Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy最新文献_第8页

Overcoming matrix effects on the determination of phosphorus concentration in sewage sludge ash using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy hand-held instrumentation 激光诱导击穿光谱手持式仪器测定污水污泥灰中磷浓度克服基质效应

IF 3.8 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2025.107377

Mattia Massa , Elisa Galli , Alessandra Zanoletti , Annalisa Zacco , Silvana De Iuliis , Laura Eleonora Depero , Vincenzo Palleschi , Laura Borgese , Elza Bontempi

Sewage sludge ash (SSA), derived from the incineration of wastewater treatment sludge, typically contains phosphorus concentrations ranging from 4 % to 12 % by weight. This significant P content makes SSA a promising secondary resource, particularly for applications such as fertilizer production. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using handheld Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the rapid and direct determination of phosphorus content in SSA samples. The proposed method enables rapid and accurate quantification of phosphorus with minimal sample preparation and demonstrates strong resilience to matrix effects, which often compromise the reliability of conventional LIBS analysis.

The approach is based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), designed to produce a single calibration model capable of addressing the wide variability in phosphorus concentration typically observed in SSA samples. The innovative aspect of this work is the complete separation of the training stage of the CNN, which is done using simple synthetic reference samples, from the validation, which involves actual SSA samples collected from a waste-to-energy power plant, previously characterized using standard laboratory methods. This procedure allows to select, among the many spectral features that can be used for modelling the training set, only the ones that are proven to effectively work for the determination of phosphorous concentration in the SSA samples, which have a much more complex composition with respect to the synthetic training samples.

In addition to presenting this novel methodology, the study also includes a discussion of alternative approaches reported in the literature for matrix-independent quantitative LIBS analysis of phosphorus. This comparative overview highlights the advantages of the proposed method for in-situ analysis of SSA.

污水污泥灰（SSA），来源于废水处理污泥的焚烧，通常含有磷浓度从4%到12%的重量。这种显著的P含量使SSA成为一种有前途的二次资源，特别是在肥料生产等应用中。在本研究中，我们探索了手持式激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）快速直接测定SSA样品中磷含量的可行性。所提出的方法能够快速准确地定量磷，只需最少的样品制备，并且对基质效应具有很强的弹性，这通常会损害传统LIBS分析的可靠性。该方法基于卷积神经网络（CNN），旨在产生一个单一的校准模型，能够解决在SSA样品中通常观察到的磷浓度的广泛变化。这项工作的创新之处在于将CNN的训练阶段（使用简单的合成参考样本）与验证阶段（涉及从废物发电厂收集的实际SSA样本，之前使用标准实验室方法进行表征）完全分离。该程序允许在许多可用于训练集建模的光谱特征中选择，只有那些被证明有效地用于测定SSA样品中磷浓度的特征，这些样品的组成比合成训练样品复杂得多。除了提出这种新颖的方法外，该研究还包括对文献中报道的用于不依赖基质的磷定量LIBS分析的替代方法的讨论。这一对比概述突出了该方法在SSA原位分析中的优势。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting geochemistry in geological samples using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: Effects of compositional and textural outliers 利用激光诱导击穿光谱预测地质样品中的地球化学：成分和结构异常值的影响

IF 3.8 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2025.107376

Jack D. Henry , Kirsten L. Siebach , M. Darby Dyar , Kate H. Lepore , Cai R. Ytsma

The chemistry of geologic targets on different planets is often determined from Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) data using multivariate, machine learning models calibrated on laboratory spectra from pressed pellets of ground rocks with known compositions. However, due to the diversity of geologic materials, LIBS may be used to predict the chemistry of targets that are distinct from a training dataset in their composition and form. For example, loose granular materials may introduce unknown spectral effects compared to solid rocks. We used a LIBS instrument to analyze mineral pellets and loose powders of olivine, labradorite, and augite in five grain size fractions ranging from <25 μm to 710–1000 μm. These minerals are compositional outliers relative to rocks, and powders are texturally distinct from pressed pellets. Outlier compositions adversely affected prediction accuracy in pellets and powders. Additionally, prediction accuracy was dramatically worse for powders <38 μm compared to either larger grain sizes (>63 μm) or pellets. Powders this fine coupled poorly to the laser and potentially had plasma confinement effects in deep, narrow ablation pits. Resulting spectra had low intensity atomic emissions and elevated noise when normalized. These outlying spectra introduce unexpected features in the model input, so the atomic relationships are not accurately interpreted and predictions trend towards what the model was scaled on, the mean of training data compositions. Despite best practices, quantification models for LIBS built on pellets of pressed rock powders cannot account for effects seen in loose fine powders.

