Structural Safety最新文献_第6页

Seismic risk and failure modes assessment of steel BRB frames under earthquake sequences 地震序列下BRB钢框架的地震风险及破坏模式评估

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Structural Safety

Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102598

Fernando Gutiérrez-Urzúa , Fabio Freddi , Enrico Tubaldi

Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs) are characterized by steady and nearly symmetric hysteretic loops, providing large energy dissipation capacity under strong earthquakes. These devices are designed to sustain a specified maximum ductility demand and, if not properly designed, may fail due to excessive inelastic deformations. Moreover, their low post-yielding stiffness may lead the structure to large residual inter-story drifts at the end of the earthquake motion, and the cumulative ductility demand due to repeated plastic excursions may lead to low-cycle fatigue failure of the device core. The risk of reaching either of these failure modes is exacerbated when considering multiple earthquakes. Although BRBs are designed to function as a fuse element, there is a lack of consensus on the criteria for replacement, particularly when large residual deformations are not observed. Recent studies have suggested that BRBs can withstand several loading cycles before developing low-cycle fatigue rupture; thus, the decision to replace a BRB after a single ground motion may be overly conservative. The present study investigates the likelihood of BRBs reaching these failure modes within a stochastic framework that considers the probability of occurrence of multiple earthquakes during the structure’s lifetime. For this purpose, two steel Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) retrofitted with BRBs are numerically modeled in OpenSees and subjected to the cumulative demand from hazard-consistent multiple earthquake sequences. The demand values are compared with multiple capacity models for low-cycle fatigue in the BRB core, as well as conventional limits for residual drifts and other failure modes. The outcomes of this study suggest that the risk of developing low-cycle fatigue in BRBs is negligible, even when multiple ground motions are considered, while other failure modes are significantly more likely to occur, particularly when the structures are subjected to pulse-like ground motions.

屈曲约束支撑结构具有稳定且近似对称的滞回环，在强震作用下具有较大的耗能能力。这些装置的设计是为了维持规定的最大延性需求，如果设计不当，可能会因过度的非弹性变形而失效。此外，它们的低屈服后刚度可能导致结构在地震运动结束时产生较大的残余层间漂移，并且由于反复塑性位移引起的累积延性需求可能导致装置核心的低周疲劳破坏。当考虑多次地震时，达到这些破坏模式中的任何一种的风险都加剧了。虽然brb被设计为保险丝元件，但在更换标准上缺乏共识，特别是在未观察到大残余变形的情况下。最近的研究表明，brb在发生低周疲劳断裂之前可以承受多次加载循环；因此，在一次地面运动后更换BRB的决定可能过于保守。本研究考察了brb在随机框架内达到这些破坏模式的可能性，该框架考虑了结构生命周期内发生多次地震的概率。为此，在OpenSees中对两个经brb改造的钢抗矩框架（mrf）进行了数值模拟，并对危险一致的多重地震序列的累积需求进行了研究。将需求值与BRB岩心低周疲劳的多种容量模型以及传统的残余漂移和其他失效模式的极限进行了比较。本研究的结果表明，即使考虑到多次地震动，brb中发生低周疲劳的风险也可以忽略不计，而其他失效模式更有可能发生，特别是当结构受到脉冲式地震动时。

