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Non-surgical spinal cord infarction: case series & long-term follow-up of functional outcome. 非手术脊髓梗塞:病例系列和功能结果的长期随访。
IF 0.7 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00665-y
Fionán McBride, Jane Anketell, Gavin V McDonnell, Suzanne Maguire, Karen M Doherty

Introduction: Spinal cord infarction is a rare but often devastating disorder. The pathogenesis of most non-surgical cases involves atherothrombosis and treatment with anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents may be indicated. Functional recovery in most cases is poor. We describe five cases of spinal cord infarction and provide details on their functional outcomes after long-term (>10 years) follow-up.

Case presentation: A 28-year-old female presented at 16 weeks gestation with chest and back pain and paraesthesia in her fingers. Magnetic resonance imaging on admission revealed a spinal cord lesion extending from C5-T8. She was treated with anticoagulation and rehabilitation. Six years following presentation she was able to return to work. A 42-year-old male experiencing central chest pain and leg weakness was initially diagnosed as having acute coronary syndrome. Following discharge, he was re-admitted with urinary retention and leg weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spinal cord lesion extending from T4 to T7. He was treated with anticoagulation, and eight months following presentation he regained full muscle strength but required intermittent self-catherisation. Three further cases are described.

Discussion: The aetiology of non-surgical spinal cord infarction is not always evident, but is commonly associated with atherothrombosis. There are often delays in making a diagnosis, but early recognition and prompt treatment of spinal cord infarction is essential. Long-term functional outcomes are often poor and typically reflect the severity of initial presentation. This case series is unique as it has one of the longest follow-up periods described in the literature.

简介脊髓梗死是一种罕见的疾病,但往往具有破坏性。大多数非手术治疗病例的发病机制涉及动脉粥样血栓形成,可能需要使用抗凝剂和抗血小板药物进行治疗。大多数病例的功能恢复较差。我们描述了五例脊髓梗死病例,并详细介绍了长期(超过 10 年)随访后的功能恢复情况:一名 28 岁女性在妊娠 16 周时因胸痛、背痛和手指麻痹就诊。入院时磁共振成像显示脊髓病变延伸至 C5-T8。她接受了抗凝和康复治疗。就诊六年后,她可以重返工作岗位。一名 42 岁的男性患者出现中央胸痛和腿部无力,最初被诊断为急性冠状动脉综合征。出院后,他因尿潴留和腿部无力再次入院。磁共振成像显示,脊髓病变从 T4 扩展到 T7。他接受了抗凝治疗,在发病八个月后,他恢复了全部肌力,但需要间歇性自我采集。本文还介绍了另外三个病例:讨论:非手术脊髓梗死的病因并不总是很明显,但通常与动脉粥样血栓形成有关。脊髓梗死的诊断往往存在延误,但早期识别和及时治疗至关重要。脊髓梗死的长期功能预后通常很差,而且通常反映了最初表现的严重程度。本系列病例是文献中描述的随访时间最长的病例之一,因此具有独特性。
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引用次数: 0
The frequency of osteomyelitis after pressure injury in spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 脊髓损伤压迫伤后骨髓炎的发生频率:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 0.7 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00685-8
Ehsan Jangholi, Seyed Danail Alizadeh, Farzin Farahbakhsh, Vali Baigi, Zahra Ghodsi, Pouya Mahdavi Sharif, Shahriar Ghashghaei, Mahkameh Abbaszadeh, Arman Zeinaddini Meymand, Zahra Eskandari, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar

Study design: A systematic review and meta-analysis OBJECTIVE: To determine the global frequency of osteomyelitis in individuals with spinal cord injury who have pressure injuries (SCI-PI).

Methods: A comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Web of Science has been conducted until November 2023. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews was followed. Cohort and cross-sectional studies included SCI-PI participants who reported the frequency of osteomyelitis without language restriction. Data extraction was performed by four reviewers in two groups. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for quality assessment. The Chi-squared and I2 tests were applied to detect heterogeneity between studies. Also, a random-effects model was performed for the report data.

