Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Relationship Between Dopamine Receptor D2 Gene TaqIA1 Polymorphism and Alcohol Dependence Risk.","authors":"Pradeep Kumar, Amrita Chaudhary, Vandana Rai","doi":"10.1007/s12291-023-01122-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12291-023-01122-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies are published, that investigated dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) gene TaqIA polymorphism as a risk factor for alcohol dependence (AD) with positive and negative associations. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis of case-control studies that examined the association between DRD2 gene Taq1A polymorphism and alcohol dependence was performed. Eligible articles were identified through a search of databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Springer link, and Google Scholar. The association between the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and AD susceptibility was conducted using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) as association measures. A total of 69 studies with 9125 cases and 9123 healthy controls were included in the current meta-analysis. Results of the present analysis showed significant association between DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and AD risk using five genetic modes (allele contrast model-OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.13-1.32, <i>p</i> < 0.0001; homozygote model-OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.18-1.55; <i>p</i> ≤ 0.0001; dominant model-OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.20-1.39; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; recessive model-OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.08-1.36; <i>p</i> = 0.0006). There was no significant association found in subgroup analysis, TaqIA polymorphism was not significantly associated with AD risk in the Asian population under all genetic models, but in the Caucasian population, TaqIA polymorphism was significantly associated with AD risk. Overall, results support the hypothesis that DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism plays a role in alcohol dependence.</p>","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"176 1","pages":"301-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83785010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A weaponized phage suppresses competitors in historical and modern metapopulations of pathogenic bacteria.","authors":"Talia Backman, Sergio M Latorre, Efthymia Symeonidi, Artur Muszyński, Ella Bleak, Lauren Eads, Paulina I Martinez-Koury, Sarita Som, Aubrey Hawks, Andrew D Gloss, David M Belnap, Allison M Manuel, Adam M Deutschbauer, Joy Bergelson, Parastoo Azadi, Hernán A Burbano, Talia L Karasov","doi":"10.1101/2023.04.17.536465","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2023.04.17.536465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteriophages, the viruses of bacteria, are proposed to drive bacterial population dynamics, yet direct evidence of their impact on natural populations is limited. Here we identified viral sequences in a metapopulation of wild plant-associated <i>Pseudomonas</i> spp. genomes. We discovered that the most abundant viral cluster does not encode an intact phage but instead encodes a tailocin - a phage-derived element that bacteria use to kill competitors for interbacterial warfare. Each pathogenic <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. strain carries one of a few distinct tailocin variants, which target variable polysaccharides in the outer membrane of co-occurring pathogenic strains. Analysis of historic herbarium samples from the last 170 years revealed that the same tailocin and receptor variants have persisted in the <i>Pseudomonas</i> populations for at least two centuries, suggesting the continued use of a defined set of tailocin haplotypes and receptors. These results indicate that tailocin genetic diversity can be mined to develop targeted \"tailocin cocktails\" for microbial control.</p><p><strong>One-sentence summary: </strong>Bacterial pathogens in a host-associated metapopulation use a repurposed prophage to kill their competitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10862724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83887062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and management challenges following soil and landscape decontamination at the onset of the reopening of the Difficult-to-Return Zone, Fukushima (Japan)","authors":"O. Evrard, Thomas Chalaux-Clergue, Pierre-Alexis Chaboche, Y. Wakiyama, Y. Thiry","doi":"10.5194/soil-9-479-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-479-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Twelve years after the nuclear accident that occurred at the\u0000Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) in March 2011, radiocesium\u0000contamination (with a large dominance of 137Cs, with a 30-year\u0000half-life) remains a major concern in various municipalities of north-eastern\u0000Japan. The Japanese authorities completed an unprecedented soil\u0000decontamination