Carey Camille, W. Hoback, J. S. Armstrong, R. Hayashida, A. Zarrabi
Abstract. Aphids have rapid intrinsic rates of increase because clonal females can reproduce parthenogenetically. Studies to investigate host plant resistance often measure life history characteristics of an individual on the test cultivar. However, aphid lifespan, fecundity, and intrinsic rate of increase could be influenced by the presence and feeding effects of multiple individuals, potentially overestimating antibiosis when a single individual is monitored. We compared life history traits of a single sorghum aphid, Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald, 1904) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with life history parameters of groups of 10 females on susceptible sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). There were no significant differences between single and grouped aphids for longevity (F = 3.67, P = 0.08), number of offspring produced (F = 0.31, P = 0.59), time spent reproducing (F = 3.74, P = 0.08), or the number of offspring per day (F = 0.93, P = 0.35). Demographic parameters [fecundity rate (Dm) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm)] were also not different. Overall, our results indicated that single aphids are suitable to investigate plant resistance, including antibiosis. When assessment requires using groups of aphids, it can be difficult to identify individuals. We investigated using non-toxic permanent markers (black, blue, green, and red) to put colored markings on the thorax of individuals. Survival and reproduction of marked individuals were similar to those of checks, and marks were readable for at least 2 weeks, demonstrating that permanent markers can be used when an experiment requires distinguishing among individuals or cohorts that are mixed. Resumen. Los áfidos tienen una gran capacidad intrínseca de crecimiento debido a que las hembras se pueden reproducir por partenogénesis. Los estudios que investigan la resistencia de plantas hospederas por lo general miden las características de la historia natural de un individuo en el cultivar evaluado. Sin embargo, la esperanza de vida, la fecundidad, y la capacidad intrínseca de crecimiento pueden estar influenciadas por la presencia y la alimentación de múltiples individuos, lo que potencialmente sobreestima la antibiosis cuando un solo individuo es monitoreado. Comparamos la historia de vida de un solo individuo del áfido del sorgo, Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald, 1904) con los parámetros de historia de vida de grupos de 10 hembras en sorgo susceptible. No hubo diferencias significativas en la longevidad del individuo o del grupo de áfidos (F = 3.67; P = 0.08), el número de crías producidas (F = 0.31; P = 0.59), el tiempo empleado en la reproducción (F = 3.74; P = 0.08), o el número de individuos por día (F = 0.93; P = 0.35). Los parámetros demográficos (tasa de fecundidad (Dm)) y la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento (rm) tampoco fueron diferentes. En términos generales, nuestros resultados indican que un solo áfido es adecuado para investigar la resistencia vegetal, incluyendo la antibiosis. Cuando las investi
摘要蚜虫具有快速的内在增长率，因为无性繁殖的雌性可以孤雌繁殖。研究寄主植物的抗性，经常测量试验品种个体的生活史特征。然而，蚜虫的寿命、繁殖力和内在增长率可能受到多个个体的存在和摄食效应的影响，当监测单个个体时，可能会高估抗生素的作用。对单株高粱蚜(Melanaphis sorghi, Theobald, 1904)(半翅目:蚜虫科)的生活史性状与敏感高粱(sorghum bicolor (L.))上10只雌蜂的生活史参数进行了比较。Moench)。蚜虫的寿命(F = 3.67, P = 0.08)、产卵数(F = 0.31, P = 0.59)、繁殖时间(F = 3.74, P = 0.08)和每天产卵数(F = 0.93, P = 0.35)均与成组蚜虫无显著差异。人口统计学参数[繁殖率(Dm)和内在增长率(rm)]也没有差异。总之，我们的结果表明，单个蚜虫适合研究植物的抗性，包括抗生素。当评估需要使用蚜虫群时，很难识别个体。我们使用无毒的永久性标记(黑色、蓝色、绿色和红色)在个体的胸部上放置彩色标记。标记个体的生存和繁殖与对照相似，标记至少可读2周，表明当实验需要区分混合的个体或群体时，可以使用永久性标记。Resumen。Los áfidos与一般能力的联系:intrínseca与生殖不良伙伴的联系:与生殖不良伙伴的联系:植物抗性调查研究中心(Los estudio que investigan la resistance de plantas hospederas)在植物抗性研究中心(general miden)的研究中心(características de la historia natural de ununindividual)，以及品种评估中心。1 .禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止、禁止。相对于单个个体的生存史研究áfido sorgo, Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald, 1904)研究了parámetros 10个个体的生存史研究和群体的生存史研究。个体与组间随访时间差异无统计学意义(F = 3.67;P = 0.08)， el número de crías producidas (F = 0.31;P = 0.59)， el time - empo - empledo - la reproducción (F = 3.74;P = 0.08)， P = 0.93;P = 0.35)。Los parámetros demográficos (tasa de fecundidad (Dm)) y la tasa intrínseca de recimiento (rm) tampoco fueron differenton。在一般情况下，对植物性耐药的调查，包括对抗生素的调查。广东的调查需要特定的群体，如áfidos、difícil等。调查el uso de marcadores permanentes no tóxicos(黑人，黑人，白人，黑人)para colocar gotas de color sobre los individuos。La sobrevivencia y reproducción de los individuos marcados与los control相似，通过las marcados对可识别的持久menos dos semanas, demostrando que los marcadores永久pustrando cuando unexperimentesenter así lo require, pudiendoseguesuteres个人或队列queestán mezcladas。
