Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2255158
G. V. van Zijl, J. V. van Tol
{"title":"Digital soil mapping enables informed decision-making to conserve soils within protected areas","authors":"G. V. van Zijl, J. V. van Tol","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2255158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2255158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"8 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2282504
M. de Bruyn, Andre Nel, J. van Niekerk
{"title":"The effect of crop rotation on soil health in the north-western Free State region, South Africa","authors":"M. de Bruyn, Andre Nel, J. van Niekerk","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2282504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2282504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"29 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2259863
Chrizette D Neethling, S. Milton, F. Buschke, JR Henschel, Pieter W van Deventer, S. Esterhuyse
{"title":"A bioassay of mine-affected soils and ameliorants in semi-arid rehabilitation","authors":"Chrizette D Neethling, S. Milton, F. Buschke, JR Henschel, Pieter W van Deventer, S. Esterhuyse","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2259863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2259863","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2259860
Jacobus FN Smith, A. Hardie
{"title":"Determination of optimal soil pH and nutrient concentrations for cultivated rooibos tea using the boundary line approach","authors":"Jacobus FN Smith, A. Hardie","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2259860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2259860","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"63 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2243274
Oyédékpo F Chabi, Gustave D Dagbénonbakin, Emile C Agbangba, Brice Oussou, Guillaume L Amadji, Léonard E Ahoton, Saïdou Aliou
AbstractSoybean is one of the promising crops in the Benin agro-industrial sector, but its production is carried out at the expense of the inherent soil fertility. The present study aims to apply the DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) for nutrient status assessment in farmers’ soybean fields in northern and central Benin. Sixty-two plant leaf samples were collected during a survey carried out in 2019 in farmers’ fields. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in the leaf samples were analysed. DRIS norms were used to calculate the various paired nutrient ratios in the high-yielding population. Nutrient balance indices (NBI) were also determined. Nutrient requirements based on NBI were ranked according Zn > N > P > Ca > K > Mg, highlighting the importance of Zn and N in soybean nutrition. Paired nutrient ratios (N/P, N/K, Mg/N, N/Ca, Ca/P, K/Ca, Mg/Ca, Zn/Mg) were either significantly (p = 0.0001) higher or lower than those in the literature, excluding Mg/P, Mg/K, P/Zn, Ca/Zn, N/Zn K/Zn and P/K paired ratios. This observation indicates the necessity of calibrating DRIS norms taking into account local conditions and cropping systems. The DRIS model could be an important tool for refining soybean nutrient needs in a cropping system. Zinc and N levels limited soybean cultivation in farmers’ fields and must be included in the soybean fertiliser formulations to ensure optimal yield of soybean in Benin.Keywords: DRIS normsmicronutrientnutrient deficiencyplant nutritionsoil fertility management AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the Improvement of Smallholder Agricultural Productivity (PAPAPE/SAPEP-Benin) Project implemented by the Benin National Agricultural Research Institute (INRAB), funded by the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and Benin Government, for the financial support of the present research.Disclosure statementThe authors declare no conflict of interest.
