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Neighbourhood effects on tree survival in Huangshan secondary forest community. 邻域对黄山次生林群落树木生存的影响
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1111/plb.70161
L Xie, Y Ou, X Zheng, T Lv, H Ding, Y Fang

Understanding inter- and intraspecific interactions is central to community ecology. Using data from two censuses of a subtropical secondary forest in Huangshan, China, we analysed survival rate for over 54,000 saplings across 83 species. We quantified four neighbourhood density indices, conspecific (CI), heterospecific (HI), phylogenetic (PhyI), and functional (FunI), to test how neighbour density influences tree survival. In parallel, we calculated neighbourhood diversity along species, phylogenetic, and functional axes to test how neighbour diversity shapes species' survival probabilities spanning four different spatial scales. Generalized linear mixed models revealed that HI and FI significantly decreased survival, highlighting intense interspecific competition in early successional stages. In contrast, PhyI positively affected survival, suggesting habitat filtering among related species. Neighbourhood diversity exhibited scale-dependent effects. Finally, we identified species with high specific leaf area and phosphorus content grew faster but experienced higher mortality. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating phylogenetic and functional neighbourhood metrics to understand demographic processes and community assembly, particularly in recovering forest ecosystems.

了解种间和种内的相互作用是群落生态学的核心。利用对中国黄山亚热带次生林的两次普查数据,我们分析了83个物种的54,000多棵树苗的存活率。我们量化了四个邻域密度指数,即同域密度(CI)、异域密度(HI)、系统发育密度(PhyI)和功能密度(FunI),以测试邻域密度如何影响树木的存活。同时,我们沿着物种、系统发育和功能轴计算了邻居多样性,以测试邻居多样性如何影响物种在四个不同空间尺度上的生存概率。广义线性混合模型显示,HI和FI显著降低了成活率,突出了演替早期激烈的种间竞争。相比之下,PhyI对生存有积极影响,表明亲缘物种之间存在栖息地过滤。邻里多样性表现出尺度依赖效应。结果表明,比叶面积和磷含量较高的树种生长较快,但死亡率较高。这些发现强调了结合系统发育和功能邻里指标来了解人口过程和社区聚集的重要性,特别是在恢复森林生态系统方面。
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引用次数: 0
The secreted redox sensor roGFP2-Orp1 reveals oxidative dynamics in the plant apoplast. 分泌的氧化还原传感器roGFP2-Orp1揭示了植物外质体的氧化动力学。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/plb.70144
J Ingelfinger, L Zander, P L Seitz, O Trentmann, S Tiedemann, S Sprunck, T Dresselhaus, A J Meyer, S J Müller-Schüssele

Specific generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is important for signalling and defence in many organisms. In plants, different types of ROS serve useful biological functions in the extracellular space (apoplast), influencing polymer structures as well as signalling during immune responses. The current knowledge of apoplastic ROS dynamics is limited, as dynamic monitoring of extracellular redox processes in vivo remains difficult. We employed evolutionary distant land plant model species from bryophytes and flowering plants to test whether the genetically encoded redox biosensor roGFP2-Orp1 can be used to assess extracellular redox dynamics. Secreted roGFP2-Orp1 can provide information about local diffusion barriers and protein cysteinyl oxidation rate in the apoplast, after pre-reduction. Observed re-oxidation rates were slow - within the range of hours. Compared to Physcomitrium patens, re-oxidation in Arabidopsis thaliana was faster and increased after triggering an immune response. Comparing roGFP2-Orp1 signals in tip-growing P. patens protonema and Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes, we consistently find no intracellular redox gradient, but a partially reduced extracellular sensor in pollen tubes. Our data indicate differences in extracellular oxidative processes between species and within a species, depending on cell type and immune signalling.