{"title":"Seismic risk and failure modes assessment of steel BRB frames under earthquake sequences","authors":"Fernando Gutiérrez-Urzúa , Fabio Freddi , Enrico Tubaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buckling-Restrained Braces (BRBs) are characterized by steady and nearly symmetric hysteretic loops, providing large energy dissipation capacity under strong earthquakes. These devices are designed to sustain a specified maximum ductility demand and, if not properly designed, may fail due to excessive inelastic deformations. Moreover, their low post-yielding stiffness may lead the structure to large residual inter-story drifts at the end of the earthquake motion, and the cumulative ductility demand due to repeated plastic excursions may lead to low-cycle fatigue failure of the device core. The risk of reaching either of these failure modes is exacerbated when considering multiple earthquakes. Although BRBs are designed to function as a fuse element, there is a lack of consensus on the criteria for replacement, particularly when large residual deformations are not observed. Recent studies have suggested that BRBs can withstand several loading cycles before developing low-cycle fatigue rupture; thus, the decision to replace a BRB after a single ground motion may be overly conservative. The present study investigates the likelihood of BRBs reaching these failure modes within a stochastic framework that considers the probability of occurrence of multiple earthquakes during the structure’s lifetime. For this purpose, two steel Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) retrofitted with BRBs are numerically modeled in OpenSees and subjected to the cumulative demand from hazard-consistent multiple earthquake sequences. The demand values are compared with multiple capacity models for low-cycle fatigue in the BRB core, as well as conventional limits for residual drifts and other failure modes. The outcomes of this study suggest that the risk of developing low-cycle fatigue in BRBs is negligible, even when multiple ground motions are considered, while other failure modes are significantly more likely to occur, particularly when the structures are subjected to pulse-like ground motions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102598"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A phase-control-based method for the simulation of homogeneous random fields of fluctuating wind speed 基于相位控制的脉动风速均匀随机场模拟方法

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Structural Safety

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102593

Jia-Hang Lyu , Jian-Bing Chen , Pol D. Spanos , Jie Li

The simulation of stochastic processes, and of time-variant random fields finds extensive applications across various scientific and engineering domains. Despite the existence of a variety of methods, including the well-developed spectral representation method, it is still necessary to study the representation of the correlation structure of time-variant random fields. This paper proposes a phase control method for simulating correlated stochastic processes and spatiotemporal random fields. First, by introducing an auxiliary random phase angle and controlling its amplitude, the correlation of two stochastic processes can be precisely reproduced by introducing the auxiliary phase angle to the original process. Further, for time-variant random field simulation, the correlation structure of the random field is converted into that of the random phase angle field, thereby making it possible for the random field simulation either by phase shifting from a single process or using the spectral representation method in a decoupled manner. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by two numerical examples of fluctuating wind field simulation. This method provides an alternative perspective on the correlation structure of random fields and could be used for conditional simulation of random fields in future work.

随机过程和时变随机场的模拟在各种科学和工程领域中有着广泛的应用。尽管存在多种方法，包括发展完善的谱表示方法，但仍有必要研究时变随机场相关结构的表示。本文提出了一种相位控制方法来模拟相关随机过程和时空随机场。首先，通过引入辅助随机相角并控制其幅值，通过在原过程中引入辅助相角，可以精确再现两个随机过程的相关性。此外，对于时变随机场模拟，将随机场的相关结构转换为随机相角场的相关结构，从而可以通过从单个过程移相或使用解耦的谱表示方法进行随机场模拟。通过两个脉动风场数值模拟实例验证了该方法的有效性。该方法为研究随机场的相关结构提供了另一种视角，可用于未来工作中随机场的条件模拟。

{"title":"A phase-control-based method for the simulation of homogeneous random fields of fluctuating wind speed","authors":"Jia-Hang Lyu , Jian-Bing Chen , Pol D. Spanos , Jie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The simulation of stochastic processes, and of time-variant random fields finds extensive applications across various scientific and engineering domains. Despite the existence of a variety of methods, including the well-developed spectral representation method, it is still necessary to study the representation of the correlation structure of time-variant random fields. This paper proposes a phase control method for simulating correlated stochastic processes and spatiotemporal random fields. First, by introducing an auxiliary random phase angle and controlling its amplitude, the correlation of two stochastic processes can be precisely reproduced by introducing the auxiliary phase angle to the original process. Further, for time-variant random field simulation, the correlation structure of the random field is converted into that of the random phase angle field, thereby making it possible for the random field simulation either by phase shifting from a single process or using the spectral representation method in a decoupled manner. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by two numerical examples of fluctuating wind field simulation. This method provides an alternative perspective on the correlation structure of random fields and could be used for conditional simulation of random fields in future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102593"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reliability-based quantification of the benefits of machine learning predictive models in seismic structural design and performance assessment 基于可靠性的量化机器学习预测模型在地震结构设计和性能评估中的益处