不同行星上地质目标的化学成分通常由激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）数据确定，使用多元机器学习模型，根据已知成分的地面岩石压粒的实验室光谱校准。然而，由于地质材料的多样性，LIBS可以用来预测目标的化学性质，这些目标在组成和形式上与训练数据集不同。例如，与固体岩石相比，松散的颗粒状材料可能会引入未知的光谱效应。我们使用LIBS仪器分析了橄榄石、拉布拉多石和奥辉石的矿物颗粒和松散粉末，其粒度范围为25 μm至710-1000 μm。与岩石相比，这些矿物在成分上是异常值，粉末在质地上与压碎的颗粒不同。异常成分对颗粒和粉末的预测精度有不利影响。此外，与较大的颗粒尺寸（>63 μm）或颗粒相比，38 μm粉末的预测精度明显较差。这种细粉末与激光耦合较差，在深、窄的烧蚀坑中可能产生等离子体约束效应。所得到的光谱具有低强度原子发射和高噪声归一化后。这些离群光谱在模型输入中引入了意想不到的特征，因此不能准确地解释原子关系，并且预测倾向于模型的缩放，即训练数据组成的平均值。尽管有最佳实践，但建立在压石粉颗粒上的LIBS量化模型无法解释松散细粉中所见的效果。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances and trends of non-destructive spectral identification of pigments in cultural heritage paintings 文物绘画颜料无损光谱鉴定研究进展与趋势

IF 3.8 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2025.107378

Huizhi Han

Cultural heritage paintings, as important carrier of human cultural heritage, contain extremely high historical, artistic, and cultural value. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the application of non-destructive, sensitive, and accurate analysis methods in the field of cultural heritage painting is becoming increasingly widespread, providing key technical support for revealing information such as the pigments, binders, production process, age, and restoration status of cultural heritage paintings. In recent years, some advanced identification techniques applied for cultural heritage paintings have also emerged, promoting the in-depth development of cultural heritage protection and researches. Herein, the purpose of this review is to highlight the latest developments in the characterization techniques and compositional analysis of cultural heritage paintings, as well as the classification of their components. Some new technologies and methods have also been provided to reveal the hidden details and degradation processes of cultural heritage paintings. Meanwhile, the challenges and prospects of component identification for cultural heritage paintings are also pointed out. This review is expected to provide new insights for researchers to better identify and protect cultural heritage paintings.

文化遗产绘画作为人类文化遗产的重要载体，具有极高的历史、艺术和文化价值。随着科学技术的不断进步，无损、灵敏、准确的分析方法在文物绘画领域的应用日益广泛，为揭示文物绘画的颜料、粘合剂、制作工艺、年代、修复状况等信息提供了关键的技术支撑。近年来，一些应用于文物绘画的先进鉴定技术也出现了，促进了文物保护与研究的深入发展。在此，本文的目的是重点介绍文物绘画的表征技术和成分分析的最新进展，以及它们的成分分类。为揭示文化遗产绘画的隐藏细节和退化过程提供了一些新的技术和方法。同时，也指出了文物画成分鉴定面临的挑战和前景。这一综述有望为研究人员更好地识别和保护文化遗产绘画提供新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

High-sensitivity quantification of Tilletia foetida teliospores in wheat via immunomagnetic enrichment and gold nanoparticle-labeled ICP-MS immunoassay 免疫磁富集和金纳米颗粒标记ICP-MS免疫分析法对小麦tiltiltia foetida端孢子的高灵敏度定量分析