{"title":"Survival and Fecundity of Single and Grouped Clonal Sorghum Aphids and a Novel Aphid-Marking Technique","authors":"Carey Camille, W. Hoback, J. S. Armstrong, R. Hayashida, A. Zarrabi","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Aphids have rapid intrinsic rates of increase because clonal females can reproduce parthenogenetically. Studies to investigate host plant resistance often measure life history characteristics of an individual on the test cultivar. However, aphid lifespan, fecundity, and intrinsic rate of increase could be influenced by the presence and feeding effects of multiple individuals, potentially overestimating antibiosis when a single individual is monitored. We compared life history traits of a single sorghum aphid, Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald, 1904) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with life history parameters of groups of 10 females on susceptible sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). There were no significant differences between single and grouped aphids for longevity (F = 3.67, P = 0.08), number of offspring produced (F = 0.31, P = 0.59), time spent reproducing (F = 3.74, P = 0.08), or the number of offspring per day (F = 0.93, P = 0.35). Demographic parameters [fecundity rate (Dm) and intrinsic rate of increase (rm)] were also not different. Overall, our results indicated that single aphids are suitable to investigate plant resistance, including antibiosis. When assessment requires using groups of aphids, it can be difficult to identify individuals. We investigated using non-toxic permanent markers (black, blue, green, and red) to put colored markings on the thorax of individuals. Survival and reproduction of marked individuals were similar to those of checks, and marks were readable for at least 2 weeks, demonstrating that permanent markers can be used when an experiment requires distinguishing among individuals or cohorts that are mixed. Resumen. Los áfidos tienen una gran capacidad intrínseca de crecimiento debido a que las hembras se pueden reproducir por partenogénesis. Los estudios que investigan la resistencia de plantas hospederas por lo general miden las características de la historia natural de un individuo en el cultivar evaluado. Sin embargo, la esperanza de vida, la fecundidad, y la capacidad intrínseca de crecimiento pueden estar influenciadas por la presencia y la alimentación de múltiples individuos, lo que potencialmente sobreestima la antibiosis cuando un solo individuo es monitoreado. Comparamos la historia de vida de un solo individuo del áfido del sorgo, Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald, 1904) con los parámetros de historia de vida de grupos de 10 hembras en sorgo susceptible. No hubo diferencias significativas en la longevidad del individuo o del grupo de áfidos (F = 3.67; P = 0.08), el número de crías producidas (F = 0.31; P = 0.59), el tiempo empleado en la reproducción (F = 3.74; P = 0.08), o el número de individuos por día (F = 0.93; P = 0.35). Los parámetros demográficos (tasa de fecundidad (Dm)) y la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento (rm) tampoco fueron diferentes. En términos generales, nuestros resultados indican que un solo áfido es adecuado para investigar la resistencia vegetal, incluyendo la antibiosis. Cuando las investi","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"9 1","pages":"303 - 311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88466380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Rodríguez-del-Bosque, M. M. Silva-Serna, A. Correa-Díaz, A. D. Ortiz-Reyes, R. Pérez-Miranda, Y. V. M. Rodríguez-Moreno
Resumen. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el uso de imágenes captadas con dron para estimar los daños y pérdidas en el rendimiento del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) por el pulgón amarillo del sorgo, Melanaphis sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), en el norte de Tamaulipas, México durante 2017. Durante la etapa de floración, se tomaron imágenes a 40 m de altura, con un dron DJI Phantom 3. Las imágenes se procesaron mediante el método de clasificación de máxima verosimilitud en ArcMap™ 10.8 y se identificaron cinco categorías: follaje verde, espigas, follaje muerto, suelo desnudo y sombras. Los resultados indicaron que las imágenes aéreas captadas con dron representan una herramienta precisa (>95%) y rápida para determinar los daños y pérdidas en rendimiento del sorgo por M. sorghi. Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate images by a drone to estimate damage and yield losses in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) by Melanaphis sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in northern Tamaulipas, México, during 2017. During sorghum flowering, images were taken 40 m high by a DJI Phantom 3 drone. Images were processed by the maximum similarity method in ArcMap™ 10.8. Results indicated that drone images represent a precise (>95%) and rapid tool to determine damage and yield losses by M. sorghi in sorghum.