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Structural Safety

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102596

Muneera A. Aladsani, Henry V. Burton

Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been used extensively in research within the field of structural engineering due to their high level of accuracy in predicting the behavior of different structural elements. In fact, the superior predictive performance relative to traditional statistical models is often suggested as the primary motivation for the adoption of ML models. However, the implications of such improvements in predictive accuracy in the design and performance of structural systems have not been studied. This paper presents a reliability-based investigation of the tangible benefits provided by ML models in terms of structural design and performance. To quantify these benefits, the increase in predictive accuracy is interpreted as a reduction in epistemic uncertainty. The specific focus is on a predictive model that estimates the drift capacity of reinforced concrete shear walls (RCSWs) with special boundary elements. The accuracy of an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model relative to a basic linear regression equation is quantified in terms of reduced epistemic uncertainty. Then, using 36 RCSW archetype buildings, a Monte Carlo-based procedure is implemented to evaluate the implication of the improved predictive accuracy to seismic design and performance. The study provides insights into how much improvement in accuracy (i.e., ML relative to traditional model) is needed to have a tangible effect on the seismic design and performance.

机器学习（ML）技术在预测不同结构元素的行为方面具有很高的准确性，因此在结构工程领域的研究中得到了广泛应用。事实上，相对于传统统计模型的卓越预测性能往往被认为是采用 ML 模型的主要动机。然而，这种预测精度的提高对结构系统设计和性能的影响尚未得到研究。本文以可靠性为基础，探讨了 ML 模型在结构设计和性能方面带来的切实好处。为了量化这些优势，预测精度的提高被解释为认识不确定性的降低。具体重点是一个预测模型，该模型利用特殊边界元素估算钢筋混凝土剪力墙（RCSW）的漂移能力。相对于基本的线性回归方程，极端梯度提升（XGBoost）模型的准确性被量化为认识不确定性的降低。然后，使用 36 个 RCSW 原型建筑，实施基于 Monte Carlo 的程序，评估提高的预测精度对抗震设计和性能的影响。这项研究深入探讨了需要提高多少精度（即相对于传统模型的 ML）才能对抗震设计和性能产生切实影响。

{"title":"Reliability-based quantification of the benefits of machine learning predictive models in seismic structural design and performance assessment","authors":"Muneera A. Aladsani, Henry V. Burton","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been used extensively in research within the field of structural engineering due to their high level of accuracy in predicting the behavior of different structural elements. In fact, the superior predictive performance relative to traditional statistical models is often suggested as the primary motivation for the adoption of ML models. However, the implications of such improvements in predictive accuracy in the design and performance of structural systems have not been studied. This paper presents a reliability-based investigation of the tangible benefits provided by ML models in terms of structural design and performance. To quantify these benefits, the increase in predictive accuracy is interpreted as a reduction in epistemic uncertainty. The specific focus is on a predictive model that estimates the drift capacity of reinforced concrete shear walls (RCSWs) with special boundary elements. The accuracy of an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model relative to a basic linear regression equation is quantified in terms of reduced epistemic uncertainty. Then, using 36 RCSW archetype buildings, a Monte Carlo-based procedure is implemented to evaluate the implication of the improved predictive accuracy to seismic design and performance. The study provides insights into how much improvement in accuracy (i.e., ML relative to traditional model) is needed to have a tangible effect on the seismic design and performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102596"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A refined TMCMC algorithm for adaptive model updating for the probabilistic analysis of complex engineering structures 一种用于复杂工程结构概率分析自适应模型更新的改进TMCMC算法

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Structural Safety

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102582

Yu-Xiao Wu , De-Cheng Feng , Shi-Zhi Chen

Modelling complex engineering structures involves numerous parameters that are difficult to determine. Many uncertainties in the model parameters cannot be resolved through standards and experiments alone, necessitating model updating methods. The Bayesian model updating method is one of the most popular approaches for this purpose; and it has led to the development of numerous improved algorithms. However, the traditional Bayesian model updating algorithms are time-consuming and may not always yield the most likely posterior distributions of the model parameters in engineering applications. Therefore, this paper introduces a refined transitional Markov chain Monte Carlo (rTMCMC) algorithm based on the TMCMC algorithm and improved TMCMC (iTMCMC) algorithm. The rTMCMC algorithm is an adaptive Bayesian model updating method designed for engineering applications; it can adaptively find the most likely posterior distributions of model parameters without increasing the computation time. The efficiency of the rTMCMC algorithm is validated via a numerical example, which compares it with the TMCMC and iTMCMC algorithms. Finally, two examples at both the component and structural levels, updated by the rTMCMC algorithm, and compared with the iTMCMC algorithm, are presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of the rTMCMC algorithm in engineering applications.