摘要大豆是贝宁农业工业中具有发展前景的作物之一，但其生产是以牺牲土壤固有肥力为代价的。本研究旨在将DRIS(诊断与推荐综合系统)应用于贝宁北部和中部农民大豆田的营养状况评估。2019年在农民田间进行的一项调查中收集了62份植物叶片样本。分析了叶片样品中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)和锌(Zn)的浓度。采用DRIS规范计算高产群体的各种配对营养比。测定营养平衡指数(NBI)。基于NBI的营养需要量排序为Zn > N > P > Ca > K > Mg，凸显了Zn和N在大豆营养中的重要性。配对养分比(N/P、N/K、Mg/N、N/Ca、Ca/P、K/Ca、Mg/Ca、Zn/Mg)均显著高于或低于文献数据(P = 0.0001)，但不包括Mg/P、Mg/K、P/Zn、Ca/Zn、N/Zn、K/Zn和P/K配对。这一观察结果表明，有必要在考虑当地条件和种植制度的情况下校准DRIS规范。DRIS模型可以作为一种重要的工具来改善大豆在种植系统中的营养需求。锌和氮水平限制了大豆在农民田间的种植，必须包括在大豆肥料配方中，以确保贝宁大豆的最佳产量。作者感谢由伊斯兰开发银行(IDB)和贝宁政府资助的贝宁国家农业研究所(INRAB)实施的提高小农农业生产力(PAPAPE/SAPEP-Benin)项目为本研究提供的资金支持。声明作者声明无利益冲突。
{"title":"Soil nutrient deficiency assessment under soybean cropping systems using the DRIS system in northern and central Benin","authors":"Oyédékpo F Chabi, Gustave D Dagbénonbakin, Emile C Agbangba, Brice Oussou, Guillaume L Amadji, Léonard E Ahoton, Saïdou Aliou","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2243274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2243274","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSoybean is one of the promising crops in the Benin agro-industrial sector, but its production is carried out at the expense of the inherent soil fertility. The present study aims to apply the DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) for nutrient status assessment in farmers’ soybean fields in northern and central Benin. Sixty-two plant leaf samples were collected during a survey carried out in 2019 in farmers’ fields. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in the leaf samples were analysed. DRIS norms were used to calculate the various paired nutrient ratios in the high-yielding population. Nutrient balance indices (NBI) were also determined. Nutrient requirements based on NBI were ranked according Zn > N > P > Ca > K > Mg, highlighting the importance of Zn and N in soybean nutrition. Paired nutrient ratios (N/P, N/K, Mg/N, N/Ca, Ca/P, K/Ca, Mg/Ca, Zn/Mg) were either significantly (p = 0.0001) higher or lower than those in the literature, excluding Mg/P, Mg/K, P/Zn, Ca/Zn, N/Zn K/Zn and P/K paired ratios. This observation indicates the necessity of calibrating DRIS norms taking into account local conditions and cropping systems. The DRIS model could be an important tool for refining soybean nutrient needs in a cropping system. Zinc and N levels limited soybean cultivation in farmers’ fields and must be included in the soybean fertiliser formulations to ensure optimal yield of soybean in Benin.Keywords: DRIS normsmicronutrientnutrient deficiencyplant nutritionsoil fertility management AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the Improvement of Smallholder Agricultural Productivity (PAPAPE/SAPEP-Benin) Project implemented by the Benin National Agricultural Research Institute (INRAB), funded by the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and Benin Government, for the financial support of the present research.Disclosure statementThe authors declare no conflict of interest.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"56 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2248056
Pippa A Karsen, Elmi Lötze, Alexander J Valentine, Eleanor W Hoffman
AbstractTo ensure a high-quality, sustainable supply of South African indigenous honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) tea to domestic and international markets, a shift from wild harvesting practices to true-to-type clonal material is required. This study investigated the impact of stock plant rejuvenation period and seasonality, and the harvesting position of cutting material on stock plants, on the rooting success of four genotypes of Cyclopia subternata Vogel, the most widely cultivated honeybush species. Cutting rooting success varied between 65–94% in summer and 49–91% in autumn, whilst winter-rooted cuttings showed poor rooting success (0–7%). Cutting dry weight was positively correlated with rooting percentage (r = 0.647; p ≤ 0.001). The rooting success of cuttings was strongly impacted by internal stock plant factors, such as clonal effects, cutting position and rejuvenation period. The use of terminal, semi-hardwood cuttings collected in autumn, following 15 months of regrowth, is recommended to achieve acceptable-to-high rooting success. This study confirms that the clonal propagation of C. subternata via cuttings could be a viable option for the sustainable production of high-quality honeybush tea, provided the selection criteria of the stock plant material used as the cutting source is carefully considered.Keywords: cuttingclonesselectionphenologyrejuvenation AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful for the funding provided by the Western Cape Department of Agriculture. Thank you to Dr Cecelia Bester from the Agricultural Research Council for the C. subternata plant material used in this research.