Results: Ten out of 986 studies met our eligibility criteria, with 492 SCI-PI individuals. It was discovered that most SCIs were thoracolumbar injuries and male. There was a history of PI in more than half the patients. SCI was primarily caused by trauma. A meta-analysis revealed a significantly heterogeneous 43.0% osteomyelitis frequency. There was no evidence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis based on study quality revealed that the frequency of osteomyelitis in low-quality studies was 34.5%, whereas the frequency in high-quality research was 47.4%. Furthermore, the overall frequency of osteomyelitis was 29.0% in the subgroup analysis of research carried out in the USA.

Conclusions: Our study highlights the significant burden of osteomyelitis among SCI-PI individuals. These findings underscore the pressing need for standardized diagnostic and management protocols to mitigate the morbidity associated with osteomyelitis in this vulnerable population.

研究设计:系统综述和荟萃分析 目的:确定脊髓损伤压迫伤(SCI-PI)患者骨髓炎的全球发病率:方法:对 PubMed、EMBASE、Scopus 和 Web of Science 进行了全面检索,检索期至 2023 年 11 月。检索遵循《Cochrane 系统综述手册》。队列研究和横断面研究纳入了报告骨髓炎发生频率的 SCI-PI 参与者,没有语言限制。数据提取由四位审稿人分两组进行。我们采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华质量评估量表进行质量评估。采用Chi-squared和I2检验来检测研究之间的异质性。此外,我们还对报告数据采用了随机效应模型:在 986 项研究中,有 10 项符合我们的资格标准,共涉及 492 名 SCI-PI 患者。研究发现,大多数 SCI 为胸腰椎损伤,且多为男性。半数以上的患者有 PI 病史。SCI 主要由外伤引起。一项荟萃分析显示,骨髓炎的发生率为 43.0%,差异很大。没有证据表明存在发表偏倚。基于研究质量的分组分析显示,低质量研究中骨髓炎的发生率为34.5%,而高质量研究中骨髓炎的发生率为47.4%。此外,在对美国进行的研究进行的分组分析中,骨髓炎的总体发生率为29.0%:我们的研究凸显了骨髓炎给 SCI-PI 患者带来的沉重负担。这些研究结果突出表明,迫切需要制定标准化的诊断和管理方案,以降低骨髓炎在这一弱势群体中的发病率。
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引用次数: 0
The clinical evolution of patients with idiopathic spinal cord herniation: a case series. 特发性脊髓疝患者的临床演变:病例系列。
IF 0.7 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00684-9
Stéphanie Flageol, Sylvine Carrondo-Cottin, André Turmel, Isabelle Côté, Jérôme Paquet

Study design: Retrospective case series of 48 patients.

Objectives: This study's primary objective was to provide a clinical description of a group of individuals with a working diagnosis of idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH). The secondary objectives were to appreciate the natural history of these patients and describe their clinical evolution with conservative or surgical management.

Setting: The study was carried out at l'Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, CHU de Québec (Québec, Canada), a tertiary care university hospital.

Methods: This case series study is based on routinely collected data. Forty-eight (48) cases were identified as having an ISCH on MR imaging, between 2009 and 2019. Their medical files have been searched retrospectively. Patient characteristics were described according to their asymptomatic or symptomatic status.

Results: The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 52.5 years. Most of the patients identified were asymptomatic (69%) and followed clinically. The main neurologic presentation for the symptomatic group was Brown-Séquard-like syndrome. 20% of the symptomatic patients were rapidly treated surgically after consultation with the neurosurgeon. The mean follow-up duration was 56 months for asymptomatic patients and 51 months for symptomatic patients. Most of our patients (41 out of 45) were considered stable or unchanged at follow-up. There was no neurological progression in all asymptomatic patients.

Conclusions: Our study shows that ISCH and its variants are not always symptomatic and may be a fortuitous finding. As the natural history may be non-progressive, it is probably appropriate to treat some cases expectantly.