复杂工程结构的建模涉及许多难以确定的参数。模型参数中的许多不确定性仅通过标准和实验是无法解决的，需要采用模型更新的方法。贝叶斯模型更新方法是最常用的方法之一；它还导致了许多改进算法的发展。然而，在工程应用中，传统的贝叶斯模型更新算法耗时长，且不一定能得到最可能的模型参数后验分布。因此，本文在TMCMC算法和改进的TMCMC （iTMCMC）算法的基础上，提出了一种改进的过渡马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗（rTMCMC）算法。rTMCMC算法是一种针对工程应用而设计的自适应贝叶斯模型更新方法；该方法可以在不增加计算时间的情况下自适应地找到模型参数最可能的后验分布。通过数值算例验证了rTMCMC算法的有效性，并将其与TMCMC和iTMCMC算法进行了比较。最后，给出了rTMCMC算法在构件和结构层面更新的两个实例，并与iTMCMC算法进行了比较，验证了rTMCMC算法在工程应用中的有效性。

{"title":"A refined TMCMC algorithm for adaptive model updating for the probabilistic analysis of complex engineering structures","authors":"Yu-Xiao Wu , De-Cheng Feng , Shi-Zhi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modelling complex engineering structures involves numerous parameters that are difficult to determine. Many uncertainties in the model parameters cannot be resolved through standards and experiments alone, necessitating model updating methods. The Bayesian model updating method is one of the most popular approaches for this purpose; and it has led to the development of numerous improved algorithms. However, the traditional Bayesian model updating algorithms are time-consuming and may not always yield the most likely posterior distributions of the model parameters in engineering applications. Therefore, this paper introduces a refined transitional Markov chain Monte Carlo (rTMCMC) algorithm based on the TMCMC algorithm and improved TMCMC (iTMCMC) algorithm. The rTMCMC algorithm is an adaptive Bayesian model updating method designed for engineering applications; it can adaptively find the most likely posterior distributions of model parameters without increasing the computation time. The efficiency of the rTMCMC algorithm is validated via a numerical example, which compares it with the TMCMC and iTMCMC algorithms. Finally, two examples at both the component and structural levels, updated by the rTMCMC algorithm, and compared with the iTMCMC algorithm, are presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of the rTMCMC algorithm in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102582"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical-informed random field technique for virtual modelling based building probabilistic vulnerability assessment 基于虚拟建模的建筑物概率易损性评估的物理通知随机场技术

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Structural Safety

Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102595

Zhiyi Shi , Yuan Feng , Mark G. Stewart , Wei Gao

Developing a probabilistic vulnerability assessment framework for bushfire-prone buildings is a critical measure to reduce bushfire-induced risks to life safety and economic losses to an acceptable level. A reliable assessment approach should include multiple probability-based macro indicators by considering their inherent uncertainties. These macro indicators can incorporate the efficiency of bushfire-damaged transportation network at specified moments, the geographical position of buildings, among others. A Physics-Informed Random Field-Virtual Modelling (PIRF-VM) framework for probabilistic vulnerability assessment of bushfire-prone buildings in large-scale bushfire incidents is proposed. The PIRF generates a random field-based, multi-physical information-fusion model for the simulation of bushfire spread in a large-scale approximate natural environment. The integrated physical information includes the spatially varying vegetation characteristics, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM)-based terrain, the terrain-shaped time-dependent wind field, the geographical coordinates of roads and buildings. To mitigate the computational burden posed by stochastic bushfire simulations in PIRF, the VM is introduced. It can establish an explicit functional relationship between input physical information and output responses of interest, such as the remaining time for bushfire reaching a specified location. As a result, for any new input physical information, the output responses can be directly predicted without time-consuming simulations. Benefiting from the efficient predictions of the PIRF-VM, several probability-based macro indicators are simultaneously considered when assessing the probabilistic vulnerability for bushfire-prone buildings in large-scale bushfire incidents. The Australian community of Cowan serves as an example to illustrate the practical application of the proposed scheme, demonstrating potential in constructing more bushfire-resilient communities in the face of bushfire hazards.