活性氧(ROS)的特异性产生对许多生物的信号传导和防御至关重要。在植物中,不同类型的活性氧在细胞外空间(外质体)中发挥有用的生物学功能,影响聚合物结构以及免疫应答过程中的信号传导。由于体内细胞外氧化还原过程的动态监测仍然很困难,目前对外胞体ROS动力学的了解有限。我们采用进化距离较远的陆地植物模型物种,包括苔藓植物和开花植物,来测试基因编码的氧化还原生物传感器roGFP2-Orp1是否可以用于评估细胞外氧化还原动力学。分泌的roGFP2-Orp1可以提供预还原后外质体局部扩散屏障和蛋白半胱氨酸氧化速率的信息。观察到的再氧化速率是缓慢的——在小时范围内。与壶状芽胞菌相比,拟南芥在触发免疫反应后的再氧化速度更快,并且增加。通过比较尖端生长的烟草原丝体和烟草花粉管中的roGFP2-Orp1信号,我们一致发现花粉管中没有细胞内氧化还原梯度,但细胞外传感器部分减少。我们的数据表明物种之间和物种内部的细胞外氧化过程存在差异,这取决于细胞类型和免疫信号。
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引用次数: 0
Generalization for both diurnal and nocturnal pollination in the mass-flowering desert geophyte Nerine laticoma (Amaryllidaceae). 大量开花的沙漠地植物紫堇(Amaryllidaceae)的日间和夜间授粉的概化。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/plb.70153
G L Theron, C Barker, M Castañeda-Zárate, C Diller, S Geerts, S G T Klumpers, S D Johnson

The evolutionary limits to generalization in plant pollination systems are often determined by trade-offs in which adaptations to one set of flower visitors reduces the effectiveness of another set of visitors. A key question is whether flowers can be pollinated equally effectively during the day and the night, given that the attractants for diurnal visitors are expected to be very different to those for nocturnal visitors. To address this question, we investigated the pollination system of the mass-flowering desert geophyte Nerine laticoma (Amaryllidaceae) over 2 years. We measured floral traits, including colour, scent, dimensions, floral rewards, visitation and reproductive traits. Finally, we exposed a subset of flowers exclusively to either diurnal or nocturnal visitors to establish their relative contributions to reproduction. Nerine laticoma has relatively open flowers, with exposed nectar, attracting a wide diversity of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, nocturnal settling moths and hawkmoths. We established that N. laticoma is reliant on pollinators for seed production. Flowers exposed only during the day set a similar number of seeds to those exposed only during the night, indicating that the plant is effectively pollinated by both diurnal and nocturnal animals. The results highlight the importance of multiple pollinators and their contribution to reproductive success in desert environments with variable pollinator communities. The contribution of all possible pollinators in a system, including frequently overlooked nocturnal visitors, should thus be taken into account.

在植物传粉系统中,泛化的进化限制往往是由对一组访花者的适应降低了另一组访花者的有效性的权衡决定的。一个关键的问题是,考虑到白天来客的引诱剂与夜间来客的引诱剂有很大的不同,花是否能在白天和晚上同样有效地授粉。为了解决这一问题,我们对大花期沙漠地植物紫堇(maryllidaceae)的传粉系统进行了为期2年的研究。我们测量了花的性状,包括颜色,气味,尺寸,花的奖励,访问和生殖性状。最后,我们将花的一个子集单独暴露给白天或夜间的访问者,以确定它们对繁殖的相对贡献。乳草的花朵相对开放,花蜜暴露在外,吸引了蜜蜂、蝴蝶、夜间定居蛾和飞蛾等多种传粉媒介。我们确定了草属植物依赖传粉媒介来生产种子。仅在白天暴露的花与仅在夜间暴露的花的种子数量相似,这表明该植物可以有效地由白天和夜间活动的动物授粉。研究结果强调了多种传粉媒介的重要性,以及它们在具有可变传粉媒介群落的沙漠环境中对繁殖成功的贡献。因此,应考虑到系统中所有可能的传粉者的贡献,包括经常被忽视的夜间访问者。
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引用次数: 0
Pollination versus carnivory: functional distribution of naphthoquinones in Nepenthes khasiana. 传粉与食肉:花栗草中萘醌类的功能分布。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1111/plb.70146
C C Lathika, G B Sujatha, N Sabulal, A J Johnson, G Viswanathan, R K S Remadevi, L A Shereefa, S Baby

