Abstract This paper presents a summary of palynological data for Pennsylvanian age coal beds in the Appalachian Basin, discussed primarily from a biostratigraphic perspective. Coal bed palynofloras of Lower Pennsylvanian through early Permian age are compared and correlated with miospore assemblage zones established for western Europe, and the Eastern Interior (Illinois) and Western Interior Basins of the mid-continent USA. Lower Pennsylvanian palynofloras, which are dominated by lycopsid spores, are correlative with the Langsettian of western Europe and the Morrowan of the Eastern and Western Interior mid-continent USA Basins. Stratigraphically useful palynotaxa include Dictyotriletes bireticulatus, Radiizonates striatus, Schulzospora rara, Granasporites medius, Laevigatosporites minor and Endosporites globiformis. Middle Pennsylvanian palynofloras change through time, being lycopsid dominant in the lower part and more heterogeneous in the middle and upper parts with increased contributions from other Pennsylvanian plant groups. They are correlative with the Duckmantian, Bolsovian and Asturian of western Europe and the Atokan and Desmoinesian of the Eastern and Western Interior mid-continent USA Basins. Stratigraphically useful palynotaxa include Secarisporites remotus, Microreticulatisporites sulcatus, Vestispora fenestrata, Triquitrites sculptilis, Laevigatosporites globosus, Radiizonates difformis, Torispora securis, Triquitrites minutus, Mooreisporites inusitatus, Murospora kosankei, Thymospora pseudothiessenii and Schopfites dimorphus. Upper Pennsylvanian and lower Permian coal beds in the Appalachian Basin, in contrast to their Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian counterparts, are strongly dominated by tree fern spore palynotaxa. Palynofloras correlate with the Stephanian and Autunian of western Europe and the Missourian, Virgilian and Wolcampian of the Eastern and Western Interior mid-continent USA Basins.
{"title":"Appalachian coal bed palynofloras: changes in composition through time and comparison with other areas","authors":"C. Eble","doi":"10.1144/SP512-2021-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/SP512-2021-131","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents a summary of palynological data for Pennsylvanian age coal beds in the Appalachian Basin, discussed primarily from a biostratigraphic perspective. Coal bed palynofloras of Lower Pennsylvanian through early Permian age are compared and correlated with miospore assemblage zones established for western Europe, and the Eastern Interior (Illinois) and Western Interior Basins of the mid-continent USA. Lower Pennsylvanian palynofloras, which are dominated by lycopsid spores, are correlative with the Langsettian of western Europe and the Morrowan of the Eastern and Western Interior mid-continent USA Basins. Stratigraphically useful palynotaxa include Dictyotriletes bireticulatus, Radiizonates striatus, Schulzospora rara, Granasporites medius, Laevigatosporites minor and Endosporites globiformis. Middle Pennsylvanian palynofloras change through time, being lycopsid dominant in the lower part and more heterogeneous in the middle and upper parts with increased contributions from other Pennsylvanian plant groups. They are correlative with the Duckmantian, Bolsovian and Asturian of western Europe and the Atokan and Desmoinesian of the Eastern and Western Interior mid-continent USA Basins. Stratigraphically useful palynotaxa include Secarisporites remotus, Microreticulatisporites sulcatus, Vestispora fenestrata, Triquitrites sculptilis, Laevigatosporites globosus, Radiizonates difformis, Torispora securis, Triquitrites minutus, Mooreisporites inusitatus, Murospora kosankei, Thymospora pseudothiessenii and Schopfites dimorphus. Upper Pennsylvanian and lower Permian coal beds in the Appalachian Basin, in contrast to their Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian counterparts, are strongly dominated by tree fern spore palynotaxa. Palynofloras correlate with the Stephanian and Autunian of western Europe and the Missourian, Virgilian and Wolcampian of the Eastern and Western Interior mid-continent USA Basins.","PeriodicalId":22055,"journal":{"name":"Special Publications","volume":"20 1","pages":"791 - 812"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76736519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Proterozoic to Cenozoic lamprophyres, lamproites and related rock types hold a unique potential for the investigation of processes affecting mantle reservoirs. They originated from primary mantle-derived melts that intruded both cratons and off-craton regions, which were parts of former supercontinents – Columbia, Rodinia and Gondwana–Pangaea. Well known for hosting economic minerals and elements such as diamonds, base metals, platinum-group elements and Au, they are also significant for our understanding of deep-mantle processes, such as mantle metasomatism and mantle plume–lithosphere interactions, as well as large-scale geodynamic processes, including subduction-related tectonics and supercontinent amalgamation and break-up. This Special Publication presents an overview of the state of the art and recent advances as achieved by individual research groups from different parts of the world, and outlines future research directions. Mineralogical, geochemical, geochronological and isotope analyses are used to decipher the complex petrogenetic and metallogenetic evolution of these extraordinary rocks and unravel a complete history of tectonic events related to individual supercontinent cycles. The Special Publication including this introductory chapter also deals with some issues related to the classification of these rocks.