{"title":"Rooting potential of the ‘vleitee’ honeybush ( <i>Cyclopia subternata</i> ) as affected by growth season and the manipulation of stock plant characteristics","authors":"Pippa A Karsen, Elmi Lötze, Alexander J Valentine, Eleanor W Hoffman","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2248056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2248056","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractTo ensure a high-quality, sustainable supply of South African indigenous honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) tea to domestic and international markets, a shift from wild harvesting practices to true-to-type clonal material is required. This study investigated the impact of stock plant rejuvenation period and seasonality, and the harvesting position of cutting material on stock plants, on the rooting success of four genotypes of Cyclopia subternata Vogel, the most widely cultivated honeybush species. Cutting rooting success varied between 65–94% in summer and 49–91% in autumn, whilst winter-rooted cuttings showed poor rooting success (0–7%). Cutting dry weight was positively correlated with rooting percentage (r = 0.647; p ≤ 0.001). The rooting success of cuttings was strongly impacted by internal stock plant factors, such as clonal effects, cutting position and rejuvenation period. The use of terminal, semi-hardwood cuttings collected in autumn, following 15 months of regrowth, is recommended to achieve acceptable-to-high rooting success. This study confirms that the clonal propagation of C. subternata via cuttings could be a viable option for the sustainable production of high-quality honeybush tea, provided the selection criteria of the stock plant material used as the cutting source is carefully considered.Keywords: cuttingclonesselectionphenologyrejuvenation AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful for the funding provided by the Western Cape Department of Agriculture. Thank you to Dr Cecelia Bester from the Agricultural Research Council for the C. subternata plant material used in this research.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2240736
Abraham S Steyn, Tshedza Matladi
AbstractSouth Africa is subject to large rainfall variability, with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) being the most important driver across the summer rainfall region. The aim of this study was to relate ENSO phase to historical rainfall variability over the densely populated and economically important Gauteng province of South Africa. Monthly rainfall totals for the period 1960–2021 were used to calculate Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) values at different timescales for five stations. The Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) was used to classify seasons according to ENSO phase. For each station, the number of wet, near-normal or dry seasons falling in a particular ENSO phase was tallied and used to calculate probabilities of occurrence. Results revealed spatial inhomogeneities despite the study area being relatively small. Analysis of 3- and 6-month periods revealed that dry conditions occur more frequently during spring and autumn El Niño events, but are very unlikely during summer and autumn La Niña events. Analysis of 12-month periods revealed that near-normal conditions occur most frequently regardless of ENSO phase, with an increased chance of experiencing wet as opposed to dry conditions under La Niña. This information can aid various decision-makers to make better use of seasonal climate predictions.Keywords: Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)probabilityStandardised Precipitation Index (SPI) AcknowledgementsClimate data supplied by the South African Weather Service (SAWS). The authors wish to extend their thanks to the Statistical Consultation Unit at the University of the Free State for their input.Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
{"title":"Assessing the influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phase on rainfall variability in the Gauteng province of South Africa","authors":"Abraham S Steyn, Tshedza Matladi","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2240736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2240736","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSouth Africa is subject to large rainfall variability, with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) being the most important driver across the summer rainfall region. The aim of this study was to relate ENSO phase to historical rainfall variability over the densely populated and economically important Gauteng province of South Africa. Monthly rainfall totals for the period 1960–2021 were used to calculate Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) values at different timescales for five stations. The Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) was used to classify seasons according to ENSO phase. For each station, the number of wet, near-normal or dry seasons falling in a particular ENSO phase was tallied and used to calculate probabilities of occurrence. Results revealed spatial inhomogeneities despite the study area being relatively small. Analysis of 3- and 6-month periods revealed that dry conditions occur more frequently during spring and autumn El Niño events, but are very unlikely during summer and autumn La Niña events. Analysis of 12-month periods revealed that near-normal conditions occur most frequently regardless of ENSO phase, with an increased chance of experiencing wet as opposed to dry conditions under La Niña. This information can aid various decision-makers to make better use of seasonal climate predictions.Keywords: Oceanic Niño Index (ONI)probabilityStandardised Precipitation Index (SPI) AcknowledgementsClimate data supplied by the South African Weather Service (SAWS). The authors wish to extend their thanks to the Statistical Consultation Unit at the University of the Free State for their input.Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2212191