programme in residential and cultivated areas affected by\u0000the main radioactive plume (8953 km2). They implemented a\u0000complex remediation programme scheme to remediate soils that are fundamental\u0000to life on Earth, relying on different decision rules depending on the waste\u0000type, its contamination level and its region of origin, after delineating\u0000different zones exposed to contrasted radiation rates. The central objective\u0000was not to expose local inhabitants to radioactive doses exceeding 1 mSv yr−1 in addition to the natural levels. At the onset of the full\u0000reopening of the Difficult-to-Return Zone (DTRZ) in spring 2023, the current review\u0000provides an update of a previous synthesis published in 2019\u0000(Evrard et al., 2019). Although this ambitious soil remediation\u0000and reconstruction programme has almost been completed in the 12 municipalities\u0000of Fukushima Prefecture in which an evacuation order was imposed in at least\u0000one neighbourhood in 2011, from the 147 443 inhabitants who lived there\u0000before the accident, only 29.9 % of them had returned by 2020. Waste\u0000generated by decontamination and tsunami cleaning/demolition work is planned\u0000to have been fully transported to (interim) storage facilities by the end of\u00002023. The cost of the operations conducted between 2011 and 2020 for the\u0000so-called “nuclear recovery” operations (including decontamination) was\u0000estimated by the Board of Audit of Japan in 2023 as JPY 6122.3 billion\u0000(∼ EUR 44 billion). Decontamination of cropland was shown to\u0000have impacted soil fertility, and potassium fertilisation is recommended to\u0000limit the transfer of residual radiocesium to new crops. In forests that\u0000cover 71 % of the surface area of Fukushima Prefecture and that were\u0000not targeted by remediation, radiocesium is now found in the upper mineral\u0000layer of the soil in a quasi-equilibrium state. Nevertheless, 137Cs\u0000concentrations in forest products (including wood for heating and\u0000construction, wild plants, wildlife game, mushrooms) often keep exceeding\u0000the threshold values authorised in Japan, which prohibits their exploitation\u0000in the area affected by the main plume. Radionuclides from forests were shown\u0000to be exported in dissolved and particle-bound forms to downstream river\u0000systems and floodplains, although multiple monitoring records showed the\u0000continuous decrease in radiocesium concentrations in both river water and\u0000sediment across the main plume between 2011 and 2021. Fish contamination is now\u0000generally found to be below the threshold limits although reputational damage\u0000remains a major concern for local fishing communities. The remobilisation of\u0000radiocesium from sediment ","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73998607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earthworm-invaded boreal forest soils harbour distinct microbial communities","authors":"J. Lejoly, S. Quideau, J. Laganière, Justine Karst, C. Martineau, M. Swallow, C. Norris, A. Samad","doi":"10.5194/soil-9-461-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-461-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Earthworm invasion in North American forests has the\u0000potential to greatly impact soil microbial communities by altering soil\u0000physicochemical properties, including structure, pH, nutrient availability,\u0000and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. While most research on the topic has\u0000been carried out in northern temperate forests, little is known about the\u0000impact of invasive earthworms on soil microbial communities in hemiboreal\u0000and boreal forests, characterized by a slower decay of organic matter (OM).\u0000Earthworm activities can increase OM mineralization, altering nutrient\u0000cycling and biological activity in a biome where low carbon (C) and nitrogen\u0000(N) availability typically limits microbial and plant growth. Here, we\u0000characterized and compared microbial communities of earthworm-invaded and\u0000non-invaded soils in previously described sites across three major soil\u0000types found in the Canadian (hemi)boreal forest using a space-for-time\u0000approach. Microbial communities of forest floors and surface mineral soils\u0000were characterized using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and\u0000metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and archaea and of the internal-transcriber-spacer-2 (ITS2) region for fungi. In forest floors, the effects of earthworm invasion were\u0000minor. In mineral soil horizons, earthworm invasion was associated with\u0000higher fungal biomass and greater relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal\u0000fungi. Oligotrophic bacteria (Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi) were less\u0000abundant in invaded mineral soils, where Gram(+) : Gram(−) ratios were also\u0000lower, while the opposite was observed for the copiotrophic Bacteroidota.