Nepenthes, a major genus of carnivorous plants, secrete floral and extrafloral nectars (FN and EFN) in their flowers and pitchers, respectively. Recently we demonstrated Nepenthes khasiana EFN as a sugar mix with minimal nitrogenous metabolites and vitamin C. N. khasiana EFN showed insect toxicity due to its strong acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, and the active principle has been characterized as the naphthoquinone derivative, (+)-isoshinanolone. These findings prompted us to study the chemical composition and toxicity of N. khasiana FN. N. khasiana FN was analyzed for its sugars, amino acids, proteins, fatty acids and vitamin C by HPTLC-densitometry, UFLC, GC-MS and biochemical assays. C:N ratio and naphthoquinones were analyzed by CHNS analyzer, headspace-GC-MS, and GC-FID, respectively. Toxicity of FN and the naphthoquinone droserone, found in its pitcher fluid, was evaluated using the AChE inhibition assay. N. khasiana FN showed a similar chemical pattern as its EFN, viz., sugar (Glc-Fru-Suc)-mix with minimal amino acids, vitamin C, and moderate protein and fatty acid contents. It showed fairly high C:N ratio. The naphthoquinone, plumbagin, was the major volatile constituent in N. khasiana flowers. Crucially, the AChE inhibitors, (+)-isoshinanolone and plumbagin, were absent in N. khasiana FN, which showed no AChE inhibition. Droserone, however, exhibited strong AChE inhibitory activity. The chemical profiles of EFN and FN reflect a nitrogen-limited metabolism in N. khasiana. Notably, the functional allocation of neurotoxic naphthoquinones - abundant in EFN, absent in FN, and present in the pitcher fluid - reflects an adaptive strategy that optimizes both nutritional gain through prey capture and reproductive success through pollination.

Nepenthes是食肉植物的一个主要属,它们的花和瓶中分别分泌花蜜和花外花蜜。最近,我们证实了黑花列子EFN是一种含有微量氮代谢产物和维生素c的糖混合物。黑花列子EFN具有较强的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制作用,具有昆虫毒性,其活性原理被认为是萘醌衍生物,(+)-异草胺酮。这些发现促使我们对哈氏白僵菌的化学成分和毒性进行研究。采用hptlc -密度法、UFLC法、GC-MS法和生化分析方法,对卡莎娜FN中糖、氨基酸、蛋白质、脂肪酸和维生素C进行分析。C:N比、萘醌类分别采用CHNS分析仪、顶空-气相色谱-质谱、气相色谱- fid进行分析。用乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制试验评价了在猪笼液中发现的FN和萘醌羟色酮的毒性。黑花菜FN表现出与其EFN相似的化学模式,即糖(Glc-Fru-Suc)混合,氨基酸、维生素C含量极少,蛋白质和脂肪酸含量适中。碳氮比较高。萘醌、白桦苷是白桦花的主要挥发性成分。重要的是,这些AChE抑制剂(+)-异草甾醇酮和白桦素在北韩花FN中不存在,对AChE没有抑制作用。而Droserone则表现出较强的AChE抑制活性。EFN和FN的化学特征反映了柠条的氮限制代谢。值得注意的是,神经毒性萘醌的功能分配——在EFN中丰富,在FN中不存在,但存在于猪笼草液中——反映了一种适应性策略,即通过捕获猎物来优化营养获得,通过授粉来优化繁殖成功。
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引用次数: 0
Geographic provenance and environmental growing conditions as factors influencing phytochemical composition of Arabica green coffee beans. 影响阿拉比卡绿咖啡豆植物化学成分的地理来源和环境生长条件。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1111/plb.70136
I Pettazzoni, G Benati, S Monari, E De Angelis, L Navarini, M Ferri, A Tassoni