V. White, P. Raath, A. Hardie, V. van der Berg, GF Sutton
Soil titratable acidity (TA) is determined through extraction with an acetate-buffered salt solution (potassium sulphate, K2SO4) and is routinely used to predict the soil lime requirement using the Eksteen method. Soil TA is not always reported by commercial soil testing laboratories, but rather exchangeable acidity (1M KCl) is determined. Therefore, a need exists to use other routinely determined soil properties in a model to derive TA. In this study, routine soil-analysis results from a commercial laboratory (n = 5 915 measurements) were used to generate various model structures to calculate a theoretical value of TA and to evaluate the accuracy thereof. Measured TA was found to be significantly correlated to the calculated TA using the Eksteen R-value, soil pH, organic carbon percentage, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+, and a function of the interaction between pH and organic carbon. Soil TA could be calculated most accurately using these factors in multivariate adaptive regression splines model (r 2 = 0.69, mean absolute error = 0.16) at TA values of < 2 cmolc kg−1. However, the exponential model calculations remained stable over a larger range of actual TA values up to 4 cmolc kg−1. Given the ease of use and interpretability, it is recommended that an exponential function model is used to calculate TA.
{"title":"Calculating soil titratable acidity from routine soil analyses of cultivated South African soils using various model structures","authors":"V. White, P. Raath, A. Hardie, V. van der Berg, GF Sutton","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2212191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2212191","url":null,"abstract":"Soil titratable acidity (TA) is determined through extraction with an acetate-buffered salt solution (potassium sulphate, K2SO4) and is routinely used to predict the soil lime requirement using the Eksteen method. Soil TA is not always reported by commercial soil testing laboratories, but rather exchangeable acidity (1M KCl) is determined. Therefore, a need exists to use other routinely determined soil properties in a model to derive TA. In this study, routine soil-analysis results from a commercial laboratory (n = 5 915 measurements) were used to generate various model structures to calculate a theoretical value of TA and to evaluate the accuracy thereof. Measured TA was found to be significantly correlated to the calculated TA using the Eksteen R-value, soil pH, organic carbon percentage, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+, and a function of the interaction between pH and organic carbon. Soil TA could be calculated most accurately using these factors in multivariate adaptive regression splines model (r 2 = 0.69, mean absolute error = 0.16) at TA values of < 2 cmolc kg−1. However, the exponential model calculations remained stable over a larger range of actual TA values up to 4 cmolc kg−1. Given the ease of use and interpretability, it is recommended that an exponential function model is used to calculate TA.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44712962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2212190
Firmin N Anago, E. C. Agbangba, Brice T. C. Oussou, G. Dagbénonbakin, L. G. Amadji
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) on the response of rice to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) application. Two sets of field experiments were carried out in Benin. A Box Behnken Design with eight replications per year with treatments of N, P, potassium (K), Mg, and Zn was used for the first experiment, while a randomised complete block design with five treatments varying in Mg and Zn was used for the second experiment. Co-application of major nutrients with Mg and/or Zn significantly increased rice yield and nutrient use efficiencies. Co-application of N and Mg increased grain yield, filled grain rate, and 1 000 grains weight by 53.5, 7.10, and 7.34%, respectively. Likewise, the co-application of N with Zn increased rice yield, panicles per plant, and spikelets per panicle by 35.69, 14.78, and 6.06%, respectively. When P was co-applied with Zn, grain yield, spikelets per panicle, and the 1 000 grains weight increased by 27.21, 5.71, and 6.20%, respectively. The co-application of K with Mg led to an increase of grain yield and filling of grain by 24.28, and 5.71%, respectively. This study revealed the positive effects of Mg and Zn on rice yield response to the application of N, P, and K.
