Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy最新文献_第2页

Radical theory of hydride atomization and its significance for trace element analysis 氢化物雾化的辐射理论及其对痕量元素分析的意义

IF 3.2 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.107058

Jiří Dědina

Extremely low limits of detection in trace element analysis can be achieved when coupling generation of volatile hydrides to the relatively simple methods of analytical atomic spectrometry - atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) or atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). To reach ideal performance of the whole analytical procedure, the atomizers dedicated for coupling with AAS or AFS (conventional externally heated quartz tubes - CQTA, miniature diffusion flames - MDF and dielectric barrier discharges - DBD) have to be optimized in terms of design as well as of operation parameters. Such an optimization can be made in a straightforward and elegant way based on the knowledge of what really happens in hydride atomizers. The key point which must be taken into account in order to understand what really happens in these atomizers is that their temperature is too low to be compatible with any significant thermal atomization of hydrides. The dramatic disagreement with the many years of experience of observing a complete conversion of hydrides to free atoms is explained by the radical theory of hydride atomization. The presented evidence corroborates the radical theory of hydride atomization in the CQTA. This makes possible optimization of design as well as of operational parameters of this kind of atomizer just on the basis of quantification of distributions of hydrogen radicals which can be determined either experimentally by two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence or potentially by numerical simulation. Regarding extension of the radical theory in the CQTA to MDF and DBD atomizers, more experimental evidence on free analyte atom distributions is required either to confirm its validity or to discover reasons for its failure.

将挥发性氢化物的生成与相对简单的原子光谱分析方法--原子荧光光谱法 (AFS) 或原子吸收光谱法 (AAS) 相结合，可以实现极低的痕量元素分析检测限。为了使整个分析过程达到理想的性能，必须对与 AAS 或 AFS 耦合的专用雾化器（传统的外部加热石英管 - CQTA、微型扩散火焰 - MDF 和介质阻挡放电 - DBD）的设计和运行参数进行优化。在了解氢化物雾化器实际情况的基础上，这种优化可以通过一种简单明了的方式进行。要了解氢化物雾化器中的实际情况，必须考虑的关键一点是，雾化器的温度太低，无法对氢化物进行有效的热雾化。氢化物雾化的自由基理论解释了与多年观察到的氢化物完全转化为自由原子的经验之间的巨大差异。所提供的证据证实了 CQTA 中氢化物雾化的自由基理论。这使得在氢自由基分布定量的基础上优化这种雾化器的设计和运行参数成为可能，氢自由基分布可以通过双光子吸收激光诱导荧光实验或数值模拟来确定。关于将 CQTA 中的自由基理论推广到 MDF 和 DBD 雾化器的问题，需要更多关于自由分析物原子分布的实验证据来证实其正确性或发现其失败的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding the role of alloying elements Cr, Ni in erosion–corrosion process of nuclear grade austenitic stainless steel 304 L by total reflection X-ray fluorescence 利用全反射 X 射线荧光了解合金元素 Cr、Ni 在核级奥氏体不锈钢 304 L 侵蚀-腐蚀过程中的作用

IF 3.2 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.107057

Jyoti Chahal , Sangita Dhara

Stainless steel (SS) has gained an indispensable position as one of the most widely used industrial material. In nuclear industry, it is one of the technologically most important structural materials used in pressure tube, containment vessel and reprocessing-related applications. In fact, SS 304 L is the workhorse material of the reprocessing plant which faces the hostile conditions of acid, temperature as well as high radiation dose. These conditions can affect the erosion-corrosion behavior of the material and can lead to poor mechanical properties. This also affects the life of the reactor components. In the present study, a systematic work has been carried out to develop an in-depth understanding of the Corrosion Rates (CRs) with respect to the loss of major and minor elements from SS into the corrosive nitric acid medium using Total reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF). The effect of acid molarity as well as temperature, on the erosion-corrosion behavior of SS304L was studied. The TXRF studies have revealed that the CR was maximum in 2 M HNO₃ and minimum in 8 M, showing that the nitric acid molarity has an important role to play in the corrosion and as the molarity increases, the passivation of SS 304 L also increases. This observation was further corroborated with the concentrations of Fe, Cr and Ni, which had leached into the nitric acid medium. The role of alloying elements, Cr and Ni, in the passivation of SS was also studied. The effect of temperature showed that at 45 °C, the rate of corrosion was minimum, as compared to at 25 °C and 90 °C which reveals that the formation of chromium oxide passive layer was thermodynamically most favorable at this temperature.

