+ desorption dropped. Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and Pseudo-second order kinetic model were found to fit best (R2 = 0.99) on isotherm and kinetics studies, respectively. It can be concluded that employing blended feedstock biochar could improve soil immobilization efficiency for Cd2+ in agricultural fields.
{"title":"Enhancement of Agrosoil Cd2+ Immobilization Efficiency through Incubation with Bamboo Sawdust/Rice Husk Biochar Blends: The Effect of Carbonization Temperature and Blending Ratio","authors":"MUHAJIR Mussa Kwikima, Y. Chebude, B. T. Meshesha","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2023.2170976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2023.2170976","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Thermal modification of blended feedstocks has recently gained popularity, due to its importance in improving biochar yield and features, such as pore structure and adding extra functional groups than pristine ones and thus improving adsorption effectiveness against a range of pollutants. In this study, the biochar made up of blended bamboo sawdust and rice husk has been investigated on its effectiveness on Cd2+ sorption processes controlling the accessibility and mobility of this metal in agro-soil. In a set of batch experiments, the effect of a 10% w/w biochar (carbonized at 400°C and 700°C) to soil ratio at various blending ratios (1:1, 1:3, and 3:1) on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of Cd2+ in agricultural clay soil incubated for 60 days was investigated. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were also studied to examine adsorption mechanism at pH of 8, initial solute concentration 200 mg/L, ionic strength of 0.01 M (NaNO3), Contact time of 180 min, and adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g. For adsorption kinetics, pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, elovich, and intra-particle diffusion models were fitted, while Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin Radushkevich models were fitted in isotherm study. According to the findings, increasing the carbonization temperature (400–700°C) boosted the effectiveness of cadmium removal substantially (70–96%), the best adsorption capacity of 130 mg/g was obtained at 700°C. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency of biochar blending ratios was not significantly different. Similarly, as the carbonization temperature was increased, the rate of Cd2+ adsorption increased dramatically, whereas the rate of Cd2+ desorption dropped. Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and Pseudo-second order kinetic model were found to fit best (R2 = 0.99) on isotherm and kinetics studies, respectively. It can be concluded that employing blended feedstock biochar could improve soil immobilization efficiency for Cd2+ in agricultural fields.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1116 - 1138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75655636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-06DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2023.2172381
G. U. Sikakwe, God’swill Abam Eyong, Benneth Uduak Ilaomo
ABSTRACT Soil contamination with TEs around mining areas without monitoring and risk assessment has serious human health implications. Soil samples were collected around the Abakaliki Pb-Zn mine sites. Lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), barium (Ba), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr) and major oxides were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence technique. Acidity (pH), redox potential (Eh), electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were analyzed using pH/conductivity meter. The mean value of pH (6.4) reflects moderately acidic soils, while means of 422, 182 and 295 mg kg− for EC, TDS and Eh, respectively, indicated less conductive soils. Zn obtained the highest mean (42023 mg kg−) and Cr the least (14.8 mg kg−). Silicon (iv) oxide (SiO2) recorded the highest mean of 44.7 mg kg− while chromium oxide (Cr2O3) had the least mean (0.02 mg kg−). Strong positive correlation among Pb, Zn and Mn indicated that they had a common source. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that sources of elements are from weathering of galena and sphalerite deposits. Pb means for contamination factor (Cf), geo accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk (EiR) and potential ecological risk index (IR) are 726, 4.8, 3632 and 4120, respectively. The results show that the soil in the region has reached the heavily extremely contaminated level and very high risk level. Ingestion is the major pathway for non-carcinogenic risk, and children are more vulnerable to carcinogenic risk than adults. Hazard quotient (HQ) and total hazard index (HI) values in few locations showed the possibility of humans contracting cancer. Lifetime average daily dose (LADD) values of carcinogenic risk (9.12 × 10−6, 2.3 × 10−6 and 3.92 × 10−5) exceeded the upper and lower limits of 1 × 10−4 and 1 × 10−6. This study is invaluable in assessing ecological and health risk in agricultural soils around mining areas.