研究设计48例患者的回顾性病例系列:本研究的主要目的是对一组被诊断为特发性脊髓突出症(ISCH)的患者进行临床描述。次要目的是了解这些患者的自然病史,并描述他们在接受保守治疗或手术治疗后的临床演变情况:研究在魁北克大学儿童医院(CHU de Québec,加拿大魁北克省)l'Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus进行:本病例系列研究基于日常收集的数据。方法:本病例系列研究基于常规收集的数据。2009 年至 2019 年间,有 48 例病例在磁共振成像中被确定为患有 ISCH。对他们的医疗档案进行了回顾性检索。根据患者的无症状或有症状状态对其特征进行了描述:患者确诊时的平均年龄为 52.5 岁。大部分患者无症状(69%),并接受了临床随访。无症状组的主要神经系统表现为布朗-赛夸德样综合征。20%的无症状患者在与神经外科医生会诊后迅速接受了手术治疗。无症状患者的平均随访时间为56个月,有症状患者的平均随访时间为51个月。大多数患者(45 人中有 41 人)在随访时病情稳定或无变化。结论:我们的研究表明,ISCH 及其变异型并不总是有症状的,可能只是偶然发现。由于其自然病史可能是非进展性的,因此对某些病例进行预期治疗可能是合适的。
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引用次数: 0
Resting energy expenditure during spinal cord injury rehabilitation and utility of fat-free mass-based energy prediction equations: a pilot study. 脊髓损伤康复期间的静息能量消耗和基于去脂质量的能量预测方程的实用性:一项试点研究。
IF 0.7 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00682-x
Amy N Nevin, Sridhar S Atresh, Angela Vivanti, Leigh C Ward, Ingrid J Hickman

Study design: Longitudinal observational study. Measurements were undertaken between weeks 4-6 post-spinal cord injury (SCI), repeated at week 8 and every 4 weeks thereafter until week 20 or rehabilitation discharge, whichever occurred first.

Objectives: Observe variation in measured resting energy expenditure (REE) and body composition in males undergoing SCI rehabilitation, compare REE with SCI-specific prediction equations incorporating fat-free mass (FFM), and explore the prevalence of clinical factors that may influence individual REE.

Setting: Spinal Injuries Unit, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Methods: Indirect calorimetry was used to measure REE and bioimpedance spectroscopy to assess body composition. Four SCI-specific FFM-based REE and basal metabolic rate (BMR) prediction equations were compared to measured REE. A clinically significant change in REE was defined as +/- 10% difference from the week 4-6 measurement. Clinical factors that may affect REE variations were collected including infection, pressure injuries, autonomic dysreflexia, spasticity, and medications.

Results: Fifteen people participated (mean age 35 ± 13 years, 67% paraplegic). There was no statistically significant change in mean REE, weight, or body composition, and the Chun and Nightingale BMR prediction equations performed best (rc > 0.8 at all time points). One-third of participants had >10% change in REE on 11 occasions, with clinical factors not consistently associated with the observed changes.

Conclusion: During SCI rehabilitation, mean REE, weight, and body composition remain unchanged, and FFM-based BMR prediction equations may be an acceptable alternative to indirect calorimetry. Future research designs should avoid single indirect calorimetry measures as snapshot data may not represent typical REE in this population.