{"title":"Evaluación Del Daño Por el Pulgón Amarillo Del Sorgo Mediante Imágenes Aéreas Con Dron","authors":"L. A. Rodríguez-del-Bosque, M. M. Silva-Serna, A. Correa-Díaz, A. D. Ortiz-Reyes, R. Pérez-Miranda, Y. V. M. Rodríguez-Moreno","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0216","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el uso de imágenes captadas con dron para estimar los daños y pérdidas en el rendimiento del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) por el pulgón amarillo del sorgo, Melanaphis sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae), en el norte de Tamaulipas, México durante 2017. Durante la etapa de floración, se tomaron imágenes a 40 m de altura, con un dron DJI Phantom 3. Las imágenes se procesaron mediante el método de clasificación de máxima verosimilitud en ArcMap™ 10.8 y se identificaron cinco categorías: follaje verde, espigas, follaje muerto, suelo desnudo y sombras. Los resultados indicaron que las imágenes aéreas captadas con dron representan una herramienta precisa (>95%) y rápida para determinar los daños y pérdidas en rendimiento del sorgo por M. sorghi. Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate images by a drone to estimate damage and yield losses in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) by Melanaphis sorghi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in northern Tamaulipas, México, during 2017. During sorghum flowering, images were taken 40 m high by a DJI Phantom 3 drone. Images were processed by the maximum similarity method in ArcMap™ 10.8. Results indicated that drone images represent a precise (>95%) and rapid tool to determine damage and yield losses by M. sorghi in sorghum.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"12 1","pages":"413 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80765175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jesús Leonel Domínguez-Miranda, A. Robles-Bermúdez, Armando Equihua-Martínez, O. J. Cambero-Campos, M. Campos-Figueroa, Elsa M. Figueroa-Esquivel, S. Domínguez-Monge
Resumen. Xyleborinus gracilis es un escarabajo ambrosial ampliamente distribuido en el continente americano. En México está presente en seis estados del sur y noroeste. La biología e importancia de esta especie es poco conocida, pero se sabe que es vector de hongos exóticos fitopatógenos para las lauráceas. Se registra por primera vez en el estado de Nayarit incluyendo su fluctuación poblacional mediante la utilización de trampas cebadas durante el periodo noviembre-2017 a octubre-2018. Se recolectaron 39 hembras, el periodo más abundante de captura comprende los meses de noviembre a febrero, lo cual indica que tiene la afinidad de emerger en invierno. Abstract. Xyleborinus gracilis is an ambrosial beetle widely distributed in the Americas. In México it is present in six states of the south and northeast. This beetle carries exotic phytopathogenic fungus for the Lauraceae. Its occurrence was recorded for the first time in Nayarit using, baited traps during the period November-2017 to October-2018. We collected 39 females during the most abundant period of capture, November to February, indicating its affinity to emerge in the winter.
{"title":"Primer Registro de Xyleborinus gracilis (Eichhoff) y su Fluctuación en Huertas Aguacateras en Nayarit, México","authors":"Jesús Leonel Domínguez-Miranda, A. Robles-Bermúdez, Armando Equihua-Martínez, O. J. Cambero-Campos, M. Campos-Figueroa, Elsa M. Figueroa-Esquivel, S. Domínguez-Monge","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0127","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen. Xyleborinus gracilis es un escarabajo ambrosial ampliamente distribuido en el continente americano. En México está presente en seis estados del sur y noroeste. La biología e importancia de esta especie es poco conocida, pero se sabe que es vector de hongos exóticos fitopatógenos para las lauráceas. Se registra por primera vez en el estado de Nayarit incluyendo su fluctuación poblacional mediante la utilización de trampas cebadas durante el periodo noviembre-2017 a octubre-2018. Se recolectaron 39 hembras, el periodo más abundante de captura comprende los meses de noviembre a febrero, lo cual indica que tiene la afinidad de emerger en invierno. Abstract. Xyleborinus gracilis is an ambrosial beetle widely distributed in the Americas. In México it is present in six states of the south and northeast. This beetle carries exotic phytopathogenic fungus for the Lauraceae. Its occurrence was recorded for the first time in Nayarit using, baited traps during the period November-2017 to October-2018. We collected 39 females during the most abundant period of capture, November to February, indicating its affinity to emerge in the winter.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"2002 1","pages":"273 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88914007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Norberto Lucio-García, J. V. Horta-Vega, C. Venegas-Barrera, S. Clark, E. O. Martínez-Luque, Santiago Niño-Maldonado