不锈钢（SS）作为应用最广泛的工业材料之一，已经占据了不可或缺的地位。在核工业中，它是用于压力管、安全壳和后处理相关应用的技术上最重要的结构材料之一。事实上，SS 304 L 是后处理厂的主力材料，它面临着酸、温度和高辐射剂量等恶劣条件。这些条件会影响材料的侵蚀-腐蚀行为，并导致机械性能变差。这也会影响反应堆部件的寿命。本研究采用全反射 X 射线荧光 (TXRF) 技术，对 SS 进入腐蚀性硝酸介质中的主要元素和次要元素损失的腐蚀速率 (CRs) 进行了深入了解。研究了酸摩尔浓度和温度对 SS304L 侵蚀-腐蚀行为的影响。TXRF 研究表明，在 2 M HNO3 中 CR 值最大，而在 8 M HNO3 中 CR 值最小，这表明硝酸的摩尔浓度在腐蚀中起着重要作用，而且随着摩尔浓度的增加，SS 304 L 的钝化也会增加。浸入硝酸介质中的铁、铬和镍的浓度进一步证实了这一观察结果。此外，还研究了合金元素铬和镍在 SS 钝化中的作用。温度的影响表明，与 25 °C 和 90 °C 温度相比，45 °C 温度下的腐蚀速率最小，这表明在该温度下形成氧化铬钝化层在热力学上是最有利的。

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引用次数: 0

A combination of XGBoost and neural network in LIBS spectrum processing for precise determination of critical elements in 620 iron ore samples of various origins 在 LIBS 光谱处理中结合 XGBoost 和神经网络，精确测定 620 块不同产地铁矿石样品中的关键元素

IF 3.2 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.107056

Chenyang Duan , Zhuomin Huang , Yue Jin , Huaqiang Li , Haoyu Yang , Tianyang Sun , Chen Sun , Shu Liu , Jin Yu

China is the worldwide largest importer of iron ores for supplying its iron and steel industries. The necessary inspections of iron ores not only concern total iron content but also involve minor elements, such as silicium, aluminum, magnesium, and calcium. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) promises in situ and on-site detection and analysis capabilities, which is required for efficient, reliable, and large-scale impartation inspections. Such opportunity represents at the same time, a challenge for the technique in terms of the quantitative analysis ability. A fundamental issue corresponds to the matrix effect in LIBS analysis due to a large diversity of iron ores in terms of mineralogical and chemical compositions. Demonstrated as effective to deal with the matrix effect in LIBS analyses of geological materials, the machine learning approach needs to be implemented within an optimized data processing pipeline, combining algorithms carefully chosen and tested. In this work, we developed a sequentially connected combination of an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model and a back propagation neural network (BPNN) model, to effectively fit the functional relation between the concentrations and the spectra. The specificity of the approach consists in fitting the linear, low-order nonlinear, and high-order nonlinear terms in a sequential way to substantially improve the model prediction performances. The method has been developed and tested with a significant set of 620 collected iron ore samples of eight production countries and 35 different commercial brands, with a wide range of matrices in terms of mineralogical and chemical compositions. The samples underwent prior characterization using conventional laboratory analysis methods to establish the reference elemental concentrations. The results from this necessary step of laboratory investigation, with root mean square error for prediction (

RMSEP

) of 0.407 wt%, 0.372 wt%, 0.085 wt%, 0.131 wt%, and 0.114 wt%, respectively for total iron (TFe), SiO₂, Al₂O₃, MgO, and CaO, show the potential for on-site inspections.