研究设计:纵向观察研究。在脊髓损伤(SCI)后第 4-6 周进行测量,第 8 周重复测量,此后每 4 周测量一次,直至第 20 周或康复出院(以先发生者为准):观察接受脊髓损伤(SCI)康复治疗的男性静息能量消耗(REE)测量值和身体成分的变化,将REE与SCI特异性预测方程(包含去脂质量(FFM))进行比较,并探索可能影响个体REE的临床因素的普遍性:方法:采用间接热量测定法测量脊髓损伤患者的 REE:方法:采用间接量热法测量 REE,生物阻抗光谱法评估身体成分。将四种基于 SCI 特定 FFM 的 REE 和基础代谢率 (BMR) 预测方程与测得的 REE 进行了比较。与第 4-6 周的测量值相比,REE 的临床重大变化定义为 +/- 10% 的差异。收集了可能影响 REE 变化的临床因素,包括感染、压伤、自主神经反射障碍、痉挛和药物:15 人参加了测量(平均年龄 35 ± 13 岁,67% 截瘫)。平均 REE、体重或身体成分均无统计学意义上的显著变化,Chun 和 Nightingale BMR 预测方程表现最佳(所有时间点的 rc 均大于 0.8)。三分之一的参与者在 11 个场合的 REE 变化大于 10%,临床因素与观察到的变化并不一致:结论:在 SCI 康复期间,平均 REE、体重和身体成分保持不变,基于 FFM 的 BMR 预测方程可能是间接热量测定法的一种可接受的替代方法。未来的研究设计应避免采用单一的间接热量测量法,因为快照数据可能无法代表这类人群的典型 REE。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Ireland, 2017-2022. 2017-2022 年爱尔兰创伤性脊髓损伤流行病学。
IF 0.7 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00683-w
Ili Nadia Binti Mohd Fuad, Éimear Smith

Study design: Retrospective population based study on traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in Ireland.

Objectives: To gather the most recent epidemiological data prior to the implementation of a new national trauma strategy. Also, to consider if the COVID-19 pandemic impacted on SCI epidemiology in Ireland.

Setting: Republic of Ireland.

Methods: All patients with TSCI discharged from the National Rehabilitation Hospital (NRH), the national acute SCI unit and two neurosciences centres were included. The International Spinal Cord Injury Core Data Set was collected on all patients at discharge from rehabilitation between 2017 and 2022.

Results: Overall crude incidence of TSCI was 14 per million per year, ranging between 11.3 and 18.4. 12.7% of patients did not survive to discharge from hospital. In those completing rehabilitation, the mean age of injury onset was 50.1 years (SD 19.9). Males accounted for 75.7%. The most common impairment was incomplete tetraplegia, 45.3% of all TSCI. Leading aetiology was falls, 53.9% of injuries. Patients with incomplete tetraplegia and those whose cause of injury were falls were older than those with all other impairments and injury aetiologies (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Overall incidence of TSCI is similar to our previous studies. Also similar is the predominant pattern of older people sustaining falls resulting in incomplete tetraplegia.

研究设计:目标: 在实施新的国家创伤战略之前,收集最新的流行病学数据:在实施新的国家创伤战略之前收集最新的流行病学数据。同时,考虑COVID-19大流行是否对爱尔兰的SCI流行病学产生影响:地点:爱尔兰共和国:方法:纳入所有从国家康复医院(NRH)、国家急性 SCI 单位和两个神经科学中心出院的 TSCI 患者。国际脊髓损伤核心数据集收集了2017年至2022年间所有康复出院患者的数据:TSCI的总体粗发病率为每年14/100万,介于11.3和18.4之间。12.7%的患者未能康复出院。在完成康复治疗的患者中,受伤时的平均年龄为 50.1 岁(标准差 19.9)。男性占 75.7%。最常见的损伤是不完全四肢瘫痪,占所有TSCI患者的45.3%。主要病因是跌倒,占受伤总数的 53.9%。不完全性四肢瘫痪患者和因跌倒而受伤的患者的年龄比其他所有损伤和受伤病因的患者都要大:TSCI的总体发病率与我们之前的研究结果相似。同样相似的是,跌倒导致不完全四肢瘫痪的主要是老年人。
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引用次数: 0
Cauda equina syndrome with beta thalassemia: a case report. 地中海贫血马尾综合征:病例报告。
IF 0.7 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00681-y
Ahmed Almoallem, Saud Alhamad, Nayef Bin Dajim, Elamir Bachar Harfouch, Shahid Bashir

Introduction: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) related to beta thalassemia with extramedullary hematopoiesis is a rarely reported and challenging clinical presentation. A thorough literature review revealed only a limited number of documented cases, each demonstrating a variety of treatment modalities with divergent outcomes.