未经监测和风险评估的矿区周边土壤TEs污染对人类健康有严重影响。在Abakaliki铅锌矿附近采集了土壤样本。采用x射线荧光技术对铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铬(Cr)、钡(Ba)、铷(Rb)、锶(Sr)及其主要氧化物进行了分析。采用pH/电导率仪对其酸度(pH)、氧化还原电位(Eh)、电导率(EC)和总溶解固形物(TDS)进行分析。pH平均值(6.4)反映了中等酸性土壤，而EC、TDS和Eh的平均值分别为422、182和295 mg kg -，表明土壤的导电性较差。Zn的平均值最高(42023 mg kg -)， Cr的平均值最低(14.8 mg kg -)。氧化硅(SiO2)的平均值最高，为44.7 mg kg -，而氧化铬(Cr2O3)的平均值最低，为0.02 mg kg -。Pb、Zn、Mn具有较强的正相关关系，表明它们具有共同的来源。主成分分析表明，元素来源于方铅矿和闪锌矿矿床的风化作用。污染因子(Cf)、地质累积指数(Igeo)、潜在生态风险指数(EiR)和潜在生态风险指数(IR)的Pb均值分别为726、4.8、3632和4120。结果表明，该地区土壤已达到重度极污染和极高风险水平。摄入是非致癌风险的主要途径，儿童比成人更容易发生致癌风险。危害商(HQ)和总危害指数(HI)值在少数地点显示人类感染癌症的可能性。终生平均日剂量(LADD)致癌风险值(9.12 × 10−6、2.3 × 10−6和3.92 × 10−5)超过了1 × 10−4和1 × 10−6的上限和下限。这项研究对评估矿区周围农业土壤的生态和健康风险具有不可估量的价值。
{"title":"Contamination of Arable Soil with Toxic Trace Elements (Tes) around Mine Sites and the Assessment of Associated Human Health Risks","authors":"G. U. Sikakwe, God’swill Abam Eyong, Benneth Uduak Ilaomo","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2023.2172381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2023.2172381","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Soil contamination with TEs around mining areas without monitoring and risk assessment has serious human health implications. Soil samples were collected around the Abakaliki Pb-Zn mine sites. Lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), barium (Ba), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr) and major oxides were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence technique. Acidity (pH), redox potential (Eh), electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were analyzed using pH/conductivity meter. The mean value of pH (6.4) reflects moderately acidic soils, while means of 422, 182 and 295 mg kg− for EC, TDS and Eh, respectively, indicated less conductive soils. Zn obtained the highest mean (42023 mg kg−) and Cr the least (14.8 mg kg−). Silicon (iv) oxide (SiO2) recorded the highest mean of 44.7 mg kg− while chromium oxide (Cr2O3) had the least mean (0.02 mg kg−). Strong positive correlation among Pb, Zn and Mn indicated that they had a common source. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that sources of elements are from weathering of galena and sphalerite deposits. Pb means for contamination factor (Cf), geo accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk (EiR) and potential ecological risk index (IR) are 726, 4.8, 3632 and 4120, respectively. The results show that the soil in the region has reached the heavily extremely contaminated level and very high risk level. Ingestion is the major pathway for non-carcinogenic risk, and children are more vulnerable to carcinogenic risk than adults. Hazard quotient (HQ) and total hazard index (HI) values in few locations showed the possibility of humans contracting cancer. Lifetime average daily dose (LADD) values of carcinogenic risk (9.12 × 10−6, 2.3 × 10−6 and 3.92 × 10−5) exceeded the upper and lower limits of 1 × 10−4 and 1 × 10−6. This study is invaluable in assessing ecological and health risk in agricultural soils around mining areas.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"1157 - 1192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89887733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2023.2169246
B. Ozobialu, C. Emeh, O. Igwe, C. Nwoko, O. V. Omonona, Ejike Augustine Okoye
ABSTRACT The proliferation of shallow mine pits and indiscriminate dumping of mine tailings in the environment due to artisanal Lead-Zinc mining activities within the study area puts the immediate environment at risk of lead toxicity. Considering the adverse effect of Lead toxicity on humans, it has become imperative to evaluate the availability of Lead within the environment and to ascertain the potential pathway through which the contaminant can enter the human body. For this reason, soil, plant, groundwater, surface water, and human blood samples were collected within and beyond the mine catchment area in order to determine the amount of Lead in the environment. Samples were chemically digested and thereafter subjected to spectroscopic analysis using the atomic absorption spectroscopy method for the plant, soil, and water samples, whereas inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy was employed for blood sample analysis. Analysis of the laboratory results revealed that the average lead concentration in the environment was 0.49 mg/kg, 0.03 mg/L, 0.04 mg/L, and 0.01 mg/L in soil, plant, surface water, and groundwater, respectively. The correlation coefficient of 0.9 between the lead concentration in plant and soil and an average bioconcentration factor of 0.20 was evidence of soil-to-plant transfer of lead. Total environment-human bioaccumulation of Lead was 3.95 of which 48%, 37%, and 15% of it were contributed by ingestion of surface water, plants, and groundwater, respectively. The average concentration of Pb2+ in the blood of the residents within the study area (0.36 mg/L) was above the normal permissible limit in human blood.