中国是世界上最大的铁矿石进口国，为其钢铁工业提供原料。对铁矿石的必要检测不仅涉及总铁含量，还涉及硅、铝、镁和钙等次要元素。激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）具有原位和现场检测与分析能力，是高效、可靠和大规模传授检查所必需的。这种机遇同时也对该技术的定量分析能力提出了挑战。由于铁矿石在矿物学和化学成分方面的巨大差异，LIBS 分析中的基质效应是一个基本问题。在地质材料的 LIBS 分析中，机器学习方法被证明可以有效地处理基质效应，但需要在优化的数据处理管道中实施，并结合精心选择和测试的算法。在这项工作中，我们开发了极梯度提升（XGBoost）模型和反向传播神经网络（BPNN）模型的顺序连接组合，以有效拟合浓度和光谱之间的函数关系。该方法的特殊之处在于以顺序的方式拟合线性、低阶非线性和高阶非线性项，从而大幅提高模型的预测性能。该方法的开发和测试使用了大量收集的铁矿石样本，这些样本来自 8 个生产国和 35 个不同的商业品牌，在矿物学和化学成分方面具有广泛的基质。这些样品事先经过了传统实验室分析方法的特征描述，以确定参考元素浓度。实验室调查这一必要步骤的结果显示，总铁 (TFe)、二氧化硅 (SiO2)、氧化铝 (Al2O3)、氧化镁 (MgO) 和氧化钙 (CaO) 的预测均方根误差 (RMSEP) 分别为 0.407 wt%、0.372 wt%、0.085 wt%、0.131 wt% 和 0.114 wt%，显示了现场检测的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Plasma-mediated mercury vapor generation after microwave-induced combustion of fish tissue with detection by atomic absorption spectrometry 微波诱导鱼组织燃烧后等离子体介导的汞蒸气生成及原子吸收光谱法检测

IF 3.2 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.107055

Gilberto S. Coelho Junior , Vinicius P. Souza , Jan Kratzer , Jiří Dědina , Erico M.M. Flores

Mercury determination in fish tissues by high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS AAS) was performed using microwave-induced combustion (MIC) for sample preparation, and plasma-mediated vapor generation (PMVG) in a tubular dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) as a sample introduction system. The main goal was to develop a method for Hg determination using very low amount of reagents being at the same time virtually free of interferences. The operational parameters of the PMVG step in the DBD reactor were optimized as follows: 70 mL min⁻¹ Ar as the discharge gas, 20 mm electrode distance, primary voltage at 60 V and 50 μL as digested sample volume (in 0.1 mol L⁻¹ HNO₃ matrix). The effect of HNO₃ concentration on the PMVG efficiency was studied. No differences in signal intensity were observed for HNO₃ concentration up to 0.1 mol L⁻¹, while a signal decrease by 25 % and 40 % was observed when the acid concentration increased to 1 and 5 mol L⁻¹, respectively. Accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated using certified reference material (CRM) of dogfish liver (DOLT-4) and by Hg spikes on the sample prior to MIC. By using 500 mg of sample (or 250 mg of CRM) and 6 mL of 0.5 mol L⁻¹ HNO₃ as absorbing solution in MIC, recoveries of 104 % and 97 % were observed for spikes and CRM values, respectively. A limit of detection of 0.16 μg g⁻¹ Hg (160 pg Hg absolute) was obtained. A comparison of the results for Hg determination in the CRM by PMVG-AAS and chemical cold vapor generation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CVG-ICP-MS) was performed with no significant differences in the results. Finally, an efficient, low-cost and low-volume reagent consumption sample introduction system for Hg determination by AAS was successfully combined with the advantages of MIC and subsequent PMVG by DBD.