{"title":"Lamprophyres, lamproites and related rocks as tracers to supercontinent cycles and metallogenesis","authors":"L. Krmíček, N. V. C. Rao","doi":"10.1144/SP513-2021-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/SP513-2021-159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Proterozoic to Cenozoic lamprophyres, lamproites and related rock types hold a unique potential for the investigation of processes affecting mantle reservoirs. They originated from primary mantle-derived melts that intruded both cratons and off-craton regions, which were parts of former supercontinents – Columbia, Rodinia and Gondwana–Pangaea. Well known for hosting economic minerals and elements such as diamonds, base metals, platinum-group elements and Au, they are also significant for our understanding of deep-mantle processes, such as mantle metasomatism and mantle plume–lithosphere interactions, as well as large-scale geodynamic processes, including subduction-related tectonics and supercontinent amalgamation and break-up. This Special Publication presents an overview of the state of the art and recent advances as achieved by individual research groups from different parts of the world, and outlines future research directions. Mineralogical, geochemical, geochronological and isotope analyses are used to decipher the complex petrogenetic and metallogenetic evolution of these extraordinary rocks and unravel a complete history of tectonic events related to individual supercontinent cycles. The Special Publication including this introductory chapter also deals with some issues related to the classification of these rocks.","PeriodicalId":22055,"journal":{"name":"Special Publications","volume":"5 1","pages":"1 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72965046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forensic soil science and geology provides information and operational support to assist the police and law enforcement with criminal and environmental investigations. These include: crime scene examination and the collection of soil and other materials; analysis and interpretation of this geological trace evidence; and searches associated with homicide graves, counter-terrorism and serious and organized crime. This volume provides new and sophisticated field and laboratory methods and operational casework.
{"title":"About this title - Forensic Soil Science and Geology","authors":"R. Fitzpatrick, L. Donnelly","doi":"10.1144/sp492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp492","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic soil science and geology provides information and operational support to assist the police and law enforcement with criminal and environmental investigations. These include: crime scene examination and the collection of soil and other materials; analysis and interpretation of this geological trace evidence; and searches associated with homicide graves, counter-terrorism and serious and organized crime. This volume provides new and sophisticated field and laboratory methods and operational casework.","PeriodicalId":22055,"journal":{"name":"Special Publications","volume":"73 1","pages":"NP - NP"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78930667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
China is home to more than a dozen volcanoes that have erupted during the Holocene. Recent activity, such as the eruption of Ashikule in 1951 and unrest of Changbaishan during 2002–05, highlights the potential for future volcanic unrest and eruptions in the country. In 1999, a National Volcano Monitoring Network was established, inaugurating a programme of research and surveillance to understand the history and activity of China's volcanoes. Much progress has been made since, advancing understanding in the areas of geology, geochemistry and geophysics, and supporting hazard mitigation planning. This Special Publication reports the wide-ranging outcomes of this work for the first time to the international community.
