Pub Date : 2023-01-26DOI: 10.1080/1539445X.2023.2169459
P. Kaliyappan, M. Dhananchezian
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effect of various proportions of Ground Tyre Rubber (GTR) blends with Natural Rubber (NR)/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) or NR/Chloroprene Rubber (CR) composites. The NR (95 phr) composites were developed with 5 phr of EPDM or 5 phr of CR along with different ratios of GTR (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 phr) by a two-roll mill and hydraulic press. The interfacial adhesion of NR/EPDM and NR/CR composites was improved with the addition of nylon 6 at 5 phr. Hence, the silica (20 phr) and carbon black (10 phr) were used as conventional fillers in these composites. The mechanical and curing properties of the developed NR-based hybrid composites were evaluated and compared with control samples. It was noted that the maximum tensile strength, tear strength, hardness, and Young’s modulus were increased by 8%, 9.39%, 6.35%, and 18.31% in NR/EPDM/GTR (95/5/10), while for NR/CR/GTR (95/5/10), 17.1%, 10.71%, 6%, and 31.72% over the control sample. The elongation at break was reduced by 29.11% in NR/EPDM/GTR (95/5/10), but for NR/CR/GTR (95/5/10) was 21.65% over the control sample. The cure properties like scorch time (tS2) and cure time (tC90) were decreased, while minimum torque (ML) and maximum torque (MH) were enhanced with the incorporation of GTR 10 phr in both the composites when compared with the control sample. The addition of GTR increased the sulfur in the cured composites, which was confirmed in EDS analysis. Based on the microstructure and thermogravimetric analysis, GTR particles were uniformly distributed, and the thermal stability was increased by 19.6% and 21.5% in NR/EPDM/GTR (95/5/10) and NR/CR/GTR (95/5/10) composites, respectively, over the control sample. The absorption peaks of NR, EPDM, CR, and GTR elements in the developed composite were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In the NR/EPDM composite, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was increased from −60.7°C to −58.17°C, but for the NR/CR composite, it was −61.43°C to −58.96°C. Finally, the inclusion of 10 phr of GTR was recommended to be suitable for NR with EPDM or CR composites.
{"title":"Investigate the effect of ground tyre rubber as a reinforcement filler in natural rubber hybrid composites","authors":"P. Kaliyappan, M. Dhananchezian","doi":"10.1080/1539445X.2023.2169459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2023.2169459","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effect of various proportions of Ground Tyre Rubber (GTR) blends with Natural Rubber (NR)/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) or NR/Chloroprene Rubber (CR) composites. The NR (95 phr) composites were developed with 5 phr of EPDM or 5 phr of CR along with different ratios of GTR (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 phr) by a two-roll mill and hydraulic press. The interfacial adhesion of NR/EPDM and NR/CR composites was improved with the addition of nylon 6 at 5 phr. Hence, the silica (20 phr) and carbon black (10 phr) were used as conventional fillers in these composites. The mechanical and curing properties of the developed NR-based hybrid composites were evaluated and compared with control samples. It was noted that the maximum tensile strength, tear strength, hardness, and Young’s modulus were increased by 8%, 9.39%, 6.35%, and 18.31% in NR/EPDM/GTR (95/5/10), while for NR/CR/GTR (95/5/10), 17.1%, 10.71%, 6%, and 31.72% over the control sample. The elongation at break was reduced by 29.11% in NR/EPDM/GTR (95/5/10), but for NR/CR/GTR (95/5/10) was 21.65% over the control sample. The cure properties like scorch time (tS2) and cure time (tC90) were decreased, while minimum torque (ML) and maximum torque (MH) were enhanced with the incorporation of GTR 10 phr in both the composites when compared with the control sample. The addition of GTR increased the sulfur in the cured composites, which was confirmed in EDS analysis. Based on the microstructure and thermogravimetric analysis, GTR particles were uniformly distributed, and the thermal stability was increased by 19.6% and 21.5% in NR/EPDM/GTR (95/5/10) and NR/CR/GTR (95/5/10) composites, respectively, over the control sample. The absorption peaks of NR, EPDM, CR, and GTR elements in the developed composite were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In the NR/EPDM composite, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was increased from −60.7°C to −58.17°C, but for the NR/CR composite, it was −61.43°C to −58.96°C. Finally, the inclusion of 10 phr of GTR was recommended to be suitable for NR with EPDM or CR composites.","PeriodicalId":22140,"journal":{"name":"Soft Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":"129 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48177531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1539445X.2023.2169457
Sheela Khanapure, Ankith Sherapura, P. T, S. Vootla
ABSTRACT Sericin, a water-soluble protein biopolymer, is usually discarded as a byproduct of the silk processing industries. However, in recent years the applications of sericin biomacromolecule for biomaterial fabrication have increased. The current strategy of sericin hydrogel preparation involves crosslinking with glutaraldehyde or genipin which are known to be cytotoxic and hinder/restrict the biological applications of the end product. Therefore, citric acid, a nontoxic crosslinking agent, was explored for the fabrication of Antheraea mylitta sericin hydrogel films (AmSHF) with and without Polyethylene glycol (PEG). The biophysical characterization of fabricated hydrogel films confirmed the native properties of the natural silk in the regenerated sericin, as well as the AmSHF and appearance of the peak at 1709 cm−1, which indicated crosslinking of the hydrogel films due to the formation of ester bonds resulting in nanoscale roughness of 4.29 nm and amorphous nature with a higher swelling ratio of 18.76 ± 0.058 g/g. The antioxidant nature of sericin was retained even after AmSHF formation as revealed by antioxidant assays. The AmSHF were also found to be cytocompatible and significantly increased the proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. These results open up several possibilities for using these hydrogels as a biomaterial for wound healing and skin tissue regeneration.