IF 3.8 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2025.107374

Yufeng Li , Hanxu Ji , Jingjing Xu , Xiuming Mei , Xiaoxiao Wu , Yongli Ye , Miao Yang , Diyao Jiang , Yuwei Qiang , Lan Jiang , Jungui Zhou , Chi Zhang , Xiulan Sun

A novel method for detecting Tilletia foetida teliospores in wheat was developed by integrating inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with an elemental labeling strategy. On the basis of an immunological method, capture magnetic beads coupled with a polyclonal antibody probe (MBs-pAb) were constructed to specifically enrich and label T. foetida teliospores. A gold nanoparticle-labeled monoclonal antibody was then added to bind to MBs-pAb. After dissociation of the resulting complexes using citric acid, the ¹⁹⁷Au signal was detected by ICP-MS, allowing for the quantitative detection of T. foetida spores. Under optimal conditions, the method had a limit of detection of 50 teliospores/mL and a linear range of 200–50,000 teliospores/mL. This new approach, which enables the rapid and highly sensitive detection of teliospores within 2.5 h, was successfully applied to wheat samples. The method shows significant potential for analyzing and monitoring common bunt of wheat, offering a robust tool for agricultural diagnostics and disease management.

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）和元素标记相结合的方法，建立了小麦Tilletia foetida telio孢子的检测方法。在免疫学方法的基础上，构建了磁珠与多克隆抗体探针（MBs-pAb）偶联的捕获磁珠，特异富集和标记T. foetida远孢子。然后加入金纳米颗粒标记的单克隆抗体与MBs-pAb结合。用柠檬酸解离所得到的配合物后，用ICP-MS检测197Au信号，从而实现对T. foetida孢子的定量检测。在最佳条件下，该方法的检出限为50个/mL，线性范围为200 ~ 50,000个/mL。这种新方法能够在2.5 h内快速、高灵敏度地检测出端孢子，并成功地应用于小麦样品。该方法在分析和监测小麦常见病害方面显示出巨大的潜力，为农业诊断和病害管理提供了强有力的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Feasibility study on multivariate calibration transfer in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry x射线荧光光谱多变量校准转移的可行性研究

IF 3.8 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2025.107373

Vitaly Panchuk , Zahars Selivanovs , Victor Chubarov , Galina Pashkova , Dmitry Kirsanov

Despite the widespread use of calibration model transfer in spectroscopy, its application to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instruments has been largely unexplored. This study investigates the feasibility of transferring regression models between different XRF instruments: energy dispersive XRF (EDX) under varying conditions and between wavelength dispersive (WDX) and EDX. Metal ore samples were employed as a case study. We compared three model transfer algorithms (direct standardization, piecewise direct standardization, and slope and bias correction) for quantification of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, K₂O, CaO, TiO₂, MnO, Fe₂O₃. It was found that piecewise direct standardization generally performed best in terms of prediction accuracy on a test set with transferred models. For example, in case of Fe₂O₃ the direct EDX data plugging into WDX model leads to tenfold increase in quantification error (from 5.34 % for WDX to 52.75 % for raw EDX in the range from 0.03 to 97.52 %) which is definitely not acceptable even for semi-quantitative analysis. Model transfer allows decreasing the error down to original WDX model (quantification error for EDX data after direct standardization is 5.09 %). The study demonstrates the potential and the practicability of calibration transfer protocol in XRF studies.

尽管校准模型转移在光谱学中广泛使用，但其在x射线荧光（XRF）仪器中的应用在很大程度上尚未探索。本研究探讨了在不同条件下能量色散XRF （EDX）和波长色散（WDX）与EDX之间传递回归模型的可行性。以金属矿石样品为例进行了研究。我们比较了三种模型转移算法（直接标准化、分段直接标准化和斜率和偏差校正）对Al2O3、SiO2、K2O、CaO、TiO2、MnO、Fe2O3的量化。研究发现，分段直接标准化在具有转移模型的测试集上的预测精度一般表现最好。例如，在Fe2O3的情况下，直接将EDX数据插入WDX模型会导致量化误差增加十倍（从WDX的5.34%到原始EDX的52.75%，范围从0.03到97.52%），即使是半定量分析也绝对不可接受。模型转移可以将误差降低到原始WDX模型（EDX数据直接标准化后的量化误差为5.09%）。该研究证明了校准转移方案在XRF研究中的潜力和实用性。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of laser fluence on signal sustainability and quantitative performance of fiber-optic LIBS for steel samples 激光通量对钢样品光纤LIBS信号可持续性和定量性能的影响