利用微波诱导燃烧（MIC）进行样品制备，并将管状介质阻挡放电（DBD）中的等离子体介导蒸汽发生（PMVG）作为样品引入系统，采用高分辨率连续光源原子吸收光谱法（HR-CS AAS）测定了鱼组织中的汞含量。主要目标是开发一种使用极少量试剂且几乎无干扰的汞测定方法。DBD 反应器中 PMVG 步骤的操作参数优化如下：放电气体为 70 mL min-1 Ar，电极距离为 20 mm，初级电压为 60 V，消化样品量为 50 μL（在 0.1 mol L-1 HNO3 基质中）。研究了 HNO3 浓度对 PMVG 效率的影响。当 HNO3 浓度达到 0.1 mol L-1 时，信号强度没有差异，而当酸浓度增加到 1 mol L-1 和 5 mol L-1 时，信号强度分别下降了 25% 和 40%。使用狗鱼肝脏（DOLT-4）的有证标准物质（CRM）以及在 MIC 前在样品上添加汞来评估所建议方法的准确性。在 MIC 中使用 500 毫克样品（或 250 毫克有证标准物质）和 6 毫升 0.5 摩尔/升-1 HNO3 作为吸收液，加标回收率和有证标准物质回收率分别为 104 % 和 97 %。检测限为 0.16 μg g-1 汞（绝对值为 160 皮克汞）。对 PMVG-AAS 和化学冷汽相电感耦合等离子体质谱法（CVG-ICP-MS）测定有证标准物质中汞的结果进行了比较，结果无明显差异。最后，一种高效、低成本、低试剂消耗量的样品引入系统成功地将 AAS 法测定汞与 MIC 法和随后的 DBD 法 PMVG 的优点结合在了一起。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “A novel atmospheric pressure glow discharge system for sensitive determination of As, Sb, and Se by optical emission spectrometry following their hydride generation” [Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 213 (2024) 106879] 对 "一种新型常压辉光放电系统，用于在氢化物生成后通过光学发射光谱法灵敏测定砷、锑和硒"[Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 213 (2024) 106879]的更正

IF 3.2 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.107054

Krzysztof Gręda , Jan Kratzer , Nikol Vlčková , Paweł Pohl

引用次数: 0

Practical high-resolution spectroscopy with a spatial heterodyne spectrometer: Determination of instrumental function for lineshape recovery 利用空间外差分光计进行实用高分辨率光谱分析：确定线形恢复的仪器功能

IF 3.2 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.107053

Xunyu Li, Jens Riedel, Yi You

The spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) is a well-recognized platform for its high resolving power in various use cases of spectroscopy. Same as other spectrometer topologies, the SHS, unfortunately, also suffers from classical challenges such as distorted lineshape due to the instrumental function. The goal of this work is to tackle this persisting issue through a simple numerical approach. With the inherent characteristics of an SHS interferogram, we report the direct extraction and determination of the instrumental function in its numerical representation from an SHS interferogram; this instrumental function was further used for spectral data processing that enables significant improvements in spectral resolution through deconvolution algorithms.

Here, we systematically discuss the recognition of the embedded instrumental function among various ingredients within an interferogram. To verify the numerical approach, lithium was chosen as the model sample, resembling the use of SHS in an isotopic analysis application. Specifically, the resonance transition of lithium D-lines (²P_1/2,3/2 ← ²S_1/2) was selected to assess the performance of the spectral processing. With the spectral deconvolution, the spectral features that represent the ⁶Li and ⁷Li were nearly baseline-separated, allowing for the accurate measure of the isotopic abundance without external references or algorithm adjustments (e.g., curve fitting).

空间外差分光计（SHS）是一种公认的平台，在光谱学的各种应用案例中具有高分辨率。遗憾的是，与其他光谱仪拓扑结构一样，空间异频光谱仪也面临着传统的挑战，如仪器功能导致的线形失真。这项工作的目标是通过简单的数值方法来解决这一长期存在的问题。利用 SHS 干涉图的固有特征，我们报告了从 SHS 干涉图中直接提取和确定仪器函数的数值表示方法；这一仪器函数被进一步用于光谱数据处理，通过去卷积算法显著提高了光谱分辨率。为了验证数值方法，我们选择锂作为模型样本，这与同位素分析应用中使用 SHS 相似。具体来说，选择锂 D 线的共振转变（2P1/2,3/2 ← 2S1/2）来评估光谱处理的性能。通过光谱解卷积，代表 6Li 和 7Li 的光谱特征几乎基线分离，无需外部参考或算法调整（如曲线拟合）即可准确测量同位素丰度。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of buffer gas on the formation of N-resonances in rubidium vapors 缓冲气体对铷蒸汽中 N 共振形成的影响