{"title":"About this title - Active Volcanoes of China","authors":"J. Xu, C. Oppenheimer, J. Hammond, H. Wei","doi":"10.1144/sp510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp510","url":null,"abstract":"China is home to more than a dozen volcanoes that have erupted during the Holocene. Recent activity, such as the eruption of Ashikule in 1951 and unrest of Changbaishan during 2002–05, highlights the potential for future volcanic unrest and eruptions in the country. In 1999, a National Volcano Monitoring Network was established, inaugurating a programme of research and surveillance to understand the history and activity of China's volcanoes. Much progress has been made since, advancing understanding in the areas of geology, geochemistry and geophysics, and supporting hazard mitigation planning. This Special Publication reports the wide-ranging outcomes of this work for the first time to the international community.","PeriodicalId":22055,"journal":{"name":"Special Publications","volume":"149 1","pages":"NP - NP"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77474839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiang-Dong Wang, Sun-rong Yang, L. Yao, T. Sugiyama, Ke-yi Hu
Abstract Rugose corals are one of the major fossil groups in shallow-water environments. They played an important role in dividing and correlating Carboniferous strata during the last century, when regional biostratigraphic schemes were established, and may be useful for long-distance correlation. Carboniferous rugose corals document two evolutionary events. One is the Tournaisian recovery event, with abundant occurrences of typical Carboniferous rugose corals such as columellate taxa and a significant diversification of large, dissepimented corals. The other is the changeover of rugose coral composition at the mid-Carboniferous boundary, which is represented by the disappearance of many large dissepimented taxa with complex axial structures and the appearance of typical Pennsylvanian taxa characterized by compound rugose taxa. The biostratigraphic scales for rugose corals show a finer temporal resolution in the Mississippian than in the Pennsylvanian, which was probably caused by the Late Paleozoic Ice Age that resulted in glacial–eustatic changes and a lack of continuous Pennsylvanian carbonate strata. The Pennsylvanian rugose corals are totally missing in the Cimmerian Continent. High-resolution biostratigraphy of rugose corals has so far only been achieved in few regions for the Mississippian timescale. In most regions, more detailed taxonomic work and precise correlations between different fossil groups are needed.
{"title":"Carboniferous biostratigraphy of rugose corals","authors":"Xiang-Dong Wang, Sun-rong Yang, L. Yao, T. Sugiyama, Ke-yi Hu","doi":"10.1144/SP512-2021-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/SP512-2021-79","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rugose corals are one of the major fossil groups in shallow-water environments. They played an important role in dividing and correlating Carboniferous strata during the last century, when regional biostratigraphic schemes were established, and may be useful for long-distance correlation. Carboniferous rugose corals document two evolutionary events. One is the Tournaisian recovery event, with abundant occurrences of typical Carboniferous rugose corals such as columellate taxa and a significant diversification of large, dissepimented corals. The other is the changeover of rugose coral composition at the mid-Carboniferous boundary, which is represented by the disappearance of many large dissepimented taxa with complex axial structures and the appearance of typical Pennsylvanian taxa characterized by compound rugose taxa. The biostratigraphic scales for rugose corals show a finer temporal resolution in the Mississippian than in the Pennsylvanian, which was probably caused by the Late Paleozoic Ice Age that resulted in glacial–eustatic changes and a lack of continuous Pennsylvanian carbonate strata. The Pennsylvanian rugose corals are totally missing in the Cimmerian Continent. High-resolution biostratigraphy of rugose corals has so far only been achieved in few regions for the Mississippian timescale. In most regions, more detailed taxonomic work and precise correlations between different fossil groups are needed.","PeriodicalId":22055,"journal":{"name":"Special Publications","volume":"36 1","pages":"603 - 632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82813808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Dolerite