{"title":"Environment-Human Bioaccumulation of Lead Resulting from Artisanal Lead-Zinc Mining Activities in Ebonyi State, Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"B. Ozobialu, C. Emeh, O. Igwe, C. Nwoko, O. V. Omonona, Ejike Augustine Okoye","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2023.2169246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2023.2169246","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The proliferation of shallow mine pits and indiscriminate dumping of mine tailings in the environment due to artisanal Lead-Zinc mining activities within the study area puts the immediate environment at risk of lead toxicity. Considering the adverse effect of Lead toxicity on humans, it has become imperative to evaluate the availability of Lead within the environment and to ascertain the potential pathway through which the contaminant can enter the human body. For this reason, soil, plant, groundwater, surface water, and human blood samples were collected within and beyond the mine catchment area in order to determine the amount of Lead in the environment. Samples were chemically digested and thereafter subjected to spectroscopic analysis using the atomic absorption spectroscopy method for the plant, soil, and water samples, whereas inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy was employed for blood sample analysis. Analysis of the laboratory results revealed that the average lead concentration in the environment was 0.49 mg/kg, 0.03 mg/L, 0.04 mg/L, and 0.01 mg/L in soil, plant, surface water, and groundwater, respectively. The correlation coefficient of 0.9 between the lead concentration in plant and soil and an average bioconcentration factor of 0.20 was evidence of soil-to-plant transfer of lead. Total environment-human bioaccumulation of Lead was 3.95 of which 48%, 37%, and 15% of it were contributed by ingestion of surface water, plants, and groundwater, respectively. The average concentration of Pb2+ in the blood of the residents within the study area (0.36 mg/L) was above the normal permissible limit in human blood.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"1095 - 1115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84956549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-13DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2023.2166901
N. Zerrari, N. Rais, M. Ijjaali
ABSTRACT Although a few geochemical studies of agricultural soils have been conducted in southern Mediterranean countries like Morocco, such studies examining urban and sub-urban agricultural soils are very rare. The objective is to enable evaluation of different soil contamination indexes, and to identify the anthropogenic and natural sources of potential ecological risks. A sampling of nine soil samples were collected and analyzed to determine concentrations of Major elements, Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Heavy Metals from agricultural soils of Fez-Upstream, Morocco. The major outcomes were: the average total concentration of REEs is 95.23 µg/g lower than those of the Upper Continental Crust (UCC), at 146.37 µg/g, and world soils at 137.09 µg/g; the ratios of La/Yb, La/Sm and Gd/Yb show that soil samples are enriched by light REEs. Enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicate that there is no enrichment by REEs. EF range from minimal to moderate enrichment. Igeo indicate that soil samples are unpolluted to moderately polluted. The contamination factor and degree of contamination indicate respectively moderate contamination and a low degree of contamination. Otherwise, all sampling sites have PLI values above 1 that indicate obvious anthropogenic pollution due to human activities. The results indicated that REEs contents are reflected by the parent materials. Lastly, it is interesting to note that these obtained results represent the first national data for REEs in Moroccan soils.