Abstract. Seasonal variation and its effect on structure and composition of a Coleoptera community were studied, prompted by fragmentation of land cover in natural areas. Some groups of phytophagous beetles are most abundant during the rainy season, although this contrasts with a greater number of community attributes in the season with less precipitation. The hypothesis of our study was that most chrysomelid specimens and species would be observed at the end of the dry season and beginning of the rainy season, with subfamilies Galerucinae, Eumolpinae, and Cassidinae frequent between seasons. The objective was to analyze seasonal variation of Chrysomelidae in a fragment of temperate forest in northwestern Mexico. A sweep net was used in the understory to capture specimens in quadrants. Specimens captured were in six subfamilies, 24 genera, and 31 species, which varied between dry and rainy seasons. Estimated richness was less at the beginning of the rainy season, which was reflected by the greatest percentage of complementarity, although species were present throughout a season. The greatest dominance of Chrysomelidae was in the rainy season, and largest entropy values at the end of both seasons, while diversity of abundant and dominant species was notable at the end of the dry season. Correspondence analysis revealed three faunal associations, indicating the largest number of species was associated with the end of the dry season and beginning of the rainy season, showing precipitation and ambient temperature were most important variables. The community structure between seasons differed, showing that seasonality provided a wide food resource over time, which generated variation in relative abundance and therefore in composition of chrysomelid species. Results suggested temperature variation and water availability determined establishment of Chrysomelidae among months of the year.
{"title":"Seasonal Variation of the Community of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in a Temperate Forest at Tamaulipas, Mexico","authors":"José Norberto Lucio-García, J. V. Horta-Vega, C. Venegas-Barrera, S. Clark, E. O. Martínez-Luque, Santiago Niño-Maldonado","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Seasonal variation and its effect on structure and composition of a Coleoptera community were studied, prompted by fragmentation of land cover in natural areas. Some groups of phytophagous beetles are most abundant during the rainy season, although this contrasts with a greater number of community attributes in the season with less precipitation. The hypothesis of our study was that most chrysomelid specimens and species would be observed at the end of the dry season and beginning of the rainy season, with subfamilies Galerucinae, Eumolpinae, and Cassidinae frequent between seasons. The objective was to analyze seasonal variation of Chrysomelidae in a fragment of temperate forest in northwestern Mexico. A sweep net was used in the understory to capture specimens in quadrants. Specimens captured were in six subfamilies, 24 genera, and 31 species, which varied between dry and rainy seasons. Estimated richness was less at the beginning of the rainy season, which was reflected by the greatest percentage of complementarity, although species were present throughout a season. The greatest dominance of Chrysomelidae was in the rainy season, and largest entropy values at the end of both seasons, while diversity of abundant and dominant species was notable at the end of the dry season. Correspondence analysis revealed three faunal associations, indicating the largest number of species was associated with the end of the dry season and beginning of the rainy season, showing precipitation and ambient temperature were most important variables. The community structure between seasons differed, showing that seasonality provided a wide food resource over time, which generated variation in relative abundance and therefore in composition of chrysomelid species. Results suggested temperature variation and water availability determined establishment of Chrysomelidae among months of the year.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"41 1","pages":"129 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89035548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venecia Quesada-Béjar, Miguel Bernardo Nájera Rincón, E. Reyes‐Novelo, Raúl Omar Real-Santillán, Germán Wies, C. González-Esquivel
Abstract. The cuticle of insects that is periodically renewed through the process of ecdysis is a protective barrier against the external environment. It can confer resistance against entomopathogenic fungi, but few studies document how molting affects infection by entomopathogenic fungi. The research aimed to evaluate effects of molting on resistance by the Sphenarium purpurascens purpurascens Charpentier grasshopper, an important crop pest in México, to infection by entomopathogenic fungi. Two strains (6 MaEM and 9 MaEM) at four concentrations (1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia per milliliter) of Metarhizium anisopliae Metchn. were used. Molts decreased as concentration of entomopathogenic fungi increased. Infection by entomopathogenic fungi at greater concentrations was faster, resulting in less time to kill after exposure to inoculum. More insects molted and survived at lesser doses of inoculum. Application of M. anisopliae at 1-week intervals is recommended against grasshopper early and late nymphal instars.