dyke swarms are widespread within the Singhbhum Craton (eastern India) that emplaced from the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic era just after the stabilization of crust before c. 3 Ga. These dyke swarms are oriented in NE–SW to NNE–SSW, NW–SE to WNW–ESE, east–west and north–south directions. The WNW–ESE-trending c. 1.77 Ga Pipilia dyke swarm is sampled from the Satkosia area of Orissa state. The dyke shows a noticeable disparity in terms of the modal proportion and grain size of pyroxenes, plagioclase, Fe–Ti oxide minerals and texture across the trend. In places the primary silicates are altered to secondary hydrated mineral assemblages of amphibole, chlorite and sericite. The primary silicates are clinopyroxene (augite – Mg# = 65.7–82.6; En37–48Fs11–17Wo36–41), orthopyroxene (clinoenstatite – Mg# = 68.5–78; En63–70Fs20–29Wo4–5) and plagioclase (An11–39Ab44–82Or1–7) and the Fe–Ti oxides are titanomagnetite (FeO, 34.38–39.50 wt%; Fe2O3, 48.26–56.21 wt%; TiO2, 5.05–9.60 wt%) and ilmenite (FeO, 40.75–43.79 wt%; Fe2O3, 3.54–10.03 wt%; TiO2, 47.82–50.87 wt%). Application of two-pyroxene thermometry yields an equilibration temperature range of 1065–978°C, and coexisting titanomagnetite–ilmenite pairs reveal 731.39–573.37°C under the oxygen fugacity (fO2) condition NNO + 0.3 to FMQ − 1.03. The dyke contains disseminated sulfides at the interstices of Fe–Ti oxides and silicates. Major sulfide minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite and vaesite; pyrite–vaesite assemblages occur in association with secondary silicate minerals. Pyrite grains contain variable concentrations of Co (0.01–5.70 wt%) and Ni (0.02–1.95 wt%). Coexisting vaesite contains Co (2.42–10.44 wt%), Ni (26.40–47.88 wt%) and Fe (7.32–26.55 wt%). Texture, sulfide–silicate assemblage and the presence of low metal/S sulfides such as the pyrite–vaesite assemblage indicate that primary Fe–Ni sulfides (pyrrhotite–pentlandite) that segregated from immiscible sulfide liquid at high temperature are modified by late magmatic/hydrothermal fluid activities. Numerous sulfide-bearing deposits hosted in ultramafic–mafic intrusions of Paleoproterozoic age have been recorded globally and the occurrence of Fe–Ni sulfides in the c. 1.77 Ga Pipilia dyke swarm in the Singhbhum Craton enhances the exploration potential of this craton in eastern India.
{"title":"Origin of Fe–Ni–Cu (Co) sulfide and Fe–Ti oxide minerals in the c. 1.77 Ga dolerite dyke, Singhbhum Craton (eastern India)","authors":"A. Dey, S. Mondal","doi":"10.1144/SP518-2021-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/SP518-2021-46","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dolerite dyke swarms are widespread within the Singhbhum Craton (eastern India) that emplaced from the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic era just after the stabilization of crust before c. 3 Ga. These dyke swarms are oriented in NE–SW to NNE–SSW, NW–SE to WNW–ESE, east–west and north–south directions. The WNW–ESE-trending c. 1.77 Ga Pipilia dyke swarm is sampled from the Satkosia area of Orissa state. The dyke shows a noticeable disparity in terms of the modal proportion and grain size of pyroxenes, plagioclase, Fe–Ti oxide minerals and texture across the trend. In places the primary silicates are altered to secondary hydrated mineral assemblages of amphibole, chlorite and sericite. The primary silicates are clinopyroxene (augite – Mg# = 65.7–82.6; En37–48Fs11–17Wo36–41), orthopyroxene (clinoenstatite – Mg# = 68.5–78; En63–70Fs20–29Wo4–5) and plagioclase (An11–39Ab44–82Or1–7) and the Fe–Ti oxides are titanomagnetite (FeO, 34.38–39.50 wt%; Fe2O3, 48.26–56.21 wt%; TiO2, 5.05–9.60 wt%) and ilmenite (FeO, 40.75–43.79 wt%; Fe2O3, 3.54–10.03 wt%; TiO2, 47.82–50.87 wt%). Application of two-pyroxene thermometry yields an equilibration temperature range of 1065–978°C, and coexisting titanomagnetite–ilmenite pairs reveal 731.39–573.37°C under the oxygen fugacity (fO2) condition NNO + 0.3 to FMQ − 1.03. The dyke contains disseminated sulfides at the interstices of Fe–Ti oxides and silicates. Major sulfide minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite and vaesite; pyrite–vaesite assemblages occur in association with secondary silicate minerals. Pyrite grains contain variable concentrations of Co (0.01–5.70 wt%) and Ni (0.02–1.95 wt%). Coexisting vaesite contains Co (2.42–10.44 wt%), Ni (26.40–47.88 wt%) and Fe (7.32–26.55 wt%). Texture, sulfide–silicate assemblage and the presence of low metal/S sulfides such as the pyrite–vaesite assemblage