{"title":"Distribution, Source and Contamination Level of REEs and Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils of Fez-Upstream, Morocco","authors":"N. Zerrari, N. Rais, M. Ijjaali","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2023.2166901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2023.2166901","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although a few geochemical studies of agricultural soils have been conducted in southern Mediterranean countries like Morocco, such studies examining urban and sub-urban agricultural soils are very rare. The objective is to enable evaluation of different soil contamination indexes, and to identify the anthropogenic and natural sources of potential ecological risks. A sampling of nine soil samples were collected and analyzed to determine concentrations of Major elements, Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Heavy Metals from agricultural soils of Fez-Upstream, Morocco. The major outcomes were: the average total concentration of REEs is 95.23 µg/g lower than those of the Upper Continental Crust (UCC), at 146.37 µg/g, and world soils at 137.09 µg/g; the ratios of La/Yb, La/Sm and Gd/Yb show that soil samples are enriched by light REEs. Enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicate that there is no enrichment by REEs. EF range from minimal to moderate enrichment. Igeo indicate that soil samples are unpolluted to moderately polluted. The contamination factor and degree of contamination indicate respectively moderate contamination and a low degree of contamination. Otherwise, all sampling sites have PLI values above 1 that indicate obvious anthropogenic pollution due to human activities. The results indicated that REEs contents are reflected by the parent materials. Lastly, it is interesting to note that these obtained results represent the first national data for REEs in Moroccan soils.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"1066 - 1094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88631015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-09DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2164558
Colin S. Chen, C. Tien
ABSTRACT Adopting soil washing to clean up petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils with high sand content is considered as a fast and economical method. Cavitation microjet shock wave soil washing system (CMS) enhanced by the use of ozonation was developed for remediation of aged lubricant contaminated soil in this study. Contaminated soil with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) ranging from 1890 mg/kg to 15735 mg/kg were applicable for CMS soil washing system. The impacts of factors including initial TPH concentration hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration, soil particle size, soil washing time, and ozone treatment time onto soil washing were investigated through a 21-month period of field operation. The contaminated soils with particle size between 0.074 mm and 0.25 mm, mainly very fine sand and find sand, demonstrated 31% to 98% of TPH removal by air-injected CMS and 19% to 92% of TPH removal by CMS with ozone addition. The optimal cavitation washing time was 20 minutes. The study indicated that optimal ozone concentration in the slurry was 1.08 mg/L which require air of 27 L/min for ozone produced. However, given the short contact time in the CMS system, ozone addition in the slurry did not improve TPH removal effectively. Considering the compatible TPH removal efficiency and energy cost of ozone addition in the soil washing system, use of air-injected CMS soil washing system may be considered as an alternative way.
{"title":"Remediation of Lubricant Contaminated Soils by Cavitation Microjet Shock Wave Soil Washing System with Ozonation","authors":"Colin S. Chen, C. Tien","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2164558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2164558","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Adopting soil washing to clean up petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils with high sand content is considered as a fast and economical method. Cavitation microjet shock wave soil washing system (CMS) enhanced by the use of ozonation was developed for remediation of aged lubricant contaminated soil in this study. Contaminated soil with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) ranging from 1890 mg/kg to 15735 mg/kg were applicable for CMS soil washing system. The impacts of factors including initial TPH concentration hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration, soil particle size, soil washing time, and ozone treatment time onto soil washing were investigated through a 21-month period of field operation. The contaminated soils with particle size between 0.074 mm and 0.25 mm, mainly very fine sand and find sand, demonstrated 31% to 98% of TPH removal by air-injected CMS and 19% to 92% of TPH removal by CMS with ozone addition. The optimal cavitation washing time was 20 minutes. The study indicated that optimal ozone concentration in the slurry was 1.08 mg/L which require air of 27 L/min for ozone produced. However, given the short contact time in the CMS system, ozone addition in the slurry did not improve TPH removal effectively. Considering the compatible TPH removal efficiency and energy cost of ozone addition in the soil washing system, use of air-injected CMS soil washing system may be considered as an alternative way.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"1053 - 1065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91002513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-03DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2163976