{"title":"Molting Patterns and Mortality of Sphenarium purpurascens purpurascens (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae","authors":"Venecia Quesada-Béjar, Miguel Bernardo Nájera Rincón, E. Reyes‐Novelo, Raúl Omar Real-Santillán, Germán Wies, C. González-Esquivel","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The cuticle of insects that is periodically renewed through the process of ecdysis is a protective barrier against the external environment. It can confer resistance against entomopathogenic fungi, but few studies document how molting affects infection by entomopathogenic fungi. The research aimed to evaluate effects of molting on resistance by the Sphenarium purpurascens purpurascens Charpentier grasshopper, an important crop pest in México, to infection by entomopathogenic fungi. Two strains (6 MaEM and 9 MaEM) at four concentrations (1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 conidia per milliliter) of Metarhizium anisopliae Metchn. were used. Molts decreased as concentration of entomopathogenic fungi increased. Infection by entomopathogenic fungi at greater concentrations was faster, resulting in less time to kill after exposure to inoculum. More insects molted and survived at lesser doses of inoculum. Application of M. anisopliae at 1-week intervals is recommended against grasshopper early and late nymphal instars.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"9 1","pages":"161 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82278418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ávila-Rodríguez, Urbano Nava-Camberos, Alexander Czaja, José Luis Estrada-Rodríguez, María Cristina García-de la Peña, Ana Laura Hernández Arreola, Alfredo Daniel Rivera Zamarripa, David Aguillon, Jesús Lumar Reyes-Muñoz
Resumen. El maíz, Zea mays L., es de gran importancia económica, social y cultural en México. Su agroecosistema posee insectos fitófagos y entomófagos. Se estudió la diversidad de éstos en la Comarca Lagunera en 2020 y 2021. Se identificaron 38 especies de insectos entomófagos, tanto depredadores como parasitoides, siendo las más comunes Bariscapus sp., Orius leavigatus, Tetrastichus sp., Hippodamia convergens, Chrysoperla sp., y Collops vittatus. Se ha reportado que este complejo de insectos entomófagos juega un papel importante en el control biológico natural de los insectos plaga. Se encontraron 26 especies de insectos fitófagos, siendo las más comunes Chaetocnema ectypa, Diabrotica balteata, Rhopalosiphum maidis, y Dalbulus maidis. Este complejo de insectos fitófagos puede estar desempeñando un papel importante como factor limitante de la productividad del maíz o ser plagas potenciales. Con base en los valores de los índices de diversidad de Margalef, Simpson y Shannon-Wiener se encontró que la diversidad de insectos entomófagos fue más alta al principio del ciclo del cultivo; mientras que la diversidad de insectos fitófagos fue mayor de mediados a finales del mismo; de forma general se considera que la diversidad de la entomofauna en maíz fue intermedia. Abstract. Maize, Zea mays L., is of great economic, social, and cultural importance in Mexico. Its agroecosystem has phytophagous and entomophagous insects. Diversity in the Comarca Lagunera was studied in 2020 and 2021. Thirty-eight species of predators and parasitoids were found, with most common being Bariscapus sp., Orius leavigatus, Tetrastichus sp., Hippodamia convergens, Chrysoperla sp., and Collops vittatus. This complex of entomophagous insects is important for natural biological control of pest insects. Twenty-six species of phytophagous insects were also found, the most common being Chaetocnema ectypa, Diabrotica balteata, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and Dalbulus maidis. This complex of phytophagous insects may be important as a limiting factor of maize productivity or be potential pests. Based on values of the diversity indices of Margalef, Simpson and Shannon-Wiener, diversity of entomophagous insects was more at the beginning of the crop-growing season, while diversity of phytophagous insects was greater mid to late; diversity of entomofauna in maize was intermediate.