This study explores how bioactive compounds in green coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) vary across different geographic regions, addressing the key question of how environmental factors shape coffee biochemistry and adaptation mechanisms to diverse conditions. Identifying these variations provides insight into how environmental and processing factors influence coffee's sensory quality. Samples from six major coffee-producing regions were analysed for key bioactive compounds, including biogenic amines, caffeine, trigonelline, sucrose, free amino acids, and phenolics. Total polyphenol content and polyamine concentrations were measured, and PCA was used to differentiate samples based on chemical composition. A correlation analysis was specifically conducted for Brazilian samples, using meteorological and environmental data. Total polyphenol content ranged from 44.8 to 70.7 mg GAeq g-1 FW, with Brazilian samples having the highest levels. Putrescine, the most abundant polyamine, varied significantly (0.02-1.9 μg g-1 FW). PCA highlighted Ethiopian samples with high sucrose and low caffeine. Brazilian samples showed distinct separation based on key compounds, including putrescine, trigonelline, and amino acids. Environmental factors in Brazil correlated with polyamine and amino acid composition, suggesting associations with heat and drought tolerance. Environmental factors, particularly heat and drought, influence the biochemical profile of coffee beans. Polyamine levels correlate with stress tolerance, while amino acid composition reflects adaptations for osmotic protection. These findings enhance our understanding of coffee's biochemical adaptation to diverse climates and offer valuable insights for optimizing cultivation strategies in the face of climate change.

本研究探讨了绿咖啡豆(Coffea arabica L.)中生物活性化合物在不同地理区域的差异,解决了环境因素如何影响咖啡生物化学和适应不同条件机制的关键问题。识别这些差异有助于了解环境和加工因素如何影响咖啡的感官质量。研究人员分析了来自六个主要咖啡产区的样品中的关键生物活性化合物,包括生物胺、咖啡因、葫芦巴碱、蔗糖、游离氨基酸和酚类物质。测定样品的总多酚含量和多胺浓度,利用主成分分析法对样品进行化学成分鉴别。利用气象和环境数据,专门对巴西样本进行了相关性分析。总多酚含量从44.8到70.7 mg GAeq g-1 FW不等,其中巴西样品的含量最高。多胺含量最高的腐胺差异显著(0.02 ~ 1.9 μg -1 FW)。PCA强调埃塞俄比亚的样品含有高蔗糖和低咖啡因。巴西样品显示出基于关键化合物的明显分离,包括腐胺、葫芦巴碱和氨基酸。巴西的环境因素与多胺和氨基酸组成相关,表明与耐热性和耐旱性有关。环境因素,尤其是高温和干旱,会影响咖啡豆的生化特性。多胺水平与胁迫耐受性有关,而氨基酸组成反映了渗透保护的适应性。这些发现增强了我们对咖啡对不同气候的生化适应的理解,并为面对气候变化优化种植策略提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
The tasiR-ARF pathway in plants: origin, functions, and interplay of miR-390, tasiRNAs and ARF3. 植物中tasiR-ARF通路:miR-390、tasirna和ARF3的起源、功能和相互作用
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/plb.70154
B A López-Ruiz, V T Juárez González, R F Jiménez-Ortega, J L Reyes, T D Dinkova

Trans-acting small interfering RNA (tasiRNAs) are a special type of endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) found only in plants. Their biogenesis requires an initial miRNA-mediated cleavage of RNA precursors transcribed from TAS genes. TasiRNAs act in trans to silence gene expression by cleaving mRNAs with sequences partially complementary to their own. While Arabidopsis thaliana contains several TAS genes not found in other plants, the miR390-TAS3-ARF pathway is highly conserved among land plant lineages. This pathway exerts its function by silencing a subgroup of Auxin Response Factor (ARF) genes; these tasiRNAs are termed tasiR-ARFs. Many downstream auxin signals are mediated by ARFs acting as transcription factors to confer sensitivity and robustness to the hormone responses in diverse development contexts. These pathway functions are critical for plant growth, developmental timing, and correct organ patterning, such as leaf morphology and polarity, lateral root architecture, and flowering, as well as coping with stress. The phenotypes caused by mutations affecting tasiR-ARF production vary across plant species, showing pleiotropic effects, suggesting a co-opted process where the tasiR-ARF pathway evolution occurred to serve different functions, depending on plant developmental cues. One way to unify the diverse roles of this pathway would be through auxin response integration, possibly by exploring the evolution of ARF3 transcription factors and downstream genes. In this review, we discuss versatility of the tasiR-ARF pathway in land plants according to known developmental and environmental responses where the phytohormone auxin plays an essential role.