indicate that primary Fe–Ni sulfides (pyrrhotite–pentlandite) that segregated from immiscible sulfide liquid at high temperature are modified by late magmatic/hydrothermal fluid activities. Numerous sulfide-bearing deposits hosted in ultramafic–mafic intrusions of Paleoproterozoic age have been recorded globally and the occurrence of Fe–Ni sulfides in the c. 1.77 Ga Pipilia dyke swarm in the Singhbhum Craton enhances the exploration potential of this craton in eastern India.","PeriodicalId":22055,"journal":{"name":"Special Publications","volume":"16 1","pages":"553 - 574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73219715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Icehouses are the less common climate state on Earth, and thus it is notable that the longest-lived (c. 370 to 260 Ma) and possibly most extensive and intense of icehouse periods spanned the Carboniferous Period. Mid- to high-latitude glaciogenic deposits reveal a dynamic glaciation–deglaciation history with ice waxing and waning from multiple ice centres and possible transcontinental ice sheets during the apex of glaciation. New high-precision U–Pb ages confirm a hypothesized west-to-east progression of glaciation through the icehouse, but reveal that its demise occurred as a series of synchronous and widespread deglaciations. The dynamic glaciation history, along with repeated perturbations to Earth System components, are archived in the low-latitude stratigraphic record, revealing similarities to the Cenozoic icehouse. Further assessing the phasing between climate, oceanographic, and biotic changes during the icehouse requires additional chronostratigraphic constraints. Astrochronology permits the deciphering of time, at high resolution, in the late Paleozoic record as has been demonstrated in deep- and quiet-water deposits. Rigorous testing for astronomical forcing in low-latitude cyclothemic successions, which have a direct link to higher-latitude glaciogenic records through inferred glacioeustasy, however, will require a comprehensive approach that integrates new techniques with further optimization and additional independent age constraints given challenges associated with shallow-marine to terrestrial records.
{"title":"Current synthesis of the penultimate icehouse and its imprint on the Upper Devonian through Permian stratigraphic record","authors":"I. Montañez","doi":"10.1144/SP512-2021-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/SP512-2021-124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Icehouses are the less common climate state on Earth, and thus it is notable that the longest-lived (c. 370 to 260 Ma) and possibly most extensive and intense of icehouse periods spanned the Carboniferous Period. Mid- to high-latitude glaciogenic deposits reveal a dynamic glaciation–deglaciation history with ice waxing and waning from multiple ice centres and possible transcontinental ice sheets during the apex of glaciation. New high-precision U–Pb ages confirm a hypothesized west-to-east progression of glaciation through the icehouse, but reveal that its demise occurred as a series of synchronous and widespread deglaciations. The dynamic glaciation history, along with repeated perturbations to Earth System components, are archived in the low-latitude stratigraphic record, revealing similarities to the Cenozoic icehouse. Further assessing the phasing between climate, oceanographic, and biotic changes during the icehouse requires additional chronostratigraphic constraints. Astrochronology permits the deciphering of time, at high resolution, in the late Paleozoic record as has been demonstrated in deep- and quiet-water deposits. Rigorous testing for astronomical forcing in low-latitude cyclothemic successions, which have a direct link to higher-latitude glaciogenic records through inferred glacioeustasy, however, will require a comprehensive approach that integrates new techniques with further optimization and additional independent age constraints given challenges associated with shallow-marine to terrestrial records.","PeriodicalId":22055,"journal":{"name":"Special Publications","volume":"47 1","pages":"213 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78367279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper proposes a synthesis of the taxonomy, phylogeny, palaeogeographic distribution, regional biostratigraphy, and palaeobiogeographic faunal development of Carboniferous fusuline foraminifers. They appeared in the latest Tournaisian and comprised a small-sized, morphologically conservative taxonomic