{"title":"Diversidad de Insectos en Maíz en la Comarca Lagunera, México","authors":"V. Ávila-Rodríguez, Urbano Nava-Camberos, Alexander Czaja, José Luis Estrada-Rodríguez, María Cristina García-de la Peña, Ana Laura Hernández Arreola, Alfredo Daniel Rivera Zamarripa, David Aguillon, Jesús Lumar Reyes-Muñoz","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0120","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen. El maíz, Zea mays L., es de gran importancia económica, social y cultural en México. Su agroecosistema posee insectos fitófagos y entomófagos. Se estudió la diversidad de éstos en la Comarca Lagunera en 2020 y 2021. Se identificaron 38 especies de insectos entomófagos, tanto depredadores como parasitoides, siendo las más comunes Bariscapus sp., Orius leavigatus, Tetrastichus sp., Hippodamia convergens, Chrysoperla sp., y Collops vittatus. Se ha reportado que este complejo de insectos entomófagos juega un papel importante en el control biológico natural de los insectos plaga. Se encontraron 26 especies de insectos fitófagos, siendo las más comunes Chaetocnema ectypa, Diabrotica balteata, Rhopalosiphum maidis, y Dalbulus maidis. Este complejo de insectos fitófagos puede estar desempeñando un papel importante como factor limitante de la productividad del maíz o ser plagas potenciales. Con base en los valores de los índices de diversidad de Margalef, Simpson y Shannon-Wiener se encontró que la diversidad de insectos entomófagos fue más alta al principio del ciclo del cultivo; mientras que la diversidad de insectos fitófagos fue mayor de mediados a finales del mismo; de forma general se considera que la diversidad de la entomofauna en maíz fue intermedia. Abstract. Maize, Zea mays L., is of great economic, social, and cultural importance in Mexico. Its agroecosystem has phytophagous and entomophagous insects. Diversity in the Comarca Lagunera was studied in 2020 and 2021. Thirty-eight species of predators and parasitoids were found, with most common being Bariscapus sp., Orius leavigatus, Tetrastichus sp., Hippodamia convergens, Chrysoperla sp., and Collops vittatus. This complex of entomophagous insects is important for natural biological control of pest insects. Twenty-six species of phytophagous insects were also found, the most common being Chaetocnema ectypa, Diabrotica balteata, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and Dalbulus maidis. This complex of phytophagous insects may be important as a limiting factor of maize productivity or be potential pests. Based on values of the diversity indices of Margalef, Simpson and Shannon-Wiener, diversity of entomophagous insects was more at the beginning of the crop-growing season, while diversity of phytophagous insects was greater mid to late; diversity of entomofauna in maize was intermediate.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"193 1","pages":"203 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76955717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucrecia Augier, H. C. Arredondo-Bernal, D. Pérez, D. Martínez, Marcelo J. Lizondo, Marco A. Mellín-Rosas, María L. del P. Pérez, Gerardo Gastaminza
Resumen. La eficia de control de ninfas del tercer al quinto estadio de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama se evaluó con cepas de Metarhizium anisopliae (63%), Beauveria bassiana (63%), e Isaria javanica (94%) bajo condiciones de laboratorio. En huertas comerciales de naranja se obtuvo eficacia de control de 82% con B. bassiana y 83% con I. javanica, lo que las constituye en cepas candidatas para el control biológico de D. citri en huertas con manejo convencional, orgánico y áreas urbanas de Argentina. Abstract. Control of third- to fifth-instar nymphs of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama was evaluated with strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (63%), Beauveria bassiana (63%), and Isaria javanica (94%) under laboratory conditions. In commercial orange orchards, 82% control was obtained with B. bassiana and 83% with I. javanica, which makes them candidate strains for biological control of D. citri in orchards with conventional and organic management and in urban areas in Argentina.
{"title":"Respuesta de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama a Cepas de Hongos Entomopatógenos en Argentina","authors":"Lucrecia Augier, H. C. Arredondo-Bernal, D. Pérez, D. Martínez, Marcelo J. Lizondo, Marco A. Mellín-Rosas, María L. del P. Pérez, Gerardo Gastaminza","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0117","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen. La eficia de control de ninfas del tercer al quinto estadio de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama se evaluó con cepas de Metarhizium anisopliae (63%), Beauveria bassiana (63%), e Isaria javanica (94%) bajo condiciones de laboratorio. En huertas comerciales de naranja se obtuvo eficacia de control de 82% con B. bassiana y 83% con I. javanica, lo que las constituye en cepas candidatas para el control biológico de D. citri en huertas con manejo convencional, orgánico y áreas urbanas de Argentina. Abstract. Control of third- to fifth-instar nymphs of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama was evaluated with strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (63%), Beauveria bassiana (63%), and Isaria javanica (94%) under laboratory conditions. In commercial orange orchards, 82% control was obtained with B. bassiana and 83% with I. javanica, which makes them candidate strains for biological control of D. citri in orchards with conventional and organic management and in urban areas in Argentina.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"88 1","pages":"179 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81362664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Héctor Miguel Guzmán-Vásquez, C. Granados-Echegoyen, Nancy Alonso-Hernández, M. D. J. García-Ramírez, Annery Serrano-Rodríguez, Fidel Diego-Nava, B. H. Zárate-Nicolás
Abstract. Six species of phytophagous scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae “Pleurosticti”) were first recorded from Campeche state, Mexico. The specimens were collected between August and November 2019 and belong to the following species: Euphoria yucateca (Bates, 1889) and Cotinis mutabilis (Gory and Percheron, 1833) (both Cetoniinae) and Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775), Phileurus valgus (Olivier, 1789), Tomarus cuniculus (Fabricius, 1801), and Xyloryctes teuthras Bates, 1888 (all Dynastinae). The agricultural and ecological importance of each species is discussed, and its national distribution is given. The checklist of the Scarabaeidae “Pleurosticti” from Campeche was updated, consisting of 52 species, 24 genera, and five subfamilies. Resumen. Se registran por primera vez seis especies de escarabajos fitófagos (Scarabaeidae ″Pleurosticti″) del estado de Campeche, México. Los ejemplares fueron recolectados entre agosto y noviembre de 2019, y pertenecen a las siguientes especies: Euphoria yucateca (Bates, 1889) y Cotinis mutabilis (Gory and Percheron, 1833) (ambas Cetoniinae), Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775), Phileurus valgus (Olivier, 1789), Tomarus cuniculus (Fabricius, 1801), y Xyloryctes teuthras Bates, 1888 (todas Dynastinae). Se discute la importancia agrícola y ecológica de cada especie y se indica su distribución nacional. Se actualiza la lista de comprobación de los Scarabaeidae ″Pleurosticti″ de Campeche, que consta de 52 especies, 24 géneros, y cinco subfamilias.