Case presentation: In this case, a 29-year-old male with beta thalassemia, undergoing frequent blood transfusions, and with a history of splenectomy, presented with 2 days of worsening in his lower back pain, extending to both lower limbs, numbness, and urinary incontinence. Following the ASIA ISNCSCI scoring system for physical assessment, there was a significant decrease in anal tone and perianal sensation, suggesting possible sacral nerve roots involvement, but no other upper or lower extremities sensory or motor deficits were detected. Provided with the patient history of frequent blood transfusion and Thalassemia for which hematology referral was promoted. Spinal MRI revealed extramedullary hematopoiesis, disc protrusion, and cauda equina compression.

Discussion: Spine surgery, including decompression and laminectomy, resulted in improved back pain and lower limb symptoms during the one-year follow-up. However, persistent sensory impairment and neurogenic bladder necessitated ongoing urological management. The absence of clear guidelines for the management of such cases underscores the need for further data collection and comprehensive outcome reviews.

导言:与髓外造血的β地中海贫血相关的马尾综合征(CES)是一种极少报道且具有挑战性的临床表现。通过全面查阅文献,仅发现了数量有限的记录病例,每个病例都展示了多种治疗方法,但结果却各不相同:在本病例中,一名 29 岁的男性患者患有乙型地中海贫血症,经常接受输血,并有脾脏切除术史,2 天后出现下背部疼痛加剧,并延伸至双下肢、麻木和尿失禁。按照 ASIA ISNCSCI 评分系统进行体格评估后发现,患者的肛门张力和肛周感觉明显下降,这表明他的骶神经根可能受累,但没有发现其他上肢或下肢感觉或运动障碍。根据患者频繁输血和地中海贫血的病史,血液科建议转诊。脊柱磁共振成像显示髓外造血、椎间盘突出和马尾受压:讨论:包括减压和椎板切除术在内的脊柱手术使患者在一年的随访期间背痛和下肢症状得到了改善。然而,持续的感觉障碍和神经源性膀胱需要持续的泌尿科治疗。对于此类病例的管理缺乏明确的指导原则,因此需要进一步收集数据并进行全面的结果审查。
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引用次数: 0
Squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: A case series 慢性脊髓损伤患者的膀胱鳞状细胞癌:病例系列
IF 1.2 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00680-z
Patrick Levien, Jürgen Pannek, Jan Janzen, Jens Wöllner

Introduction

Patients with spinal cord injury/disorder (SCI/D) and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) are on a 16–28 folder higher risk for bladder cancer [1]. Whereas in the general population 90% of bladder tumors are transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) patients with NLUTD have a shift to squamous cell carcinoma with 36,8% and only 46.3% TCC [2]. In addition, there is a significant increase in the bladder cancer-specific death rate in SCI patients (3rd most common) compared to the general population (10th most common) [2]. Chronic inflammation and mechanical irritation by permanent indwelling catheters are discussed as risk factors for developing bladder cancer. Typical symptoms of bladder cancer are often absent in patients with NLUTD and a reliable screening has not been established.

Case presentation

We present a case series of six patients with SCI and with squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed in the last 5 years in our institution. In five patients, bladder management was performed by indwelling suprapubic catheters, one patient used reflex voiding. Three patients were diagnosed during the regular, annual neuro-urological check-up, the remaining due to increasing spasticity and autonomic dysregulation. Subsequently, five patients underwent cystectomy with ileal conduit or uretercutaneostomy, one patient refused further surgical treatment. Four patients died within one year after diagnosis.

Discussion

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is more common in patients with NLUTD. Chronic inflammation and mechanical irritation may be the reasons for carcinoma genesis. A regular check including cystoscopy is strongly recommended to detect tumor development early.