为容易发生森林火灾的建筑物制定概率脆弱性评估框架是将森林火灾对生命安全和经济损失造成的风险降低到可接受水平的关键措施。一个可靠的评估方法应该包括多个基于概率的宏观指标，考虑到它们固有的不确定性。这些宏观指标可以包括特定时刻森林大火破坏的交通网络的效率、建筑物的地理位置等。提出了一种基于物理信息的随机场虚拟建模（PIRF-VM）框架，用于大规模林火事件中易发建筑物的脆弱性概率评估。PIRF生成了一个基于随机场的多物理信息融合模型，用于模拟大规模近似自然环境下的森林火灾蔓延。综合物理信息包括空间变化的植被特征、基于数字高程模型（DEM）的地形、地形形时变风场、道路和建筑物地理坐标。为了减轻pif中随机森林火灾模拟带来的计算负担，引入了虚拟机。它可以在输入物理信息和输出感兴趣的响应之间建立显式的函数关系，例如森林大火到达指定位置的剩余时间。因此，对于任何新的输入物理信息，可以直接预测输出响应，而无需耗时的模拟。受益于PIRF-VM的高效预测，在评估大规模林火事件中易发建筑物的概率脆弱性时，同时考虑了几个基于概率的宏观指标。澳大利亚Cowan社区作为一个例子，说明了所提出方案的实际应用，展示了在面对森林火灾危害时建设更具森林火灾弹性的社区的潜力。

{"title":"Physical-informed random field technique for virtual modelling based building probabilistic vulnerability assessment","authors":"Zhiyi Shi , Yuan Feng , Mark G. Stewart , Wei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing a probabilistic vulnerability assessment framework for bushfire-prone buildings is a critical measure to reduce bushfire-induced risks to life safety and economic losses to an acceptable level. A reliable assessment approach should include multiple probability-based macro indicators by considering their inherent uncertainties. These macro indicators can incorporate the efficiency of bushfire-damaged transportation network at specified moments, the geographical position of buildings, among others. A Physics-Informed Random Field-Virtual Modelling (PIRF-VM) framework for probabilistic vulnerability assessment of bushfire-prone buildings in large-scale bushfire incidents is proposed. The PIRF generates a random field-based, multi-physical information-fusion model for the simulation of bushfire spread in a large-scale approximate natural environment. The integrated physical information includes the spatially varying vegetation characteristics, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM)-based terrain, the terrain-shaped time-dependent wind field, the geographical coordinates of roads and buildings. To mitigate the computational burden posed by stochastic bushfire simulations in PIRF, the VM is introduced. It can establish an explicit functional relationship between input physical information and output responses of interest, such as the remaining time for bushfire reaching a specified location. As a result, for any new input physical information, the output responses can be directly predicted without time-consuming simulations. Benefiting from the efficient predictions of the PIRF-VM, several probability-based macro indicators are simultaneously considered when assessing the probabilistic vulnerability for bushfire-prone buildings in large-scale bushfire incidents. The Australian community of Cowan serves as an example to illustrate the practical application of the proposed scheme, demonstrating potential in constructing more bushfire-resilient communities in the face of bushfire hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102595"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In Memoriam Alfredo Hua-Sing Ang July 4, 1930 – October 14, 2024 1930年7月4日- 2024年10月14日

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Structural Safety

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102594

Armen Der Kiureghian, Bruce R. Ellingwood

引用次数: 0

Stochastic nonlinear dynamic analysis and system reliability evaluation of RC structures involving spatial variation under stochastic ground motions 随机地震动作用下空间变化RC结构随机非线性动力分析及系统可靠性评价