{"title":"New Records of Scarab Beetles from the State of Campeche, Mexico, with Comments on their Agricultural and Ecological Importance","authors":"Héctor Miguel Guzmán-Vásquez, C. Granados-Echegoyen, Nancy Alonso-Hernández, M. D. J. García-Ramírez, Annery Serrano-Rodríguez, Fidel Diego-Nava, B. H. Zárate-Nicolás","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Six species of phytophagous scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae “Pleurosticti”) were first recorded from Campeche state, Mexico. The specimens were collected between August and November 2019 and belong to the following species: Euphoria yucateca (Bates, 1889) and Cotinis mutabilis (Gory and Percheron, 1833) (both Cetoniinae) and Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775), Phileurus valgus (Olivier, 1789), Tomarus cuniculus (Fabricius, 1801), and Xyloryctes teuthras Bates, 1888 (all Dynastinae). The agricultural and ecological importance of each species is discussed, and its national distribution is given. The checklist of the Scarabaeidae “Pleurosticti” from Campeche was updated, consisting of 52 species, 24 genera, and five subfamilies. Resumen. Se registran por primera vez seis especies de escarabajos fitófagos (Scarabaeidae ″Pleurosticti″) del estado de Campeche, México. Los ejemplares fueron recolectados entre agosto y noviembre de 2019, y pertenecen a las siguientes especies: Euphoria yucateca (Bates, 1889) y Cotinis mutabilis (Gory and Percheron, 1833) (ambas Cetoniinae), Cyclocephala melanocephala (Fabricius, 1775), Phileurus valgus (Olivier, 1789), Tomarus cuniculus (Fabricius, 1801), y Xyloryctes teuthras Bates, 1888 (todas Dynastinae). Se discute la importancia agrícola y ecológica de cada especie y se indica su distribución nacional. Se actualiza la lista de comprobación de los Scarabaeidae ″Pleurosticti″ de Campeche, que consta de 52 especies, 24 géneros, y cinco subfamilias.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"39 1","pages":"113 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80796819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julio César García-Rojas, A. Robles-Bermúdez, Rocío Vega-Frutis, O. J. Cambero-Campos, Gabriela Peña-Sandoval
Resumen. En Nayarit, México, desde el 2003 se ha aplicado malatión dentro de las acciones del manejo integrado de plagas para controlar a las moscas de la fruta del género Anastrepha, lo que hace necesario conocer el estado de susceptibilidad intrínseca de estos insectos al insecticida. Se probó la susceptibilidad de hembras, machos, y la combinatoria 50:50 hembras/machos de Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) sin presión de selección por cuatro años. La menor susceptibilidad fue a 1,000 y 10,000 mg de malatión por litro, siendo más susceptibles las hembras que los machos, y la combinatoria de hembras/machos 50:50. Los datos obtenidos pueden funcionar como comparativo en ensayos de susceptibilidad de especímenes a los que actualmente se les ha manejado con concentraciones aproximadas de malatión de 8,300 ppm en el campo. Abstract. At Nayarit, Mexico, since 2003 malathion has been applied in integrated pest management to control Anastrepha flies. It is necessary to know the susceptibility of these pests to the insecticide. We tested Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) females, males, and 50:50 female/males that had selection pressure from this insecticide. The lower susceptibility was 1,000 and 10,000 mg of malathion per liter. The females were more susceptible than males or the 50:50 combination. These data are comparative for susceptibility tests of field specimens sprayed with 8,300 ppm of malathion.