反式作用小干扰RNA (tasiRNAs)是一类仅存在于植物体内的内源性小RNA (sRNAs)。它们的生物发生需要从TAS基因转录的RNA前体的初始mirna介导的切割。TasiRNAs通过切割与自身部分互补的mrna来沉默基因表达。虽然拟南芥含有多个在其他植物中未发现的TAS基因,但miR390-TAS3-ARF通路在陆生植物谱系中高度保守。该途径通过沉默生长素反应因子(ARF)基因亚群来发挥其功能;这些tasirna被称为tasir - arf。许多下游的生长素信号是由ARFs作为转录因子介导的,从而在不同的发育背景下赋予激素反应的敏感性和稳健性。这些途径的功能对植物生长、发育时间和正确的器官模式(如叶片形态和极性、侧根结构、开花以及应对胁迫)至关重要。影响tasiR-ARF产生的突变引起的表型因植物物种而异,表现出多效性效应,表明tasiR-ARF途径进化发生的增选过程取决于植物发育线索,具有不同的功能。统一这一途径的多种作用的一种方法是通过生长素反应整合,可能是通过探索ARF3转录因子和下游基因的进化。在这篇综述中,我们根据已知的植物激素生长素在发育和环境反应中的重要作用,讨论了陆地植物中tasiR-ARF通路的多功能性。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the genetic diversity of the IPK Medicago germplasm collection using GBS. 利用GBS技术研究紫花苜蓿种质资源的遗传多样性。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1111/plb.70170
N Devabhakthini, M Kavka, D Harpke, A Himmelbach, U Lohwasser, E Willner, K J Dehmer

The genus Medicago, which includes the widely cultivated forage crop alfalfa, is of significant agricultural and ecological importance. Understanding genetic diversity in Medicago is essential for the conservation of its germplasm and its utilisation in plant breeding. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of the Medicago germplasm collection at the German Federal Ex situ Gene Bank. Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to analyse 1234 accessions of the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), representing 40 Medicago species. After filtering, a high-quality dataset of 23,315 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was generated. Our analyses revealed distinct genetic clusters corresponding to Medicago species and sections, with cultivated M. sativa L. and M. × varia Martyn clustering together with less genetic diversity compared to their wild counterparts. This reflects the shared genetic composition and extensive gene flow between M. sativa and M. × varia, commonly considered a hybrid between M. sativa and M. falcata L. Wild species displayed a more complex genetic structure, with polyphyletic patterns indicating higher genetic differentiation that reflects their diverse evolutionary histories and ecological adaptations. In conclusion, the comprehensive diversity analysis of the IPK Medicago collection provides valuable insights for gene bank management, targeted conservation efforts and strategic breeding initiatives.

苜蓿属包括广泛种植的饲料作物苜蓿,具有重要的农业和生态意义。了解紫花苜蓿的遗传多样性对其种质资源的保护和育种利用具有重要意义。本研究旨在评估德国联邦迁地基因库中紫花苜蓿种质资源的遗传多样性和群体结构。对莱布尼茨植物遗传和作物植物研究所(IPK)的1234份材料进行了基因分型测序分析,其中包括40种紫花苜蓿。筛选后,生成了23,315个单核苷酸多态性(snp)的高质量数据集。我们的分析显示不同的苜蓿品种和区段对应着不同的遗传集群,其中栽培的苜蓿和苜蓿的遗传多样性低于野生苜蓿。这反映了sativa和m.x varia之间具有共同的遗传组成和广泛的基因流,通常被认为是sativa和m.x varia的杂交品种。野生物种表现出更复杂的遗传结构,多种模式表明更高的遗传分化,反映了它们不同的进化历史和生态适应。综上所述,对IPK紫花苜蓿品种的综合多样性分析为基因库管理、有针对性的保护工作和育种战略提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Genome-wide analysis, expression profiling and molecular docking of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) calmodulin (SlCaM) proteins in cadmium stress adaptation. 番茄钙调蛋白(SlCaM)在镉胁迫适应中的全基因组分析、表达谱及分子对接
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1111/plb.70162
I Khan, I-J Lee, S Asaf

Calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential for plant development and stress responses, including heavy metal (HM) stress. However, the roles and mechanisms of calmodulin proteins (SlCalMs) in mediating cadmium (Cd) stress in Solanum lycopersicum, a model crop, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the calcium-mediated stress response in S. lycopersicum by identifying and characterizing the SlCalMs gene family, a key subfamily of calcium-binding proteins (CBPs), to elucidate their potential roles in stress tolerance. A genome-wide identification of SlCalMs was conducted using Oryza sativa sequences as a reference. Bioinformatics analyses included BLASTP searches, sequence alignment, phylogenetics, assessment of physicochemical properties, gene structure and motif analysis, chromosomal mapping and duplication events. Gene expression was assessed under Cd stress using RNA-seq and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Molecular docking simulations evaluated Cd-binding affinities, and protein-protein interaction networks, and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment were used to explore biological functions. Eight distinct SlCalM groups were identified, varying in gene size, exon number and isoelectric point. Conserved motifs, exon-intron patterns and stress-responsive cis-elements were identified. Chromosomal analysis revealed segmental duplications. Under Cd stress, several SlCalMs showed differential expression; notably, Solyc04g077830 was significantly downregulated and showed strong Cd-binding affinity in silico, suggesting a role in Cd sequestration. GO and interaction network analyses confirmed their involvement in Ca2+ signalling, metal ion binding and stress-related pathways. This study provides comprehensive insight into the structure, evolution and functional roles of SlCalMs in tomato. Their involvement in Ca2+ signalling and Cd stress response highlights their potential for improving HM tolerance, offering valuable targets for future genetic or biotechnological interventions in crop improvement.

钙离子(Ca2+)是植物发育和逆境反应(包括重金属胁迫)所必需的。然而,钙调蛋白(calmodulin protein, SlCalMs)在模式作物茄(Solanum lycopersicum)中介导镉(Cd)胁迫的作用和机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过对钙结合蛋白(CBPs)关键亚家族SlCalMs基因家族的鉴定和表征,探讨番茄葡萄球菌(S. lycopersicum)钙介导的应激反应,阐明其在胁迫耐受中的潜在作用。以水稻(Oryza sativa)序列为参考,对SlCalMs进行了全基因组鉴定。生物信息学分析包括BLASTP搜索、序列比对、系统发育、理化性质评估、基因结构和基序分析、染色体作图和重复事件。采用RNA-seq技术评估Cd胁迫下基因表达,并采用实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)进行验证。分子对接模拟评估了cd结合亲和力,蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络,基因本体(GO)富集用于探索生物功能。鉴定出8个不同的SlCalM组,其基因大小、外显子数目和等电点不同。保守基序,外显子-内含子模式和应力响应顺式元件被确定。染色体分析显示片段重复。Cd胁迫下,几种SlCalMs出现差异表达;值得注意的是,Solyc04g077830在硅中表现出较强的Cd结合亲和力,表明其在Cd固存中起作用。氧化石墨烯和相互作用网络分析证实了它们参与Ca2+信号传导、金属离子结合和应激相关途径。本研究对SlCalMs在番茄中的结构、进化和功能作用有了全面的了解。它们参与Ca2+信号和Cd胁迫反应,突出了它们提高HM耐受性的潜力,为未来作物改良中的遗传或生物技术干预提供了有价值的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Starving for oxygen: the effect of hypoxia on seed germination and secondary dormancy induction in Mediterranean temporary ponds plant species. 缺氧:缺氧对地中海临时池塘植物种子萌发和二次休眠诱导的影响。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/plb.70148
M Di Stefano, C P Dominguez, D Batlla, G D Puglia, A Cristaudo

Mediterranean temporary ponds (MTPs) are dynamic habitats where low levels of dissolved oxygen can significantly impact plant life. This study investigated the effect of hypoxia and near-anoxia on seed germination and the induction of secondary dormancy in 14 plant species, characteristic of this habitat. Imbibed seeds were subjected to various oxygen concentrations (0.1, 5, 10, or 21% O2), in both light and darkness. We also tested seed ability to recover germination by moving them to aerobic conditions. We measured embryo growth after hypoxic treatments and during recovery in three species with morpho-physiological dormancy, a rarely investigated response in this dormancy class. Our findings revealed a wide range of species-specific responses. Hypoxia did not inhibit germination in half of the tested species in the light, while near-anoxia completely inhibited germination in all species. However, most seeds fully recovered germination ability once aerobic conditions were restored. Interestingly, hypoxia in darkness reduced or prevented germination in some species and specifically induced secondary dormancy in Juncus bufonius. Surprisingly, seeds of Bulliarda vaillantii lost their light requirement for germination under hypoxia. In three Ranunculus species with morpho-physiological dormancy, hypoxia slowed embryo growth, which delayed germination recovery. This study reveals that MTPs species have evolved adaptations, ranging from tolerance to hypoxic conditions, to the ability to trigger secondary dormancy, which are crucial to surviving and reproducing in these unique environments. The results offer new insights into the germination ecophysiology of MTPs species and their regeneration niche in temporary wetlands.

