Pub Date : 2019-02-13DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82041
D. Winarski, F. Selim
ZnO thin films are synthesized and studied to understand the functionality of solu - tion-processed semiconductor devices. A simple sol-gel technique is used to fabricate transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) and ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors from ZnO precursors via spin coating, inkjet printing (IJP), and aerosol jet printing (AJP). A variety of flexible and transparent substrates was selected based on the deposition and sintering conditions and the device application. Doping of ZnO films with Al 3+ , In 3+ , and Ga 3+ was introduced in precursor solutions before deposition processes. Post-deposition process - ing was carried out in air, H 2 , and Zn environments to optimize thin film properties. Optical, structural, and electronic data analyses reveal the significant effects that deposi - tion method, substrates, dopants, and processing conditions have on the optical trans -mission, crystallinity, grain size, and electrical conductivity.
{"title":"Synthesis of Conductive Sol-Gel ZnO Films and Development of ZnO Printed Electronics","authors":"D. Winarski, F. Selim","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82041","url":null,"abstract":"ZnO thin films are synthesized and studied to understand the functionality of solu - tion-processed semiconductor devices. A simple sol-gel technique is used to fabricate transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) and ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors from ZnO precursors via spin coating, inkjet printing (IJP), and aerosol jet printing (AJP). A variety of flexible and transparent substrates was selected based on the deposition and sintering conditions and the device application. Doping of ZnO films with Al 3+ , In 3+ , and Ga 3+ was introduced in precursor solutions before deposition processes. Post-deposition process - ing was carried out in air, H 2 , and Zn environments to optimize thin film properties. Optical, structural, and electronic data analyses reveal the significant effects that deposi - tion method, substrates, dopants, and processing conditions have on the optical trans -mission, crystallinity, grain size, and electrical conductivity.","PeriodicalId":21910,"journal":{"name":"Sol-Gel Method - Design and Synthesis of New Materials with Interesting Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75809519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-13DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80667
Muhammad Syazwan Mustaffa, R. Azis, SakinahSulaiman
In this research work, an attempt of regulating the pH as a sol-gel modification parameter during preparation of SrFe 12 O 19 nanoparticles sintered at a low sintering temperature of 900 (cid:1) C has been presented. The relationship of varying pH (pH 1 – 14) on structural microstructures and magnetic behaviors of SrFe 12 O 19 nanoparticles was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning microscope (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). The single-phase SrFe 2 O 19 with optimum magnetic properties can be obtained at pH 1 with a sintering temperature of 900 (cid:1) C. As pH values increase, the presence of impurity Fe 2 O 3 was observed. TGA data-varying pH shows that the total weight loss of most samples was at 30.44% which corresponds to the decomposition process. The IR spectra showed three main absorption bands in the range of 400 – 600 cm (cid:3) 1 corresponding to strontium hexaferrite. SEM micrographs exhibit a circular crystal type of strontium ferrite with an average crystal size in the range of 53 – 133 nm. A higher saturation magnetization M s , remanent magnetization M r , and hysteresis H c were recorded to have a large loop of 55.094 emu/g, 33.995 emu/g, and 5357.6 Oe, respectively, at pH 11, which make the synthesized materials useful for high-density recording media and permanent magnets.
{"title":"Dependence of pH Variation on the Structural, Morphological, and Magnetic Properties of Sol-Gel Synthesized Strontium Ferrite Nanoparticles","authors":"Muhammad Syazwan Mustaffa, R. Azis, SakinahSulaiman","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80667","url":null,"abstract":"In this research work, an attempt of regulating the pH as a sol-gel modification parameter during preparation of SrFe 12 O 19 nanoparticles sintered at a low sintering temperature of 900 (cid:1) C has been presented. The relationship of varying pH (pH 1 – 14) on structural microstructures and magnetic behaviors of SrFe 12 O 19 nanoparticles was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning microscope (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM). The single-phase SrFe 2 O 19 with optimum magnetic properties can be obtained at pH 1 with a sintering temperature of 900 (cid:1) C. As pH values increase, the presence of impurity Fe 2 O 3 was observed. TGA data-varying pH shows that the total weight loss of most samples was at 30.44% which corresponds to the decomposition process. The IR spectra showed three main absorption bands in the range of 400 – 600 cm (cid:3) 1 corresponding to strontium hexaferrite. SEM micrographs exhibit a circular crystal type of strontium ferrite with an average crystal size in the range of 53 – 133 nm. A higher saturation magnetization M s , remanent magnetization M r , and hysteresis H c were recorded to have a large loop of 55.094 emu/g, 33.995 emu/g, and 5357.6 Oe, respectively, at pH 11, which make the synthesized materials useful for high-density recording media and permanent magnets.","PeriodicalId":21910,"journal":{"name":"Sol-Gel Method - Design and Synthesis of New Materials with Interesting Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82643962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-12DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82487
G. Aguilar
{"title":"Introductory Chapter: A Brief Semblance of the Sol-Gel Method in Research","authors":"G. Aguilar","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21910,"journal":{"name":"Sol-Gel Method - Design and Synthesis of New Materials with Interesting Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90850412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79857
H. Aminirastabi, H. Xue, D. Peng, G. Ji
The production of ceramic nanostructures and engineering of their structure are the goals of the high-tech industry. Researchers prefer the sol-gel route to control the material at the atomic scale among other methods. In this chapter, we describe the production of ceramic nanostructures in different forms such as film, fiber, glass, and powder. We also discuss about microstructures and properties of these ceramic materials and the relationship between them.