{"title":"Caracterización de la Susceptibilidad al Malatión en la Mosca de las Indias Occidentales","authors":"Julio César García-Rojas, A. Robles-Bermúdez, Rocío Vega-Frutis, O. J. Cambero-Campos, Gabriela Peña-Sandoval","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0125","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen. En Nayarit, México, desde el 2003 se ha aplicado malatión dentro de las acciones del manejo integrado de plagas para controlar a las moscas de la fruta del género Anastrepha, lo que hace necesario conocer el estado de susceptibilidad intrínseca de estos insectos al insecticida. Se probó la susceptibilidad de hembras, machos, y la combinatoria 50:50 hembras/machos de Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) sin presión de selección por cuatro años. La menor susceptibilidad fue a 1,000 y 10,000 mg de malatión por litro, siendo más susceptibles las hembras que los machos, y la combinatoria de hembras/machos 50:50. Los datos obtenidos pueden funcionar como comparativo en ensayos de susceptibilidad de especímenes a los que actualmente se les ha manejado con concentraciones aproximadas de malatión de 8,300 ppm en el campo. Abstract. At Nayarit, Mexico, since 2003 malathion has been applied in integrated pest management to control Anastrepha flies. It is necessary to know the susceptibility of these pests to the insecticide. We tested Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) females, males, and 50:50 female/males that had selection pressure from this insecticide. The lower susceptibility was 1,000 and 10,000 mg of malathion per liter. The females were more susceptible than males or the 50:50 combination. These data are comparative for susceptibility tests of field specimens sprayed with 8,300 ppm of malathion.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"23 1","pages":"257 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84312438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Progeny from 17 spring barley, Hordeum vulgare L., lines identified with potential resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), from previous evaluation in a greenhouse were evaluated as seedlings in a greenhouse in 2014. Flats were rated on a scale of 1 to 4 when susceptible check Morex was dead. Even though some lines had many seedlings that survived, none were true breeding. Survivors from three sources, CI 1969, CI 1128, and STARS 9301B, and their non-infested checks were grown in the greenhouse in a randomized complete-block design with nine replications. Grain yield and yield components were measured to determine the accuracy of evaluation to identify meaningful resistance in terms of grain yield. Although all three lines had significantly less seedling height and leaf number compared to non-infested checks at the time of rating, their grain yield at maturity was not significantly different than that of their respective checks. CI 1969 responded to infestation with a 9% increase in spikelets per spike while CI 1128 suffered a 15% loss in 100-kernel weight. Resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid, identified by evaluation of seedlings in a greenhouse, protected against loss of grain yield. The three lines can be used in breeding programs for resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid.
摘要2014年，对17个对鸟型樱桃-燕麦蚜虫(半翅目:蚜虫科)具有潜在抗性的春大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)进行了温室评价，并对其后代进行了温室育苗评价。当莫雷克斯死亡时，公寓被评为1到4级。尽管一些品系有很多幼苗存活下来，但没有一个是真正的育种。来自CI 1969, CI 1128和STARS 9301B三个来源的幸存者及其未感染的对照在温室中以随机完全区设计生长，有9个重复。通过测定籽粒产量和产量成分来确定评价的准确性，以确定在籽粒产量方面有意义的抗性。虽然在定级时，3个品系的苗高和叶数均显著低于未侵染对照，但其成熟期的籽粒产量与各自对照差异不显著。CI 1969对侵染的反应是每穗穗穗数增加9%，而CI 1128的百粒重减少15%。在温室中对幼苗进行鉴定，鉴定出对鸟型樱桃燕麦蚜虫的抗性，防止粮食减产。这三个品系可用于抗鸟樱桃燕麦蚜虫的育种计划。
{"title":"Resistance to Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), in Spring Barley, Hordeum vulgare L.","authors":"D. Mornhinweg, J. S. Armstrong","doi":"10.3958/059.048.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3958/059.048.0107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Progeny from 17 spring barley, Hordeum vulgare L., lines identified with potential resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), from previous evaluation in a greenhouse were evaluated as seedlings in a greenhouse in 2014. Flats were rated on a scale of 1 to 4 when susceptible check Morex was dead. Even though some lines had many seedlings that survived, none were true breeding. Survivors from three sources, CI 1969, CI 1128, and STARS 9301B, and their non-infested checks were grown in the greenhouse in a randomized complete-block design with nine replications. Grain yield and yield components were measured to determine the accuracy of evaluation to identify meaningful resistance in terms of grain yield. Although all three lines had significantly less seedling height and leaf number compared to non-infested checks at the time of rating, their grain yield at maturity was not significantly different than that of their respective checks. CI 1969 responded to infestation with a 9% increase in spikelets per spike while CI 1128 suffered a 15% loss in 100-kernel weight. Resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid, identified by evaluation of seedlings in a greenhouse, protected against loss of grain yield. The three lines can be used in breeding programs for resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid.","PeriodicalId":21930,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Entomologist","volume":"37 1","pages":"75 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90375064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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