导言脊髓损伤/障碍(SCI/D)和神经源性下尿路功能障碍(NLUTD)患者罹患膀胱癌的风险比常人高出 16-28 倍[1]。在普通人群中,90% 的膀胱肿瘤为过渡细胞癌(TCC),而 NLUTD 患者的膀胱肿瘤中,36.8% 为鳞状细胞癌,TCC 仅占 46.3%[2]。此外,与普通人群(第 10 位)相比,SCI 患者(第 3 位最常见)的膀胱癌特异性死亡率明显增加 [2]。慢性炎症和永久性留置导尿管的机械刺激被认为是罹患膀胱癌的危险因素。NLUTD 患者通常没有膀胱癌的典型症状,可靠的筛查方法也尚未建立。病例介绍我们介绍了本院过去 5 年中确诊的 6 例 SCI 和鳞状细胞癌患者的病例系列。其中五名患者使用耻骨上留置导尿管进行膀胱管理,一名患者使用反射性排尿。其中 3 名患者是在每年定期进行的神经-内科检查中被确诊的,其余患者则是由于痉挛和自主神经调节功能障碍加重而被确诊的。随后,五名患者接受了带回肠导管或输尿管切开术的膀胱切除术,一名患者拒绝进一步手术治疗。讨论膀胱鳞状细胞癌在 NLUTD 患者中更为常见。慢性炎症和机械性刺激可能是导致癌变的原因。强烈建议定期进行检查,包括膀胱镜检查,以便及早发现肿瘤的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Autonomic dysreflexia in patients with cancer and spinal cord injury: a case series. 癌症和脊髓损伤患者的自主神经反射障碍:病例系列。
IF 0.7 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00678-7
Evelyn Qin, Genevieve M Marshall, Lisa Ruppert

Introduction: Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a potentially life-threatening syndrome that can occur in patients with traumatic injury to the spinal cord; however, it has not been well described in patients with non-traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) from cancer and its treatments.

Case presentation: We report four cases of autonomic dysreflexia secondary to primary spinal cord tumors and metastatic disease to the spine, and as sequela to cancer treatment. The clinical characteristics, diagnostic considerations, and therapeutic strategies used to mitigate the symptoms are discussed.

Discussion: The case series shows that AD is a rare but important condition to consider among patients with cancer-related SCI. There is a need for close monitoring and early identification of this syndrome in this population. Therapeutic strategies are available to mitigate these symptoms and risks of complications.

导言:自律神经反射障碍(AD)是一种可能危及生命的综合征,可发生在脊髓外伤患者身上;然而,对于癌症及其治疗导致的非外伤性脊髓损伤(SCI)患者,还没有很好的描述:我们报告了四例继发于原发性脊髓肿瘤和脊柱转移性疾病以及癌症治疗后遗症的自主神经反射障碍病例。讨论:本系列病例表明,在癌症相关 SCI 患者中,AD 是一种罕见但需要考虑的重要病症。有必要对这一人群进行密切监测并及早发现这一综合征。治疗策略可减轻这些症状和并发症的风险。
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引用次数: 0
A patient with cervical ligamentum flavum haematoma: case report. 一名颈部黄韧带血肿患者:病例报告。
IF 0.7 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00679-6
Nixi Xu, Chang Jiang, Zixian Chen, Zhenzhou Feng, Chun Jiang, Yuanwu Cao

Introduction: Ligamentum flavum haematoma (LFH) is an extremely rare entity, found mostly in the lumbar and thoracic ligamentum flavum and seldom in the cervical ligamentum flavum. Cervical LFH can cause paralysis in patients. We describe a case of LFH in the cervical spine that accepted surgical treatment.

Case presentation: A 70-year-old man with incomplete spinal cord injury presented with sudden paralysis of his left limbs for 10 days and hemi-hypaesthesia below the level of the right clavicle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a space-occupying lesion in the left ligamentum flavum between the C4 and C5 laminae. The preliminary diagnoses were concluded to be incomplete spinal cord injury, spinal epidural lesions, and cervical spinal stenosis. After a posterior C3-C6 laminectomy with lateral mass screw instrumentation, the muscle strength and sensation recovered partially. The lesion was greyish black and located in the ligamentum flavum. A pathological examination identified it as a haematoma of the ligamentum flavum. The patient was discharged 15 days after the operation and commenced rehabilitation.