group during the Mississippian. Fusulines became larger and prevailed in Pennsylvanian foraminiferal assemblages. Carboniferous fusulines consist of Ozawainellidae, Staffellidae, Schubertellidae, Fusulinidae, and Schwagerinidae, in which 95 genera are considered as valid taxonomically. Upsizing their shells throughout the Pennsylvanian is likely related to symbiosis with photosynthetic microorganisms, which was accelerated by the acquisition of a keriothecal wall in Late Pennsylvanian schwagerinids. Regional fusuline succession data from 40 provinces provide a refined biostratigraphy, enabling zonation and correlation with substage- or higher-resolution precision in the Pennsylvanian. Their spatio-temporal faunal characteristics show that fusulines had a cosmopolitan palaeobiogeographic signature in Mississippian time, suggesting unrestricted faunal exchange through the palaeoequatorial Rheic Ocean. After the formation of Pangaea, Pennsylvanian fusulines started to show provincialism, and their distributions defined the Ural–Arctic Region in the Boreal Realm, Palaeotethys, Panthalassa, and North American Craton regions in the Palaeoequatorial Realm, and Western Gondwana and Eastern Peri-Gondwana regions in the Gondwana Realm. The Western Palaeotethys and East European Platform Subregions maintained higher generic diversity throughout the Pennsylvanian.
{"title":"Carboniferous fusuline Foraminifera: taxonomy, regional biostratigraphy, and palaeobiogeographic faunal development","authors":"K. Ueno","doi":"10.1144/sp512-2021-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp512-2021-107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper proposes a synthesis of the taxonomy, phylogeny, palaeogeographic distribution, regional biostratigraphy, and palaeobiogeographic faunal development of Carboniferous fusuline foraminifers. They appeared in the latest Tournaisian and comprised a small-sized, morphologically conservative taxonomic group during the Mississippian. Fusulines became larger and prevailed in Pennsylvanian foraminiferal assemblages. Carboniferous fusulines consist of Ozawainellidae, Staffellidae, Schubertellidae, Fusulinidae, and Schwagerinidae, in which 95 genera are considered as valid taxonomically. Upsizing their shells throughout the Pennsylvanian is likely related to symbiosis with photosynthetic microorganisms, which was accelerated by the acquisition of a keriothecal wall in Late Pennsylvanian schwagerinids. Regional fusuline succession data from 40 provinces provide a refined biostratigraphy, enabling zonation and correlation with substage- or higher-resolution precision in the Pennsylvanian. Their spatio-temporal faunal characteristics show that fusulines had a cosmopolitan palaeobiogeographic signature in Mississippian time, suggesting unrestricted faunal exchange through the palaeoequatorial Rheic Ocean. After the formation of Pangaea, Pennsylvanian fusulines started to show provincialism, and their distributions defined the Ural–Arctic Region in the Boreal Realm, Palaeotethys, Panthalassa, and North American Craton regions in the Palaeoequatorial Realm, and Western Gondwana and Eastern Peri-Gondwana regions in the Gondwana Realm. The Western Palaeotethys and East European Platform Subregions maintained higher generic diversity throughout the Pennsylvanian.","PeriodicalId":22055,"journal":{"name":"Special Publications","volume":"82 1","pages":"327 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83743288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Marret, J. O'Keefe, P. Osterloff, M. Pound, L. Shumilovskikh
This long-awaited book about non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) aims to cover gaps in our knowledge of these abundant but understudied palynological remains. NPPs, such as fungal spores, testate amoebae, dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs and animal remains, are routinely recovered from palynological preparations of marine or terrestrial material, from Proterozoic to recent geological times. This book gives the reader a comprehensive overview of the different types of NPPs, with examples from diverse time periods and environments. It provides guidance on sample preparation to maximize the recovery of these NPPs, detailed information on their diversity and ecological affinity, clarification on the nomenclature and demonstrates their value as environmental indicators. This volume will become the reference guide for any student, academic or practitioner interested in everything else in their palynological preparations.