IF 3.2 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.107051

Armen Sargsyan , Rodolphe Momier , Claude Leroy , David Sarkisyan

The N-resonance process is an accessible and effective method for obtaining narrow (down to subnatural linewidth), and contrasted resonances, using two continuous lasers and a Rb vapor cell. In this article, we investigate the impact of buffer gas partial pressure on the contrast and linewidth of N-resonances formed in the

D_{1}

line of a ⁸⁵Rb thermal vapor. N-resonances are compared to usual EIT resonances, and we highlight their advantages and disadvantages. Measurements were performed with five vapor cells, each containing Rb and Ne buffer gas with different partial pressures (ranging from 0 to 400 Torr). This reveals the existence of an optimum Ne partial pressure that yields the best contrast, for which we provide a qualitative description. We then study the behavior of the N-resonance components when a transverse magnetic field is applied to the vapor cell. The frequency shift of each component is well described by theoretical calculations.

N 共振过程是利用两个连续激光器和一个掺镱蒸汽池获得窄共振（低至亚自然线宽）和对比共振的一种方便有效的方法。在本文中，我们研究了缓冲气体分压对在 85Rb 热蒸汽的 D1 线中形成的 N 共振的对比度和线宽的影响。我们将 N 共振与通常的 EIT 共振进行了比较，并强调了它们的优缺点。测量使用了五个蒸气室，每个蒸气室都含有不同分压（从 0 托到 400 托）的铷和氖缓冲气体。这表明存在能产生最佳对比度的最佳 Ne 分压，我们对此进行了定性描述。然后，我们研究了当横向磁场作用于蒸气室时 N 共振成分的行为。理论计算很好地描述了每个成分的频率偏移。

引用次数: 0

Resonance ionization spectroscopy of neodymium for determining a highly efficient two-step ionization scheme 利用钕的共振电离光谱确定高效的两步电离方案

IF 3.2 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.107036

Masabumi Miyabe , Yoshihiro Iwata , Hideki Tomita , Masato Morita , Tetsuo Sakamoto

Two-color two-step resonance ionization spectroscopy of neodymium (Nd) was performed to identify more than 120 even-parity autoionizing levels and their candidate J-values. The analysis of the observed autoionizing Rydberg series yielded a value of 44,560.11 (43)_stat (2)_sys cm⁻¹ as a more accurate ionization potential of Nd. The saturation method was used to measure the transition cross-sections for some intense ionization transitions. From the measured cross-sections, the ionization efficiencies of some two-step ionization schemes were evaluated using the scheme cross-section formula to obtain several promising schemes.

对钕（Nd）进行了双色双步共振电离光谱分析，以确定 120 多个偶极自电离水平及其候选 J 值。通过对观测到的自电离里德堡系列进行分析，得出了 44,560.11 (43)stat (2)sys cm-1 的值，作为更准确的钕电离势。饱和法用于测量一些强电离转变的转变截面。根据测得的横截面，利用方案横截面公式评估了一些两步电离方案的电离效率，得出了几种可行的方案。

引用次数: 0

Resolving studies of Balmer alpha lines relevant to the LIBS analysis of hydrogen isotope retention 与 LIBS 分析氢同位素保留相关的巴尔默阿尔法线的分辨研究

IF 3.2 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.107050

I. Traparic , D. Rankovic , B.D. Stankov , J. Savovic , M. Kuzmanovic , M. Ivkovic

Utilizing Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for detecting deuterium and tritium retention in fusion devices poses a significant challenge due to the experimental limitations in resolving hydrogen isotope Balmer alpha lines (H_α, D_α, and T_α). This study utilizes the Rayleigh criterion to distinguish T_α and D_α lines by determining the maximum line widths and corresponding plasma parameters. Experimental validation was performed through LIBS analysis of heavy water-doped graphite/silica gel targets in both argon and helium atmospheres to assess the predicted plasma parameters and line profile shapes. The optimization of laser pulse energy, gas pressure, delay, and gate times aimed at achieving fully resolved lines based on the intensity, width, and the dip between deuterium and hydrogen Balmer alpha lines. By fine-tuning these experimental parameters, the study successfully achieved a dip of less than 10 % between the H_α and D_α lines with a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio, demonstrating the feasibility of fully resolving the T_α and D_α lines. These findings underscore the potential of LIBS in enhancing the detection of deuterium and tritium retention in fusion devices.