IF 3.8 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2025.107362

Sunita Ahlawat , Diksha Garg , Priya Tripathi , Rajesh Kumar Sahu , Soma Banik , Pravin S. Hedaoo , B. Prasad , Rashmi Singh , P.K. Mukhopadhyay , B.N. Upadhyaya

The steel plasma signal generated using fiber-optic LIBS, was found to continuously decrease when multiple low fluence laser pulses hit the sample at the same site, a behaviour not typically observed in free-space LIBS. Our findings suggest that the reason for such observations in FO-LIBS is the transformation of beam into top-hat like profile after propagating through the large core-diameter fiber required to handle the energetic ns laser pulses. At low fluence, only the surface oxides got ablated, resulting in a plasma, which could not sustain multiple shots due to removal of oxide layer by successive laser shots. Only after the fluence exceeded the base metal ablation threshold, a sustained plasma signal could be obtained. After achieving a stable signal, effect of further increase in fluence was evaluated using a hybrid Random Forest–ANN regression model for quantitative analysis of major, minor and trace level steel elements like Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Si, Cu, Co, C, P and S. At fluence level just above the threshold, the relative mean error (RME) of prediction was found to be between ∼1 % -10 % for all the elements, except for C (∼12 %) and S (16 %). The root mean square error (RMSE) values were between 0.0008 % - 0.286 % for all the elements. At further higher fluence, the quantitative performance was observed to slightly degrade, which may be due to the increased plasma density and the associated spectral complexities. Our results highlight that, in FO-LIBS, identifying the material-specific fluence range is important for achieving stable plasma signal and reliable quantitative performance.

使用光纤LIBS产生的钢等离子体信号发现，当多个低通量激光脉冲在同一位置撞击样品时，钢等离子体信号持续下降，这在自由空间LIBS中通常不会观察到。我们的研究结果表明，FO-LIBS中出现这种现象的原因是光束在通过处理高能ns激光脉冲所需的大芯径光纤传播后转变为顶帽状轮廓。在低通量下，只有表面氧化物被烧蚀，产生等离子体，由于连续激光射击去除氧化层，等离子体无法承受多次射击。只有当通量超过母材烧蚀阈值后，才能获得持续的等离子体信号。在获得稳定的信号后，使用混合随机森林-人工神经网络回归模型对进一步增加影响进行评估，用于定量分析Cr、Ni、Mo、Mn、Si、Cu、Co、C、P和S等主要、次要和痕量钢元素。在刚好高于阈值的影响水平上，除了C（~ 12%）和S（16%）外，预测的相对平均误差（RME）在所有元素的1% - 10%之间。各元素的均方根误差（RMSE）在0.0008% ~ 0.286%之间。在更高的通量下，观察到定量性能略有下降，这可能是由于等离子体密度增加和相关的光谱复杂性。我们的研究结果强调，在FO-LIBS中，确定物质特异性的影响范围对于获得稳定的等离子体信号和可靠的定量性能非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Early screening of Alzheimer’s disease based on feces analysis using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy 基于粪便分析的阿尔茨海默病早期筛查，激光诱导击穿光谱

IF 3.8 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2025.107372

Wei Cheng , Zhao Zhang , Xueqi Liu , Xiaodong Jin , Yaju Li , Qiang Zeng , Dongbin Qian , Fei Ye , Qiang Li

Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses an unprecedented global health challenge. It exhibits a protracted preclinical phase spanning nearly 20 years, during which early interventions can effectively extend the asymptomatic period, highlighting the critical importance of precision stratification and risk assessment strategies. Current biomarker-based approaches face significant limitations including invasive procedures, high costs, and lack of standardized risk stratification systems, necessitating the development of novel, cost-effective screening technologies for high-risk population identification. In this study, we developed and validated an innovative method using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for screening high-risk populations with preclinical AD characteristics. By analyzing the elemental distribution in feces from 20 AD mice (10 female and 10 male) and 20 age-matched normal mice from 4 to 51 weeks of age, we demonstrated that LIBS can capture subtle changes in metal concentrations associated with AD progression. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reveals comprehensive alterations in elemental distribution patterns, while a Random Forest (RF) model achieves a classification accuracy exceeding 90 % in most stages. Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis identifies Ca II 396.85 nm and Mg 279.55 nm as the most critical spectral features for accurate discrimination, both contributing 14 % to classification accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of LIBS-based fecal analysis as a non-invasive, rapid, and cost-effective tool for early AD screening. This study validated the feasibility of LIBS + machine learning (ML) for screening high-risk AD populations through animal experiments. Nevertheless, extensive studies and technological iterations on the novel LIBS+ML method are required to achieve clinical application standards.

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一项前所未有的全球健康挑战。它表现出长达近20年的临床前阶段，在此期间早期干预可以有效延长无症状期，突出了精确分层和风险评估策略的重要性。目前基于生物标志物的方法面临着重大的局限性，包括侵入性手术、高成本和缺乏标准化的风险分层系统，因此需要开发新的、具有成本效益的筛查技术来识别高风险人群。在这项研究中，我们开发并验证了一种使用激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）筛选具有临床前AD特征的高危人群的创新方法。通过分析20只AD小鼠（10只雌性和10只雄性）和20只年龄匹配的正常小鼠（4至51周龄）粪便中的元素分布，我们证明了LIBS可以捕捉到与AD进展相关的金属浓度的细微变化。主成分分析（PCA）揭示了元素分布格局的全面变化，而随机森林（RF）模型在大多数阶段的分类精度超过90%。Shapley加性解释（SHAP）分析确定Ca II 396.85 nm和Mg 279.55 nm是准确区分的最关键光谱特征，两者都贡献了14%的分类精度。这些发现突出了粪便分析作为一种无创、快速、经济的早期AD筛查工具的潜力。本研究通过动物实验验证了LIBS +机器学习（ML）筛查AD高危人群的可行性。然而，为了达到临床应用标准，需要对新型LIBS+ML方法进行广泛的研究和技术迭代。

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引用次数: 0

Outside Front Cover - Journal name, Cover image, Volume issue details, ISSN, Cover Date, Elsevier Logo and Society Logo if required 外部封面-期刊名称，封面图片，卷刊细节，ISSN，封面日期，爱思唯尔标志和学会标志（如果需要）

IF 3.8 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(25)00248-4

引用次数: 0

Development of a spectral X-ray fluorescence database to strengthen the scientific foundations for the forensic analysis and interpretation of modern soda-lime glass 开发光谱x射线荧光数据库，以加强现代钠钙玻璃的法医分析和解释的科学基础

IF 3.8 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2025.107361

Zachary Andrews , Troy Ernst , Cedric Neumann , Tatiana Trejos

This study offers scientific support for the updated standard for micro X-ray fluorescence (μXRF, ASTM E2926) used in forensic glass analysis, reflecting recent changes in modern soda-lime glass formulations and newer μXRF systems with silicon drift detectors (SDDs). To develop this standard, an extensive database has been developed, showing changes in the elemental profiles of modern glass and the forensic implications of the improved analytical capabilities of SDDs. The database comprises over 2000 fragments from 112 known sources of vehicle and architectural windows, including glasses treated with laminating, tempering, and e-coating techniques. The study reveals that different sampling and comparison criteria are required due to the improved precision and sensitivity of SDD and variations in spatial heterogeneity of glass. The comparison interval recommended for older systems with SiLi detectors produces higher false exclusion rates (up to 15 %). Therefore, a modified 3 s comparison criterion is recommended for SDDs to minimize error rates. The modified 3 s criterion accounts for data with precision lower than 3 % RSD by defining the range of the known sample as three times the standard deviation of the measurements or three times 3 % of the mean, whichever is greater. This criterion yielded false exclusion and inclusion rates less than 3 % and 0.7 %, respectively for various sets of full-thickness glass fragments when using at least ten fragments to characterize the heterogeneity of the known sample. The findings raise awareness of the detection of distinctive elements in the nanometer-thick e-coated layer and lead to recommendations for addressing spatial variations.