Reymar R. Diwa, C. Deocaris, A. Orbecido, A. Beltran, E. Vallar, M. Galvez, L. Belo
ABSTRACT The City of Meycauayan is an industrial powerhouse in the Philippines. It is considered as one of the most polluted cities in the developing world on the account of industrial discharges of toxic materials to the environment. This work investigated the sources of the heavy metal pollution in Meycauayan by analyzing soil and sediment samples for heavy metals like Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb) together with selected environmental indicators such as Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Organic Matter (TOM), and Total Phosphorus (TP) located along the Meycauayan River. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal components analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation analysis (CA) were used to identify the sources of the metals. Our results show delineated locations of severe levels of heavy metal pollution downstream of the river because of the concentration of industrial activities. Cr is due to proliferation of tanneries discharging untreated wastewaters to the river. Significant input of Pb and Hg from Pb-acid battery recycling and gold smelting industries were also found. The risk assessments also indicate severe levels of heavy metal pollution in locations where industrial activities are concentrated. Our findings indicate that the heavy metals have similar impacts to K, TN, TOM, and TP in the soil and sediments. Our study shows the serious need to address heavy metal pollution in Meycauayan aside from the ongoing cleanup of solid wastes as part of rehabilitation efforts by the local government.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Surface Sediments of Meycauayan River, Philippines and Their Relationship to Environmental Indicators","authors":"Reymar R. Diwa, C. Deocaris, A. Orbecido, A. Beltran, E. Vallar, M. Galvez, L. Belo","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2163976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2163976","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The City of Meycauayan is an industrial powerhouse in the Philippines. It is considered as one of the most polluted cities in the developing world on the account of industrial discharges of toxic materials to the environment. This work investigated the sources of the heavy metal pollution in Meycauayan by analyzing soil and sediment samples for heavy metals like Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb) together with selected environmental indicators such as Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Organic Matter (TOM), and Total Phosphorus (TP) located along the Meycauayan River. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal components analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation analysis (CA) were used to identify the sources of the metals. Our results show delineated locations of severe levels of heavy metal pollution downstream of the river because of the concentration of industrial activities. Cr is due to proliferation of tanneries discharging untreated wastewaters to the river. Significant input of Pb and Hg from Pb-acid battery recycling and gold smelting industries were also found. The risk assessments also indicate severe levels of heavy metal pollution in locations where industrial activities are concentrated. Our findings indicate that the heavy metals have similar impacts to K, TN, TOM, and TP in the soil and sediments. Our study shows the serious need to address heavy metal pollution in Meycauayan aside from the ongoing cleanup of solid wastes as part of rehabilitation efforts by the local government.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"1033 - 1052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85849822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT In this study, various kinds of attapulgite and biochar were selected as the raw material. Attapulgite, being an inorganic carrier, was used to prepare the mineral materials of the modified composite-clay, and iron of Fe (II/III) and biochar was loaded on the surface of the attapulgite through chemical precipitation. Both attapulgite and biochar samples loaded with Fe2+/3+ were characterized using the FTIR, FESEM, XRD, surface area analysis and zeta potentials. A soil culture pot experiment was also carried out. The results showed that APT5 and BAC5 were selected as the best raw materials for the preparation of Fe2+/3+ loaded attapulgite and biochar. The composite had the highest adsorption rate, while the ratio of BAC5 to ATP5 was 1:10. The crystal structure of attapulgite was changed significantly after surface modification, being converted into montmorillonite, as being illustrated by the analysis of FESEM, XRD and FTIR. XRD, FTIR and Zeta potential biocarbon and Fe2+/3+ were successfully loaded on the surface of attapulgite, while Cd2+ was mainly bonded with Fe on the surface of the composite to form stable chemical covalent bonds. Combining with the results of soil culture pot experiment, we further indicate that under the material of proportion of 3%, Cd2+ passivation effect in the soil was the best. Moreover, plant Cd content in plants decreased by 89.3%, fresh weight of plants increased by 514% and height increased by 34.6%. Fe(II/III) loaded attapulgite-biochar can provide a potential remedy for Cd-contamination in soil environment.