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Structural Safety

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102581

Xin Chen , Jie Li

Dynamic analysis and system reliability evaluation are crucial in the design of seismic-resilient reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Uncertainties in earthquake ground motions (EGM) and the spatial variation of heterogeneous concrete must be thoroughly considered. However, implementing these analyses poses significant challenges due to the inherent complexity and high computational costs associated with stochastic nonlinear dynamic analysis and the quantification of concrete’s spatial variation through random field theory. To address these issues, we propose a novel methodology for the stochastic dynamic analysis and system reliability evaluation of RC structures involving spatial variation under stochastic ground motions. In the methodology, a two-scale random field model developed within the framework of stochastic damage mechanics is adopted to capture the coupling effects of the nonlinearity and the spatial variation of concrete. Additionally, a physical-based stochastic ground motion model is utilized to represent the randomness of EGM. Furthermore, the probability density evolution method is employed to derive probabilistic information (statistical moments, and probability density function (PDF), etc.) of dynamic responses, and the system reliability is evaluated by the physical synthesis method. A well-designed five-story RC frame structure is analyzed to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology and to investigate the influence of concrete’s spatial variation and randomness of EGM on structural responses. The results indicate that the proposed methodology can effectively obtain the probabilistic information of stochastic responses and system reliability, and the concrete’s spatial variation has a non-negligible impact on the structural responses and system reliability.

在抗震钢筋混凝土结构设计中，动力分析和系统可靠性评估是至关重要的。地震动的不确定性和非均质混凝土的空间变化必须充分考虑。然而，由于随机非线性动力分析和通过随机场理论量化混凝土空间变化的固有复杂性和高计算成本，实施这些分析带来了重大挑战。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一种新的方法，用于随机地震动下涉及空间变化的RC结构随机动力分析和系统可靠性评估。该方法采用随机损伤力学框架下建立的双尺度随机场模型来捕捉混凝土非线性与空间变化的耦合效应。此外，利用基于物理的随机地震动模型来表示EGM的随机性。在此基础上，采用概率密度演化法推导动力响应的概率信息（统计矩、概率密度函数等），并采用物理综合方法对系统可靠性进行评估。通过对一个精心设计的五层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行分析，证明了所提出方法的有效性，并研究了混凝土的空间变化和EGM的随机性对结构响应的影响。结果表明，该方法能有效地获取随机响应和系统可靠度的概率信息，混凝土的空间变异对结构响应和系统可靠度的影响不容忽视。

{"title":"Stochastic nonlinear dynamic analysis and system reliability evaluation of RC structures involving spatial variation under stochastic ground motions","authors":"Xin Chen , Jie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic analysis and system reliability evaluation are crucial in the design of seismic-resilient reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Uncertainties in earthquake ground motions (EGM) and the spatial variation of heterogeneous concrete must be thoroughly considered. However, implementing these analyses poses significant challenges due to the inherent complexity and high computational costs associated with stochastic nonlinear dynamic analysis and the quantification of concrete’s spatial variation through random field theory. To address these issues, we propose a novel methodology for the stochastic dynamic analysis and system reliability evaluation of RC structures involving spatial variation under stochastic ground motions. In the methodology, a two-scale random field model developed within the framework of stochastic damage mechanics is adopted to capture the coupling effects of the nonlinearity and the spatial variation of concrete. Additionally, a physical-based stochastic ground motion model is utilized to represent the randomness of EGM. Furthermore, the probability density evolution method is employed to derive probabilistic information (statistical moments, and probability density function (PDF), etc.) of dynamic responses, and the system reliability is evaluated by the physical synthesis method. A well-designed five-story RC frame structure is analyzed to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology and to investigate the influence of concrete’s spatial variation and randomness of EGM on structural responses. The results indicate that the proposed methodology can effectively obtain the probabilistic information of stochastic responses and system reliability, and the concrete’s spatial variation has a non-negligible impact on the structural responses and system reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102581"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A practical framework for determining target reliability indices for the assessment of existing structures based on risk-informed decision-making 基于风险知情决策的既有结构评估目标可靠度指标确定实用框架

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Structural Safety

Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102583

Jianxu Su , Junping Zhang , Colin C. Caprani , Junyong Zhou

Target reliability levels define structural safety requirements. Most current studies on target reliability indices (

β_{t}

) have focused on reliability-based design for new structures. However, existing structures face significant safety challenges due to ongoing aging and financial constraints that limit maintenance and reinforcement efforts. Therefore, determining appropriate