{"title":"Magnesium and zinc fertilisation improves rice yield and yield component responses to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium","authors":"Firmin N Anago, E. C. Agbangba, Brice T. C. Oussou, G. Dagbénonbakin, L. G. Amadji","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2212190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2212190","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the effects of magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) on the response of rice to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) application. Two sets of field experiments were carried out in Benin. A Box Behnken Design with eight replications per year with treatments of N, P, potassium (K), Mg, and Zn was used for the first experiment, while a randomised complete block design with five treatments varying in Mg and Zn was used for the second experiment. Co-application of major nutrients with Mg and/or Zn significantly increased rice yield and nutrient use efficiencies. Co-application of N and Mg increased grain yield, filled grain rate, and 1 000 grains weight by 53.5, 7.10, and 7.34%, respectively. Likewise, the co-application of N with Zn increased rice yield, panicles per plant, and spikelets per panicle by 35.69, 14.78, and 6.06%, respectively. When P was co-applied with Zn, grain yield, spikelets per panicle, and the 1 000 grains weight increased by 27.21, 5.71, and 6.20%, respectively. The co-application of K with Mg led to an increase of grain yield and filling of grain by 24.28, and 5.71%, respectively. This study revealed the positive effects of Mg and Zn on rice yield response to the application of N, P, and K.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47464079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.1080/02571862.2023.2196448
D. Beukes, LD Wiese-Rozanov, M. Kidson
A rainfed rehabilitation trial on mechanically reconstructed soil, following strip coal mining, was laid out in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. It was used to evaluate seven rehabilitation treatments with four different depths of topsoil on coal spoil over three experimental seasons. A strip plot design was used to apply the treatments. The test crop was a grass mixture comprising of annual and perennial species. Trial measurements included soil physical, chemical and microbiological measurements, as well as growth and composition of the grass stand. Monthly rainfall was very variable with annual totals below the long-term values. Statistical significance was proved for most measurements. Relatively high soil bulk densities, stratified with depth, were measured, indicating undesirable soil compaction. Infiltration rates increased while soil strength decreased dramatically with increased topsoil thickness. A reciprocal interaction of profile water content and biomass yield was observed with water content decreasing as biomass yield increased. A large variation in soil chemical properties was observed as a function of the treatments. This study highlights the fact that the monitoring of soil and plant properties should be a prerequisite in any rehabilitation study. Similar trials on different soils and in different rainfall regions should be considered to expand our knowledge of the impacts of different soil treatments in a range of ecosystems.
{"title":"Comparison of rehabilitation treatments on mechanically reconstructed soils following strip coal mining activities: effects on soil properties","authors":"D. Beukes, LD Wiese-Rozanov, M. Kidson","doi":"10.1080/02571862.2023.2196448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2023.2196448","url":null,"abstract":"A rainfed rehabilitation trial on mechanically reconstructed soil, following strip coal mining, was laid out in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. It was used to evaluate seven rehabilitation treatments with four different depths of topsoil on coal spoil over three experimental seasons. A strip plot design was used to apply the treatments. The test crop was a grass mixture comprising of annual and perennial species. Trial measurements included soil physical, chemical and microbiological measurements, as well as growth and composition of the grass stand. Monthly rainfall was very variable with annual totals below the long-term values. Statistical significance was proved for most measurements. Relatively high soil bulk densities, stratified with depth, were measured, indicating undesirable soil compaction. Infiltration rates increased while soil strength decreased dramatically with increased topsoil thickness. A reciprocal interaction of profile water content and biomass yield was observed with water content decreasing as biomass yield increased. A large variation in soil chemical properties was observed as a function of the treatments. This study highlights the fact that the monitoring of soil and plant properties should be a prerequisite in any rehabilitation study. Similar trials on different soils and in different rainfall regions should be considered to expand our knowledge of the impacts of different soil treatments in a range of ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":21920,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Plant and Soil","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43928280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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