\u0000Additionally, earthworm-invaded mineral soils harboured higher fungal and\u0000bacterial species diversity and richness. Considering the important role of\u0000soil microbial communities for ecosystem functioning, such earthworm-induced\u0000shifts in their community composition are likely to impact nutrient cycling,\u0000as well as vegetation development and forest productivity at a large scale,\u0000as the invasion progresses in these (hemi)boreal systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91090959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropical Andosol organic carbon quality and degradability in relation to soil geochemistry as affected by land use","authors":"Sastrika Anindita, P. Finke, S. Sleutel","doi":"10.5194/soil-9-443-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-443-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Land use is recognized to impact soil geochemistry on the centennial to millennial timescale, with implications for the distribution and stability\u0000of soil organic carbon (SOC). Young volcanic soils in tropical areas are subject to much faster pedogenesis, noticeable already on the centennial or\u0000even decadal timescale. As land use is a recognized factor for soil formation, it is thus conceivable that even relatively recent land use conversion in\u0000such areas would already bear a significant impact on the resulting formed soils., e.g., in terms of content of pedogenic oxides. Very scarce\u0000observational evidence exists, so such indirect implications of land use on SOC cycling are largely unknown. We here investigated SOC fractions,\u0000substrate-specific mineralization (SOC or added plant residue), and net priming of SOC as a function of forest or agricultural land use on Indonesian\u0000volcanic soils. The content of oxalate-extracted Al (Alo) correlated well with organic carbon (OC) associated with sand-sized aggregates,\u0000particularly in the subsoil. The proportion of SOC in sand-sized ultrasonication-resistant (400 J mL−1) aggregates was also higher in\u0000agricultural land use compared to pine forest land use, and a likewise contrast existed for Alo. These combined observations suggest that enhanced\u0000formation of Al (hydr)oxides promoted aggregation and physical occlusion of OC. This was, importantly, also consistent with a relatively lesser\u0000degradability of SOC in the agricultural sites, though we found no likewise difference in degradability of added 13C-labeled ryegrass or\u0000in native SOC priming between the pine forest and agricultural land uses. We expected that amorphous Al content under agricultural land use\u0000would mainly have promoted mineral association of SOC compared to under pine forest land use but found no indications for this. Improved small-scale\u0000aggregation of tropical Andosols caused by conversion to agriculture and high carbon input via organic fertilizer may thus partially counter the\u0000otherwise expectable decline of SOC stocks following cultivation. Such indirect land use effects on the SOC balance appeared relevant for correct\u0000interpretation and prediction of the long-term C balance of (agro)ecosystems with soil subject to intense development, like the here-studied tropical Andosols.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77274426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping land degradation risk due to land susceptibility to dust emission and water erosion","authors":"Mahdi Boroughani, Fahimeh Mirchooli, M. Hadavifar, S. Fiedler","doi":"10.5194/soil-9-411-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-411-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Land degradation is a cause of many social, economic, and environmental\u0000problems. Therefore identification and monitoring of high-risk areas for\u0000land degradation are necessary. Despite the importance of land degradation\u0000due to wind and water erosion in some areas of the world, the combined study\u0000of both types of erosion in the same area receives relatively little\u0000attention. The present study aims to create a land degradation map in terms\u0000of soil erosion caused by wind and water erosion of semi-dry land. We focus\u0000on the Lut watershed in Iran, encompassing the Lut Desert that is influenced\u0000by both monsoon rainfalls and dust storms. Dust sources are identified using\u0000MODIS satellite images with the help of four different indices to quantify\u0000uncertainty. The dust source maps are assessed with three machine learning\u0000algorithms encompassing the artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF),\u0000and flexible discriminant analysis (FDA) to map dust sources paired with\u0000soil erosion susceptibility due to water. We assess the accuracy of the maps\u0000from the machine learning results with the area under the curve (AUC)\u0000of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) metric. The water and aeolian soil\u0000erosion maps are used to identify different classes of land degradation\u0000risks. The results show that 43 % of the watershed is prone to land\u0000degradation in terms of both aeolian and water erosion. Most regions\u0000(45 %) have a risk of water erosion and some regions (7 %) a risk of\u0000aeolian erosion. Only a small fraction (4 %) of the total area of the\u0000region had a low to very low susceptibility for land degradation. The\u0000results of this study underline the risk of land degradation for in an\u0000inhabited region in Iran. Future work should focus on land degradation\u0000associated with soil erosion from water and storms in larger regions to\u0000evaluate the risks also elsewhere.