该研究为法医玻璃分析中使用的微x射线荧光（μXRF, ASTM E2926）的更新标准提供了科学支持，反映了现代钠石灰玻璃配方的最新变化和带有硅漂移检测器（sdd）的新μXRF系统。为了制定这一标准，已经开发了一个广泛的数据库，显示了现代玻璃元素特征的变化以及改进的sdd分析能力的法医意义。该数据库包括来自112个已知来源的车辆和建筑窗户的2000多个碎片，包括经过层压、回火和电子涂层技术处理的玻璃。研究表明，由于SDD的精度和灵敏度的提高以及玻璃的空间异质性的变化，需要不同的采样和比较标准。对于使用SiLi检测器的旧系统，推荐的比较间隔会产生更高的误排除率（高达15%）。因此，建议对sdd使用修改后的3s比较标准，以尽量减少错误率。修正后的3s标准将已知样本的范围定义为测量值的标准偏差的三倍或平均值的三倍，以较大者为准，用于解释精度低于3% RSD的数据。当使用至少10个碎片来表征已知样品的异质性时，该标准产生的假排除率和包含率分别小于3%和0.7%。这些发现提高了人们对纳米厚电子涂层中不同元素检测的认识，并为解决空间差异提出了建议。

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引用次数: 0

Insights into nanoparticle enhanced laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (NELIBS): A comparative study of plasma characteristics and signal enhancement 纳米粒子增强激光诱导击穿光谱（NELIBS）：等离子体特性和信号增强的比较研究

IF 3.8 2区化学 Q1 SPECTROSCOPY

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2025.107358

Morteza Khalaji, Seyed Hassan Tavassoli, Somayeh Karimi

This study investigates the mechanisms behind the spectral emission enhancement in Nanoparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (NELIBS) compared to conventional Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Using a titanium sample coated with 20 nm spherical Au-NPs under optimized conditions, we analyze the temporal evolution of spectral intensity, plasma properties, and ablation characteristics. The results show that NELIBS sustains higher spectral emission for a longer duration while maintaining a relatively lower plasma temperature and higher electron density during plasma expansion. These conditions promote more efficient recombination processes, enhancing continuum emission. Furthermore, spectral analysis reveals that the NELIBS plasma remains optically thin over an extended time window, contributing to improved signal quality. The primary factor driving this enhancement is the increased density of emitting species (ions and atoms), facilitated by improved laser energy absorption, more efficient plasma formation, and modified ablation mechanisms influenced by the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. Furthermore, the microscopic image confirms that NELIBS results in smoother and more uniform ablation craters, indicating superior ablation efficiency. These insights provide deeper insight into the fundamental differences between LIBS and NELIBS, highlighting the advantages of nanoparticle-assisted plasma generation for enhanced spectroscopic performance.

本研究探讨了纳米粒子增强激光诱导击穿光谱（NELIBS）与传统激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）相比，光谱发射增强的机制。在优化条件下，利用包覆20 nm球形Au-NPs的钛样品，分析了光谱强度、等离子体特性和烧蚀特性的时间演变。结果表明，在等离子体膨胀过程中，NELIBS在保持相对较低的等离子体温度和较高的电子密度的同时，在较长的时间内保持较高的光谱发射。这些条件促进了更有效的复合过程，增强了连续体发射。此外，光谱分析表明，NELIBS等离子体在延长的时间窗口内保持光学薄，有助于改善信号质量。驱动这种增强的主要因素是发射物质（离子和原子）密度的增加，促进了激光能量吸收的改善，更有效的等离子体形成，以及局部表面等离子体共振（LSPR）效应影响的改进的烧蚀机制。此外，显微图像证实了NELIBS产生的烧蚀坑更光滑、更均匀，表明了更高的烧蚀效率。这些见解为LIBS和NELIBS之间的根本差异提供了更深入的见解，突出了纳米粒子辅助等离子体生成增强光谱性能的优势。

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引用次数: 0