{"title":"A preparation method of Fe(II/III)Loaded Attapulgite-Biochar to passivate Cd(II) in Soil","authors":"Jiaqiang Zhang, Zhe Wang, Ying Luo, Wenshan Jia, Zhen-yu Wang, Qi Cheng, Zhen-long Zhang, Ximei Feng, Qiu-ping Zeng","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2161471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2161471","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, various kinds of attapulgite and biochar were selected as the raw material. Attapulgite, being an inorganic carrier, was used to prepare the mineral materials of the modified composite-clay, and iron of Fe (II/III) and biochar was loaded on the surface of the attapulgite through chemical precipitation. Both attapulgite and biochar samples loaded with Fe2+/3+ were characterized using the FTIR, FESEM, XRD, surface area analysis and zeta potentials. A soil culture pot experiment was also carried out. The results showed that APT5 and BAC5 were selected as the best raw materials for the preparation of Fe2+/3+ loaded attapulgite and biochar. The composite had the highest adsorption rate, while the ratio of BAC5 to ATP5 was 1:10. The crystal structure of attapulgite was changed significantly after surface modification, being converted into montmorillonite, as being illustrated by the analysis of FESEM, XRD and FTIR. XRD, FTIR and Zeta potential biocarbon and Fe2+/3+ were successfully loaded on the surface of attapulgite, while Cd2+ was mainly bonded with Fe on the surface of the composite to form stable chemical covalent bonds. Combining with the results of soil culture pot experiment, we further indicate that under the material of proportion of 3%, Cd2+ passivation effect in the soil was the best. Moreover, plant Cd content in plants decreased by 89.3%, fresh weight of plants increased by 514% and height increased by 34.6%. Fe(II/III) loaded attapulgite-biochar can provide a potential remedy for Cd-contamination in soil environment.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"114 1","pages":"1012 - 1032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89304559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2159321
Sk Aftabul Alam, P. Saha
ABSTRACT A p-nitrophenol (PNP) degrading aquatic bacterial strain PNPG3 was isolated from the Ganges water and was identified as Pseudomonas asiatica based on genome sequence analyses. The optimum catabolic growths for the strain was recorded with 0.5 mM PNP and it could tolerate up to 6 mM PNP. It could carry out biodegradation of PNP through p-benzoquinone (PBQ) and 1, 2, 4-benzenetriol (BT) with concomitant release of nitrite. Genome sequence analysis predicted the presence of all the genes (pdcABC1C2DEFG) responsible for providing the PNP biodegradation phenotype for this strain. Based on homology search, the functional attributes encoded by this gene cluster were predicted to include p-nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase (PdcA), benzoquinone reductase (PdcB), hydroxyquinol 1, 2-dioxygenase (PdcC1), hydroxyquinol 1, 2-dioxygenase large subunit (PdcC2), 4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (PdcD), maleylacetate reductase (PdcE), hydroquinone dioxygenase alpha subunit (PdcF) and putative regulator (PdcG). This is the first report of any representative aquatic strain under Pseudomonas asiatica, having the highest known catabolic PNP utilizing capability from the Ganges water of India to the best of the author’s knowledge, and may find application toward cost-effective bioremediation of PNP-contaminated waterbodies.
摘要从恒河水中分离到一株降解对硝基酚(PNP)的水生细菌PNPG3，经基因组序列分析鉴定为亚洲假单胞菌(Pseudomonas asiatica)。菌株的最佳分解代谢生长记录为0.5 mM PNP，它可以耐受高达6 mM的PNP。它可以通过对苯醌(PBQ)和1,2,4 -苯三醇(BT)进行PNP的生物降解，同时释放亚硝酸盐。基因组序列分析预测了所有负责提供该菌株PNP生物降解表型的基因(pdcABC1C2DEFG)的存在。通过同源性分析，预测该基因群编码的功能属性包括对硝基苯酚4-单加氧酶(PdcA)、苯醌还原酶(PdcB)、羟基喹啉1,2 -双加氧酶(PdcC1)、羟基喹啉1,2 -双加氧酶大亚基(PdcC2)、4-羟基粘连半醛脱氢酶(PdcD)、丙烯乙酸还原酶(PdcE)、对苯二酚双加氧酶α亚基(PdcF)和推定调节因子(PdcG)。据作者所知，这是亚洲假单胞菌(Pseudomonas asiatica)下具有代表性的水生菌株的第一份报告，该菌株具有最高的已知分解代谢PNP利用能力，来自印度恒河水域，并且可能在PNP污染水体的经济有效的生物修复中得到应用。
{"title":"Evidence of p-nitrophenol Biodegradation and Study of Genomic Attributes from a Newly Isolated Aquatic Bacterium Pseudomonas Asiatica Strain PNPG3","authors":"Sk Aftabul Alam, P. Saha","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2159321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2159321","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A p-nitrophenol (PNP) degrading aquatic bacterial strain PNPG3 was isolated from the Ganges water and was identified as Pseudomonas asiatica based on genome sequence analyses. The optimum catabolic growths for the strain was recorded with 0.5 mM PNP and it could tolerate up to 6 mM PNP. It could carry out biodegradation of PNP through p-benzoquinone (PBQ) and 1, 2, 4-benzenetriol (BT) with concomitant release of nitrite. Genome sequence analysis predicted the presence of all the genes (pdcABC1C2DEFG) responsible for providing the PNP biodegradation phenotype for this strain. Based on homology search, the functional attributes encoded by this gene cluster were predicted to include p-nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase (PdcA), benzoquinone reductase (PdcB), hydroxyquinol 1, 2-dioxygenase (PdcC1), hydroxyquinol 1, 2-dioxygenase large subunit (PdcC2), 4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (PdcD), maleylacetate reductase (PdcE), hydroquinone dioxygenase alpha subunit (PdcF) and putative regulator (PdcG). This is the first report of any representative aquatic strain under Pseudomonas asiatica, having the highest known catabolic PNP utilizing capability from the Ganges water of India to the best of the author’s knowledge, and may find application toward cost-effective bioremediation of PNP-contaminated waterbodies.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"138 1","pages":"994 - 1011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79663093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.1080/15320383.2022.2158303
O. A. Nassef, Y. Gamal
ABSTRACT Nile River sediments were spectrochemically studied for the characterization of heavy elements. Ten sediment samples were milled and successfully pressed for obtaining homogeneously compact pellets. Their surface elemental analysis was obtained using ns-LIBS at two values of laser pulse energy: 25 mJ and 50 mJ. Despite the noticeable matrix effect, a snapshot visualizing the existing elements and their relative content detected in the investigated sediments is provided. The LIBS spectral data revealed the presence of some heavy elements such as Al, Ti, Fe, Mn, Ba, Co, Cr, Sr, and Cu in addition to other typical elements including Mg, Si, Ca, C, and Na. Their origin is easily linked to the illegal practices of the factories and companies discharging harmful wastes into the Nile, in addition to the probable agricultural sources. The LIBS results were supported and complemented by the XRD technique. Considering the inconsistent LIBS line intensity signal, a mathematical-based approach for spectral line intensity calculation is proposed. Assuring the existence of a local thermodynamic equilibrium condition (LTE), the plasma excitation temperature was determined for all samples using the Boltzmann plot (BP) applied to the spectral lines of MgI, FeI, CaI, and TiI, which cover different spectral regions. The BP linear fitting parameters and their averages are derived and exploited in calculating the spectral line intensity. The suggested method is claimed to theoretically adjust and balance any source of signal fluctuations arising from experimental conditions and/or instruments.
{"title":"A Spectrochemical Snapshot of Heavy Elements in Nile River Sediments: Line Intensity Calculation","authors":"O. A. Nassef, Y. Gamal","doi":"10.1080/15320383.2022.2158303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2022.2158303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nile River sediments were spectrochemically studied for the characterization of heavy elements. Ten sediment samples were milled and successfully pressed for obtaining homogeneously compact pellets. Their surface elemental analysis was obtained using ns-LIBS at two values of laser pulse energy: 25 mJ and 50 mJ. Despite the noticeable matrix effect, a snapshot visualizing the existing elements and their relative content detected in the investigated sediments is provided. The LIBS spectral data revealed the presence of some heavy elements such as Al, Ti, Fe, Mn, Ba, Co, Cr, Sr, and Cu in addition to other typical elements including Mg, Si, Ca, C, and Na. Their origin is easily linked to the illegal practices of the factories and companies discharging harmful wastes into the Nile, in addition to the probable agricultural sources. The LIBS results were supported and complemented by the XRD technique. Considering the inconsistent LIBS line intensity signal, a mathematical-based approach for spectral line intensity calculation is proposed. Assuring the existence of a local thermodynamic equilibrium condition (LTE), the plasma excitation temperature was determined for all samples using the Boltzmann plot (BP) applied to the spectral lines of MgI, FeI, CaI, and TiI, which cover different spectral regions. The BP linear fitting parameters and their averages are derived and exploited in calculating the spectral line intensity. The suggested method is claimed to theoretically adjust and balance any source of signal fluctuations arising from experimental conditions and/or instruments.","PeriodicalId":21865,"journal":{"name":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","volume":"134 1","pages":"970 - 993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75707677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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