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75219832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating plutonium-239+240 as a novel soil redistribution tracer – a comparison to measured sediment yield","authors":"K. Meusburger, P. Porto, Judith Kobler Waldis, C. Alewell","doi":"10.5194/soil-9-399-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-399-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Quantifying soil redistribution rates is a global challenge addressed with\u0000direct sediment measurements (e.g. traps), models, and isotopic, geochemical,\u0000and radionuclide tracers. The isotope of plutonium, namely 239+240Pu,\u0000is a relatively new soil redistribution tracer in this challenge. Direct\u0000validation of 239+240Pu as a soil redistribution tracer is, however, still\u0000missing. We used a unique sediment yield time series in southern Italy,\u0000reaching back to the initial fallout of 239+240Pu to verify\u0000239+240Pu as a soil redistribution tracer. Distributed soil samples\u0000(n=55) were collected in the catchment, and at undisturbed reference sites\u0000(n=22), 239+240Pu was extracted, measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and converted\u0000to soil redistribution rates. Finally, we used a generalized additive model\u0000(GAM) to regionalize soil redistribution estimates for the catchment. For\u0000the catchment sites, mean 239+240Pu inventories were significantly\u0000reduced (16.8 ± 10.2 Bq m−2) compared to the reference inventory\u0000(40.5 ± 3.5 Bq m−2), indicating the dominance of erosion.\u0000Converting these inventory losses into soil erosion rates resulted in an\u0000average soil loss of 22.2 ± SD 7.2 t ha−1 yr−1. The\u0000uncertainties of the approach stemmed mainly from the high measurement\u0000uncertainties of some low-activity samples where samples have been bulked\u0000over depth. Therefore, we recommend taking incremental soil samples and\u0000extracting larger soil volumes (∼ 20 g). The geographic\u0000coordinates and the flow accumulation best described the spatial pattern of\u0000erosion rates in the GAM model. Using those predictors to upscale Pu-derived\u0000soil redistribution rates for the entire catchment resulted in an average\u0000on-site loss of 20.7 t ha−1 yr−1, which corresponds very well to\u0000the long-term average sediment yield of 18.7 t ha−1 yr−1 measured at the catchment outlet and to 137Cs-derived soil\u0000redistribution rates. Overall, this comparison of Pu-derived soil\u0000redistribution rates with measured sediment yield data validates\u0000239+240Pu as a suitable retrospective soil redistribution tracer.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87083356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide transport through the vadose zone under sugarcane in the Wet Tropics, Australia","authors":"Rezaul Karim, L. Reading, L. Dawes, O. Dahan, Glynis Orr","doi":"10.5194/soil-9-381-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-381-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Photosystem II (PS II) pesticides, recognized as a threat\u0000to ecological health, were targeted for reduction in sugarcane farming in\u0000Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchments. Alternative herbicides, the non-PS\u0000II herbicides (including glyphosate, paraquat, 2,4-D, imazapic,\u0000isoxaflutole, metolachlor, and S-metolachlor), continue to be used in these\u0000catchments. However, the potential ecological fate, transport, and off-site\u0000environmental effects of non-PS II herbicides, with respect to their usage\u0000scheme, local rainfall patterns, and infiltration dynamics, have not been\u0000investigated previously. A vadose zone monitoring system, instrumented\u0000beneath sugarcane land in a GBR catchment, was applied for real-time\u0000tracing of pesticide migration across the unsaturated zone, past the root\u0000zone during 2017–2019. The regularly applied pesticides (fluroxypyr and\u0000isoxaflutole) exhibited substantial migration through the unsaturated zone.\u0000Within 1 month of application of fluroxypyr, it leached to 2.87 m depth\u0000in the vadose zone, with declining concentrations with depth. Isoxaflutole,\u0000which was applied yearly, was found only once, in November 2018, at 3.28 m depth in the soil profile. Other pesticides (imazapic, metolachlor,\u0000glyphosate, and haloxyfop) applied during the same period were not detected\u0000in the vadose zone. However, imidacloprid, which was not applied at the\u0000site during the monitored period, was detected across the entire vadose\u0000zone, revealing substantial resistance to degradation. The results show no\u0000evidence of any regularly applied pesticides in the site bores at the end of\u0000the study, indicating their ultimate degradation within the vadose zone\u0000before reaching the groundwater.