{"title":"About this title - Applications of Non-Pollen Palynomorphs: from Palaeoenvironmental Reconstructions to Biostratigraphy","authors":"F. Marret, J. O'Keefe, P. Osterloff, M. Pound, L. Shumilovskikh","doi":"10.1144/sp511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/sp511","url":null,"abstract":"This long-awaited book about non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) aims to cover gaps in our knowledge of these abundant but understudied palynological remains. NPPs, such as fungal spores, testate amoebae, dinoflagellate cysts, acritarchs and animal remains, are routinely recovered from palynological preparations of marine or terrestrial material, from Proterozoic to recent geological times. This book gives the reader a comprehensive overview of the different types of NPPs, with examples from diverse time periods and environments. It provides guidance on sample preparation to maximize the recovery of these NPPs, detailed information on their diversity and ecological affinity, clarification on the nomenclature and demonstrates their value as environmental indicators. This volume will become the reference guide for any student, academic or practitioner interested in everything else in their palynological preparations.","PeriodicalId":22055,"journal":{"name":"Special Publications","volume":"26 1","pages":"NP - NP"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82816064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Peng, Huiru Xu, Chong Wang, Xiangdong Su, Fengbo Sun, Xinping Wang
Abstract The North China craton is encircled by four successive triple-conjugated rifts, which are respectively the centres of large igneous provinces (LIPs) of bimodal compositions, i.e. Xiong'er rift (south, c. 1.78 Ga Taihang LIP), Yanliao rift (north, c. 1.32 Ga Yanliao LIP), Xuhuai rift (east, c. 1.23 Ga Licheng and c. 0.92 Ga Dashigou LIPs) and Langshan rift (west, c. 0.82 Ga Qianlishan LIP). These rifts are genetically related to their contemporaneous LIPs based on their consistent geometry. Spatial migration of these rifts and LIPs indicates their propagation from along one marginal side to the opposite side of the craton, which may have resulted in the sequential breakup of the proto-North China craton from one side to the other during 1.8–0.8 Ga. However, the observation that the lithosphere under the LIP-associated rift regions is less destroyed (decratonized) in the Mesozoic indicates a possible role of LIPs in strengthening intracratonic steady state. This study shows that LIPs may change craton stability in either direction.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of large igneous provinces and their related rifts in the North China craton: role in craton breakup and destruction","authors":"P. Peng, Huiru Xu, Chong Wang, Xiangdong Su, Fengbo Sun, Xinping Wang","doi":"10.1144/SP518-2021-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/SP518-2021-45","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The North China craton is encircled by four successive triple-conjugated rifts, which are respectively the centres of large igneous provinces (LIPs) of bimodal compositions, i.e. Xiong'er rift (south, c. 1.78 Ga Taihang LIP), Yanliao rift (north, c. 1.32 Ga Yanliao LIP), Xuhuai rift (east, c. 1.23 Ga Licheng and c. 0.92 Ga Dashigou LIPs) and Langshan rift (west, c. 0.82 Ga Qianlishan LIP). These rifts are genetically related to their contemporaneous LIPs based on their consistent geometry. Spatial migration of these rifts and LIPs indicates their propagation from along one marginal side to the opposite side of the craton, which may have resulted in the sequential breakup of the proto-North China craton from one side to the other during 1.8–0.8 Ga. However, the observation that the lithosphere under the LIP-associated rift regions is less destroyed (decratonized) in the Mesozoic indicates a possible role of LIPs in strengthening intracratonic steady state. This study shows that LIPs may change craton stability in either direction.","PeriodicalId":22055,"journal":{"name":"Special Publications","volume":"22 1","pages":"129 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90455903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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