由于在分辨氢同位素巴尔默α线（Hα、Dα 和 Tα）方面存在实验限制，因此利用激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）来检测聚变装置中的氘和氚滞留是一项重大挑战。本研究通过确定最大线宽和相应的等离子体参数，利用瑞利准则来区分 Tα 和 Dα 线。通过在氩气和氦气气氛中对掺重水的石墨/硅胶靶进行 LIBS 分析，对预测的等离子体参数和线剖面形状进行了实验验证。优化激光脉冲能量、气体压力、延迟和栅极时间的目的是根据氘和氢巴尔默α线的强度、宽度和倾角实现完全解析的线。通过微调这些实验参数，研究成功地实现了 Hα 和 Dα 线之间小于 10 % 的倾角，信噪比令人满意，证明了完全解析 Tα 和 Dα 线的可行性。这些发现强调了 LIBS 在增强聚变装置中氘和氚滞留检测方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Excitation and ionization of a diagnosis gas in front of the flexible μ tube plasma and in a diagnosis tube 在柔性 μ 管等离子体前和诊断管内诊断气体的激发和电离

IF 3.2 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2024.107052

Hao Song , Caiyan Tian , Luisa Speicher , Norman Ahlmann , Daniel Foest , Simon Höving , Sebastian Brandt , Guanghui Niu , Joachim Franzke

The noble gases Helium, Argon, Krypton and even Xeon have been applied as discharge gases for the flexible μ tube plasma (FμTP) with comparable ionization efficiencies. It was assumed that a temporally and spatially limited potential plays a major role in the generation of reactant ions responsible for protonation in the surrounding air. However, the excited and ionized species of ambient air cannot be detected directly by emission spectroscopy because there is no known emission wavelength within the detectable range. In this work, a diagnosis gas was introduced as a substitute for the surrounding air to understand the excitation and ionization outside the discharge capillary. It was found that with Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe as plasma gases the diagnosis gas He can be excited during the positive half cycle. The emission of He 706 nm and N₂⁺ 391 nm propagate with and against diagnosis gas flow directions in case of He and Ne driven plasmas. In case of Ar, Kr, and Xe driven plasmas, the emission of both species mainly develops against the diagnosis gas and the shapes of He 706 nm are wide. Further on, the diagnosis gas He is also excited even though there is a glass wall between the plasma gas flow and diagnosis gas flow. These findings demonstrate that the transient potential is responsible for the excitation of the diagnosis gas, not penning ionization or charge transfer between discharge plasma and diagnosis gas.

惰性气体氦气、氩气、氪气甚至氙气都被用作柔性μ管等离子体（FμTP）的放电气体，其电离效率相当。据推测，在周围空气中产生负责质子化的反应离子时，受时间和空间限制的电势起着主要作用。然而，由于在可检测范围内没有已知的发射波长，因此无法通过发射光谱直接检测环境空气中的激发和电离物种。在这项工作中，为了了解放电毛细管外的激发和电离情况，引入了一种诊断气体作为周围空气的替代物。研究发现，以 Ne、Ar、Kr、Xe 作为等离子气体时，诊断气体 He 可以在正半周内被激发。在 He 和 Ne 驱动的等离子体中，He 706 nm 和 N2+ 391 nm 的发射随诊断气体的流动方向传播，也可逆向传播。而在 Ar、Kr 和 Xe 驱动的等离子体中，这两种气体的发射主要是逆诊断气体方向传播的，并且 He 706 nm 的波长形状较宽。此外，即使等离子气流和诊断气流之间存在玻璃壁，诊断气体 He 也会被激发。这些发现表明，瞬态电势是诊断气体被激发的原因，而不是放电等离子体和诊断气体之间的电离或电荷转移。

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引用次数: 0