地中海临时池塘(mtp)是动态栖息地,其中低水平的溶解氧会严重影响植物的生命。研究了低氧和近缺氧对该生境14种植物种子萌发和次生休眠的影响。将吸收的种子置于不同的氧气浓度(0.1%、5%、10%或21% O2)下,光照和黑暗均可。我们还测试了种子在有氧条件下恢复发芽的能力。我们测量了三种具有形态生理休眠的物种在缺氧处理后和恢复期间的胚胎生长情况,这是该休眠类中很少研究的反应。我们的发现揭示了广泛的物种特异性反应。在光照条件下,缺氧没有抑制一半的被试物种的发芽,而近缺氧完全抑制了所有物种的发芽。然而,一旦有氧条件恢复,大多数种子完全恢复萌发能力。有趣的是,黑暗中的缺氧减少或阻止了某些物种的发芽,并特异性地诱导了朱us bufonius的二次休眠。令人惊讶的是,在低氧条件下,白莲籽失去了萌发所需的光。在三种形态生理休眠的毛茛属植物中,缺氧减慢了胚胎的生长,从而延迟了发芽的恢复。这项研究表明,MTPs物种已经进化出适应能力,从对缺氧条件的耐受性到触发二次休眠的能力,这对于在这些独特的环境中生存和繁殖至关重要。研究结果为临时湿地中MTPs的萌发生态生理及其更新生态位的研究提供了新的思路。
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引用次数: 0
Downregulation of GmDIS1 improves drought and heat stress tolerance in soybean. 下调GmDIS1基因可提高大豆的抗旱性和耐热性。
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/plb.70151
R Tiwari, A K Singh, M V Rajam

Soybean (Glycine max), is an important oilseed crop that plays a vital role in ensuring global food security. However, it is susceptible to multiple abiotic stresses that can reduce yield. The ubiquitination-proteasome pathway is a crucial regulatory mechanism that controls a broad range of processes in plants. We investigated the function of Glycine max drought-induced SINA (GmDIS1), an E3 ligase gene, in soybean abiotic stress tolerance using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to develop soybean GmDIS1-RNAi transgenic lines. GmDIS1 was significantly induced under drought and heat stress. Several physiological traits revealed resilience of GmDIS1-RNAi lines under drought and heat stress. The functions of stress-related genes, such as AOS and GmPAL were investigated to dissect the pathways that contribute to drought and heat tolerance in GmDIS1-RNAi lines. The results suggest that decreasing expression of GmDIS1 can enhance soybean tolerance to drought and heat, and also provide a significant target for developing more drought- and heat-tolerant soybean varieties and other crops.

大豆(Glycine max)是一种重要的油料作物,对保障全球粮食安全起着至关重要的作用。然而,它容易受到多种非生物胁迫,从而降低产量。泛素化-蛋白酶体途径是控制植物一系列生理过程的重要调控机制。我们利用农杆菌介导的转基因技术,研究了甘氨酸max干旱诱导的E3连接酶基因SINA (GmDIS1)在大豆非生物抗逆性中的作用。GmDIS1在干旱和热胁迫下受到显著诱导。一些生理性状揭示了GmDIS1-RNAi系在干旱和热胁迫下的恢复力。研究了胁迫相关基因(如AOS和GmPAL)的功能,以剖析GmDIS1-RNAi系干旱和耐热性的途径。结果表明,降低GmDIS1的表达可提高大豆的抗旱性和耐热性,为开发更多的抗旱性和耐热性大豆品种和其他作物提供了重要的靶点。
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引用次数: 0
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Plant Biology
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