{"title":"Sol-Gel Process and Engineering Nanostructure","authors":"H. Aminirastabi, H. Xue, D. Peng, G. Ji","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79857","url":null,"abstract":"The production of ceramic nanostructures and engineering of their structure are the goals of the high-tech industry. Researchers prefer the sol-gel route to control the material at the atomic scale among other methods. In this chapter, we describe the production of ceramic nanostructures in different forms such as film, fiber, glass, and powder. We also discuss about microstructures and properties of these ceramic materials and the relationship between them.","PeriodicalId":21910,"journal":{"name":"Sol-Gel Method - Design and Synthesis of New Materials with Interesting Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86793713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79712
E. Gonzalez, N. Vejar, R. Solís, L. Muñoz, M. Encinas, M. Páez
Aluminum alloys used in aeronautical industry are susceptible to corrosion. The solu- tion to this problem is base chromate materials, which have been heavily regulated and restricted. The development of alternatives begins in the 1970s and the 2000s, where some potential methodologies were established. The sol-gel process is one of these methods, in which thin oxide layers are deposited on the metal substrate. An important aspect is the fact of possible combinations among types of oxides and the incorporation of an organic compound to improve the performance of the films; moreover, this allows the addition of inhibitors and nanomaterials, making this method an interesting and versatile way to obtain a coating. In this chapter, we will describe the importance of the use of coating synthesized via sol-gel in the corrosion protection of metal surfaces. The advantages and disadvantages of using modified sol-gel polymer films and hybrid system coatings will also be discussed, as well as the methodologies for the chemical characterization and the feasibility of evaluating the mechanical properties of the coatings.
{"title":"Sol-Gel Films: Corrosion Protection Coating for Aluminium Alloy","authors":"E. Gonzalez, N. Vejar, R. Solís, L. Muñoz, M. Encinas, M. Páez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79712","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum alloys used in aeronautical industry are susceptible to corrosion. The solu- tion to this problem is base chromate materials, which have been heavily regulated and restricted. The development of alternatives begins in the 1970s and the 2000s, where some potential methodologies were established. The sol-gel process is one of these methods, in which thin oxide layers are deposited on the metal substrate. An important aspect is the fact of possible combinations among types of oxides and the incorporation of an organic compound to improve the performance of the films; moreover, this allows the addition of inhibitors and nanomaterials, making this method an interesting and versatile way to obtain a coating. In this chapter, we will describe the importance of the use of coating synthesized via sol-gel in the corrosion protection of metal surfaces. The advantages and disadvantages of using modified sol-gel polymer films and hybrid system coatings will also be discussed, as well as the methodologies for the chemical characterization and the feasibility of evaluating the mechanical properties of the coatings.","PeriodicalId":21910,"journal":{"name":"Sol-Gel Method - Design and Synthesis of New Materials with Interesting Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80617007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79018
E. Ugwu
The review of the effect of annealing and doping zinc oxide thin films on both the struc - tural and optical properties has been carried out for different growth techniques such as sol–gel growth technique. The structural and optical properties were carried out using thin films were characterized SEM, XRD while TE and TM guided mode spectra, UV– VIS–NIR (HR4000Ocean Optics) and UV–Visible spectrometry were used accordingly respectively. From the results, it was clearly observed the both the morphological and the crystal characteristics structural characteristic, although increase in the percent of doping element affected it as the diffraction peak was shifts slightly to a lower angle side with report that crystal structure of the film deteriorate at a higher doping concentration of doping element as it decreases the c-lattice. There was also adjustment on the band gap of the material when it was annealed at various temperatures and also when the dop - ing concentration was varied. The film exhibited lower absorbance, high transmittance depend on the regions of electromagnetic wave spectra.
{"title":"The Effect of Annealing, Doping on the Properties and Functionality of Zinc Oxide Thin Film; Review","authors":"E. Ugwu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79018","url":null,"abstract":"The review of the effect of annealing and doping zinc oxide thin films on both the struc - tural and optical properties has been carried out for different growth techniques such as sol–gel growth technique. The structural and optical properties were carried out using thin films were characterized SEM, XRD while TE and TM guided mode spectra, UV– VIS–NIR (HR4000Ocean Optics) and UV–Visible spectrometry were used accordingly respectively. From the results, it was clearly observed the both the morphological and the crystal characteristics structural characteristic, although increase in the percent of doping element affected it as the diffraction peak was shifts slightly to a lower angle side with report that crystal structure of the film deteriorate at a higher doping concentration of doping element as it decreases the c-lattice. There was also adjustment on the band gap of the material when it was annealed at various temperatures and also when the dop - ing concentration was varied. The film exhibited lower absorbance, high transmittance depend on the regions of electromagnetic wave spectra.","PeriodicalId":21910,"journal":{"name":"Sol-Gel Method - Design and Synthesis of New Materials with Interesting Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87146158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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