β_{t}

for the assessment of existing structures is crucial to balance the tradeoff between safety and economy. This study develops a practical, risk-informed framework to streamline the determination of

β_{t}

for the reliability assessment of existing structures. It involves six critical steps including context definition, structural system modeling, failure statistics analysis, risk criteria establishment, and

β_{t}

selection. The framework’s practical application is carefully demonstrated through a case study centered on the reliability assessment of existing medium- and small-span (MS) bridges in China. A database was compiled for failure statistics of MS bridges, documenting 241 bridge collapse incidents in China spanning from 1983 to 2024. The statistical analysis of lethality ratios and fatalities from these failure events is incorporated into individual risk criteria, group risk criteria, cost optimization, and the marginal lifesaving cost principle. Using these criteria, alongside a refined as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) principle, informed decisions are made on selecting

β_{t}

for reliability differentiation. Finally, three safety levels of

β_{t}

are recommended for the bridge system as well as individual components. The proposed methodology framework, as demonstrated in the case study on MS bridges in China, can be readily applicable to the determination of

β_{t}

for various other existing civil structures.

目标可靠性水平定义了结构安全要求。目前关于目标可靠度指标（βt）的研究大多集中在基于可靠度的新结构设计上。然而，由于持续老化和财政限制，现有结构面临着重大的安全挑战，限制了维护和加固工作。因此，确定适当的βt用于现有结构的评估是至关重要的，以平衡安全与经济之间的权衡。本研究开发了一个实用的、风险知情的框架，以简化现有结构可靠性评估βt的确定。它包括上下文定义、结构系统建模、失效统计分析、风险准则建立和βt选择六个关键步骤。通过以中国现有中小跨度桥梁可靠性评估为中心的案例研究，详细论证了该框架的实际应用。建立了MS桥梁失效统计数据库，记录了1983年至2024年中国发生的241起桥梁倒塌事件。这些失效事件的致死率和死亡人数的统计分析被纳入个人风险标准、群体风险标准、成本优化和边际救生成本原则。使用这些标准，再加上精炼的尽可能低的合理可行（ALARP）原则，在选择βt进行可靠性区分时做出明智的决定。最后，对桥梁体系和各个部件推荐了三个安全等级的βt。正如在中国MS桥梁案例研究中所展示的那样，所提出的方法框架可以很容易地适用于确定其他各种现有土木结构的βt。

{"title":"A practical framework for determining target reliability indices for the assessment of existing structures based on risk-informed decision-making","authors":"Jianxu Su , Junping Zhang , Colin C. Caprani , Junyong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Target reliability levels define structural safety requirements. Most current studies on target reliability indices (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) have focused on reliability-based design for new structures. However, existing structures face significant safety challenges due to ongoing aging and financial constraints that limit maintenance and reinforcement efforts. Therefore, determining appropriate <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> for the assessment of existing structures is crucial to balance the tradeoff between safety and economy. This study develops a practical, risk-informed framework to streamline the determination of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> for the reliability assessment of existing structures. It involves six critical steps including context definition, structural system modeling, failure statistics analysis, risk criteria establishment, and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> selection. The framework’s practical application is carefully demonstrated through a case study centered on the reliability assessment of existing medium- and small-span (MS) bridges in China. A database was compiled for failure statistics of MS bridges, documenting 241 bridge collapse incidents in China spanning from 1983 to 2024. The statistical analysis of lethality ratios and fatalities from these failure events is incorporated into individual risk criteria, group risk criteria, cost optimization, and the marginal lifesaving cost principle. Using these criteria, alongside a refined as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) principle, informed decisions are made on selecting <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> for reliability differentiation. Finally, three safety levels of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> are recommended for the bridge system as well as individual components. The proposed methodology framework, as demonstrated in the case study on MS bridges in China, can be readily applicable to the determination of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> for various other existing civil structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102583"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating risk perceptions in a value of information framework using cumulative prospect theory 运用累积前景理论在价值信息框架中整合风险感知