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79761456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of the wet part of the soil water retention curve: a European interlaboratory comparison","authors":"Benjamin Guillaume, Hanane Aroui Boukbida, Gerben Bakker, Andrzej Bieganowski, Yves Brostaux, Wim Cornelis, Wolfgang Durner, Christian Hartmann, Bo V. Iversen, Mathieu Javaux, Joachim Ingwersen, K. Lamorski, A. Lamparter, A. Makó, Ana María Mingot Soriano, I. Messing, A. Nemes, Alexandre Pomes-Bordedebat, Martine van der Ploeg, Tobias K. D. Weber, L. Weihermüller, J. Wellens, Aurore Degré","doi":"10.5194/soil-9-365-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-365-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The soil water retention curve (SWRC) is a key soil property required for predicting basic hydrological processes. The SWRC is often obtained in the laboratory with non-harmonized methods. Moreover, procedures associated with each method are not standardized. This can induce a lack of reproducibility between laboratories using different methods and procedures or using the same methods with different procedures. The goal of this study was to estimate the inter- and intralaboratory variability of the measurement of the wet part (from 10 to 300 hPa) of the SWRC. An interlaboratory comparison was carried out between 14 laboratories, using artificially constructed, porous reference samples that were transferred between laboratories according to a statistical design. The retention measurements were modelled by a series of linear mixed models using a Bayesian approach. This allowed the detection of sample-to-sample variability, interlaboratory variability, intralaboratory variability and the effects of sample changes between measurements. The greatest portion of the differences in the measurement of SWRCs was due to interlaboratory variability. The intralaboratory variability was highly variable depending on the laboratory. Some laboratories successfully reproduced the same SWRC on the same sample, while others did not. The mean intralaboratory variability over all laboratories was smaller than the mean interlaboratory variability. A possible explanation for these results is that all laboratories used slightly different methods and procedures. We believe that this result may be of great importance regarding the quality of SWRC databases built by pooling SWRCs obtained in different laboratories. The quality of pedotransfer functions or maps that might be derived is probably hampered by this inter- and intralaboratory variability. The way forward is that measurement procedures of the SWRC need to be harmonized and standardized.","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84911256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of the effects of long-term straw return on soil organic matter spatiotemporal variation: a case study in a typical black soil region","authors":"Yang Yan, W. Ji, Baoguo Li, Gui-Hong Wang, Songchao Chen, Dehai Zhu, Zhong Liu","doi":"10.5194/soil-9-351-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-351-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The straw return practice is essential to soil organic\u0000matter (SOM) accumulation in the black soil area with high carbon\u0000sequestration potential. However, due to lacking accurate spatial\u0000distribution of straw return, few studies have carried out rigorous research\u0000on the impact of long-term straw return on SOM spatiotemporal variation on a\u0000regional scale. This study was carried out across an approximately 3000 km2 area in Lishu County, northeastern China, a typical agricultural\u0000plain. Based on a total of 619 soil samples and 16 environmental covariates,\u0000the study mapped the spatial distributions of SOM in 2006 and 2018 by random\u0000forest (RF) and evaluated the effects of the interaction of soil properties,\u0000land use, and straw return on SOM spatial–temporal variation. The results\u0000show that in the context of long-term straw return, the mean SOM content\u0000increased from 18.93 to 20.84 g kg−1 during 2006–2018. And\u000074.49 % of the region had a significant increase (maximum of 24.41 g kg−1) of SOM. The severest SOM loss occurred in the northwest due to\u0000the light texture and the transition from paddy fields to dryland.\u0000Nevertheless, for areas from paddy fields to dryland, the SOM loss\u0000decreased with the increased cumulative crop residue coverage (CRC). The SOM even\u0000increased by 1.79 g kg−1 when the cumulative crop residue coverage\u0000reached 0.60–1.00. In addition, soil with higher initial SOM and sand\u0000content had a lower response to straw return. The study revealed that straw\u0000return is beneficial to carbon sink in farmland and is a better way to\u0000prevent a carbon source caused by the conservation of paddy field to\u0000dryland.\u0000","PeriodicalId":22015,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76162358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}