Discussion: The LFH was mainly caused by slight trauma during gentle activities and contributed by many factors. MRI is an essential tool but pathological diagnosis is the gold standard. Most LFH patients can be treated surgically.

简介黄韧带血肿(LFH)是一种极为罕见的疾病,主要发生在腰部和胸部黄韧带,很少发生在颈部黄韧带。颈椎黄韧带瘤可导致患者瘫痪。我们描述了一例接受手术治疗的颈椎LFH病例:一名患有不完全脊髓损伤的 70 岁男子突然左侧肢体瘫痪 10 天,右锁骨水平以下半身麻痹。磁共振成像(MRI)显示,C4 和 C5 椎板之间的左侧黄韧带有占位性病变。初步诊断为不完全脊髓损伤、脊髓硬膜外病变和颈椎管狭窄。在进行了 C3-C6 后椎板切除术和侧方肿块螺钉器械植入术后,患者的肌力和感觉得到了部分恢复。病变呈灰黑色,位于黄韧带。病理检查确定为黄韧带血肿。术后 15 天,患者康复出院:讨论:黄韧带血肿主要是在轻微活动时受到轻微外伤所致,其形成因素很多。磁共振成像是一种重要工具,但病理诊断才是金标准。大多数 LFH 患者可通过手术治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Solitary thoracic spine osteochondroma: a rare cause for spinal cord compression. 孤立性胸椎骨软骨瘤:脊髓压迫的罕见病因。
IF 0.7 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00677-8
Ghassen Gader, Mohamed Amine Gharbi, Mohamed Ali Kharrat, Ahmed Harbaoui, Ihsèn Zammel

Introduction: Osteochondromas, also known as osteocartilaginous exostosis, are among the most common benign cartilaginous bone tumors, primarily occurring as solitary lesions. While typically found in long bones, spinal involvement is rare, accounting for only a small percentage of benign lesions in this location. Solitary osteochondromas responsible for spinal cord compression are seldom.

Case presentation: We describe the case of a 34-year-old male with no significant medical history, presenting with progressive symptoms suggestive of spinal cord compression. Imaging studies revealed a bony lesion originating from the left lateral aspect of the posterior arch of the T8 vertebra, causing spinal cord compression and myelopathy. Surgical intervention was necessary to decompress the spinal cord and obtain histological samples, resulting in immediate postoperative improvement in motor function. Pathologic exam concluded to an osteochondroma.

Discussion: Osteochondromas primarily affect growing bones and are more commonly observed as solitary lesions, particularly in male patients. Spinal involvement is rare, and neurological symptoms are typically indicative of intracanalar extension of the exostosis, leading to compression of neural elements. Imaging modalities such as MRI are crucial for assessing cartilage thickness and the impact of compression on the spinal cord.

简介:骨软骨瘤又称骨软骨外生瘤,是最常见的良性软骨肿瘤之一:骨软骨瘤又称骨软骨外生瘤,是最常见的良性软骨肿瘤之一,主要为单发性病变。虽然通常发生在长骨中,但脊柱受累的情况很少见,只占该部位良性病变的一小部分。导致脊髓受压的单发骨软骨瘤很少见:我们描述了一例 34 岁男性的病例,患者无明显病史,出现进行性症状,提示脊髓受压。影像学检查显示,T8椎体后弓左外侧有一骨质病变,导致脊髓受压和脊髓病变。必须进行手术治疗,为脊髓减压并获取组织学样本,术后患者的运动功能立即得到改善。病理检查结果为骨软骨瘤:讨论:骨软骨瘤主要影响生长中的骨骼,多为单发,尤其是男性患者。脊柱受累的情况很少见,神经症状通常是外骨瘤在椎管内扩展,导致神经元受压。核磁共振成像等成像方式对于评估软骨厚度和压迫对脊髓的影响至关重要。
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Spinal Cord Series and Cases
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