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Structural Safety

Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102573

Zaid Y Mir Rangrez , Jayadipta Ghosh , Colin Caprani , Siddhartha Ghosh

Value of information (VoI) analysis provides a framework that can be used to decide on an optimal monitoring strategy, to carry out an efficient maintenance of civil infrastructure. Existing VoI frameworks adopt utility functions to characterize the risk appetite of an asset manager based on expected utility theory (EUT). However, these utility functions cannot predict the decision choices under uncertainty resulting from failure risk perceptions. Cumulative prospect theory (CPT) is a comprehensive model for characterizing an asset manager’s risk appetite and perception. CPT captures both, the preference for different action outcomes using a value function and corresponding risk perceptions exhibited by an asset manager using a probability weight function. The present study proposes a CPT-based VoI framework which integrates risk perceptions and appetite within the VoI analysis. The proposed framework is implemented to investigate the sensitivity of the resulting expected VoI and the monitoring decisions to risk perception profiles. It is observed that the VoI is sensitive to the risk perception profile of an asset manager. An in-depth analysis of the decision patterns reveal that the risk profile affects the choice of prior optimal action that in turn dictates which type of posterior actions contribute positively or negatively towards the cost savings when referenced to the cost of prior optimal action. Based on these finding, the paper recommends to calibrate an asset manager’s risk perception profile to predict the decisions that an asset manager perceives as optimal for a given failure risk, and to evaluate the expected VoI resulting from such decisions.

信息价值（VoI）分析提供了一个框架，可用于决定最佳监测策略，以便对民用基础设施进行有效维护。现有的VoI框架基于期望效用理论（EUT），采用效用函数来表征资产管理人的风险偏好。然而，这些效用函数不能预测由于失效风险感知而导致的不确定性下的决策选择。累积前景理论（CPT）是描述资产管理者风险偏好和感知的综合模型。CPT捕获两者，即使用价值函数对不同行动结果的偏好，以及资产经理使用概率权重函数所表现出的相应风险感知。本研究提出了一个基于cpt的VoI框架，该框架将风险感知和偏好整合到VoI分析中。实施提议的框架是为了调查由此产生的预期VoI和监测决策对风险感知概况的敏感性。可以观察到，VoI对资产管理公司的风险感知特征非常敏感。对决策模式的深入分析表明，风险状况会影响先前最优行为的选择，进而决定哪种类型的后验行为对先前最优行为的成本节约有积极或消极的贡献。基于这些发现，本文建议校准资产管理人的风险感知概况，以预测资产管理人对给定失败风险的最佳决策，并评估此类决策产生的预期VoI。

{"title":"Integrating risk perceptions in a value of information framework using cumulative prospect theory","authors":"Zaid Y Mir Rangrez , Jayadipta Ghosh , Colin Caprani , Siddhartha Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Value of information (VoI) analysis provides a framework that can be used to decide on an optimal monitoring strategy, to carry out an efficient maintenance of civil infrastructure. Existing VoI frameworks adopt utility functions to characterize the risk appetite of an asset manager based on expected utility theory (EUT). However, these utility functions cannot predict the decision choices under uncertainty resulting from failure risk perceptions. Cumulative prospect theory (CPT) is a comprehensive model for characterizing an asset manager’s risk appetite and perception. CPT captures both, the preference for different action outcomes using a value function and corresponding risk perceptions exhibited by an asset manager using a probability weight function. The present study proposes a CPT-based VoI framework which integrates risk perceptions and appetite within the VoI analysis. The proposed framework is implemented to investigate the sensitivity of the resulting expected VoI and the monitoring decisions to risk perception profiles. It is observed that the VoI is sensitive to the risk perception profile of an asset manager. An in-depth analysis of the decision patterns reveal that the risk profile affects the choice of prior optimal action that in turn dictates which type of posterior actions contribute positively or negatively towards the cost savings when referenced to the cost of prior optimal action. Based on these finding, the paper recommends to calibrate an asset manager’s risk perception profile to predict the decisions that an asset manager perceives as optimal for a given failure risk, and to evaluate the expected VoI resulting from such decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21978,"journal":{"name":"Structural Safety","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102573"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In Memoriam of Ove Dalager Ditlevsen 纪念爱·达拉格·迪特莱夫森

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Structural Safety

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.strusafe.2025.102585

Armen Der Kiureghian

引用次数: 0