{"title":"Fabrication of Antheraea mylitta sericin hydrogel film via non toxic crosslinking citric acid with antioxidant properties","authors":"Sheela Khanapure, Ankith Sherapura, P. T, S. Vootla","doi":"10.1080/1539445X.2023.2169457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2023.2169457","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sericin, a water-soluble protein biopolymer, is usually discarded as a byproduct of the silk processing industries. However, in recent years the applications of sericin biomacromolecule for biomaterial fabrication have increased. The current strategy of sericin hydrogel preparation involves crosslinking with glutaraldehyde or genipin which are known to be cytotoxic and hinder/restrict the biological applications of the end product. Therefore, citric acid, a nontoxic crosslinking agent, was explored for the fabrication of Antheraea mylitta sericin hydrogel films (AmSHF) with and without Polyethylene glycol (PEG). The biophysical characterization of fabricated hydrogel films confirmed the native properties of the natural silk in the regenerated sericin, as well as the AmSHF and appearance of the peak at 1709 cm−1, which indicated crosslinking of the hydrogel films due to the formation of ester bonds resulting in nanoscale roughness of 4.29 nm and amorphous nature with a higher swelling ratio of 18.76 ± 0.058 g/g. The antioxidant nature of sericin was retained even after AmSHF formation as revealed by antioxidant assays. The AmSHF were also found to be cytocompatible and significantly increased the proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. These results open up several possibilities for using these hydrogels as a biomaterial for wound healing and skin tissue regeneration.","PeriodicalId":22140,"journal":{"name":"Soft Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":"102 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49011895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1539445X.2023.2169458
Rana Amache-Vaccaro, Siziwe Bebe, Ravi Prakash
ABSTRACT Carrageenan is an attractive bio-derived polymer electrolyte due to its high ionic conductivity, cyclic stability, and cost-effectiveness in copolymerizing with other biocompatible polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This paper discusses the physical and chemical characterizations of the bio-electrolyte(s): PVA, carrageenan, and PVA-carrageenan copolymer blend. We also describe a fabrication method to create a soft-printed, thin-film, bio-gel electrolytic double-layer capacitor (bio-EDLC) using a PVA-carrageenan polymer blend. The addition of PVA to carrageenan provided structural and mechanical stability to the biopolymer, as confirmed by the hydrogen bonds detected using attenuated Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The assembled bio-EDLCs were analyzed for their electrical properties including their internal charge transfer mechanism, electrical breakdown, specific capacitance, power density, and energy density. It was determined that the bio-EDLC offers specific capacitance of 84 F/g and power density of 4.15E-02 W/kg and has a breakdown voltage of ~1.1 V. Furthermore, preliminary optimization was performed on the bio-EDLC with a drop casting of reduced graphene oxide at the electrode/electrolyte interface to create surface micro-roughness resulting in a bio-EDLC system which demonstrated superior electrical characteristics with an overall specific capacitance of up to 118 F/g, breakdown voltage of ~1.3 V, and improved maximum charging capability to 80%.
{"title":"Soft-assembled, bio-gel electrolytic double layer capacitor system for sustainable energy storage","authors":"Rana Amache-Vaccaro, Siziwe Bebe, Ravi Prakash","doi":"10.1080/1539445X.2023.2169458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2023.2169458","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Carrageenan is an attractive bio-derived polymer electrolyte due to its high ionic conductivity, cyclic stability, and cost-effectiveness in copolymerizing with other biocompatible polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This paper discusses the physical and chemical characterizations of the bio-electrolyte(s): PVA, carrageenan, and PVA-carrageenan copolymer blend. We also describe a fabrication method to create a soft-printed, thin-film, bio-gel electrolytic double-layer capacitor (bio-EDLC) using a PVA-carrageenan polymer blend. The addition of PVA to carrageenan provided structural and mechanical stability to the biopolymer, as confirmed by the hydrogen bonds detected using attenuated Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The assembled bio-EDLCs were analyzed for their electrical properties including their internal charge transfer mechanism, electrical breakdown, specific capacitance, power density, and energy density. It was determined that the bio-EDLC offers specific capacitance of 84 F/g and power density of 4.15E-02 W/kg and has a breakdown voltage of ~1.1 V. Furthermore, preliminary optimization was performed on the bio-EDLC with a drop casting of reduced graphene oxide at the electrode/electrolyte interface to create surface micro-roughness resulting in a bio-EDLC system which demonstrated superior electrical characteristics with an overall specific capacitance of up to 118 F/g, breakdown voltage of ~1.3 V, and improved maximum charging capability to 80%.","PeriodicalId":22140,"journal":{"name":"Soft Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":"117 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42383135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1080/1539445X.2022.2147946
Lucy R. Hart, Charlotta G. Lebedenko, Beatriz G. Goncalves, Mia I. Rico, Dominic J. Lambo, Diego S. Perez, I. Banerjee
ABSTRACT Interaction with components of the extracellular matrix, particularly various forms of collagen, is essential for the design of successful scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Both Type II and Type III collagen are found in various connective tissues in the body, providing stability, wound healing, and in some cases assisting in fibrillogenesis. In this study, we designed short peptide conjugates with phenyl pyrazole moieties and examined their interactions with Type II and III triple helical collagen models. The number of hydrophobic groups was varied by varying the phenyl pyrazole moieties that were conjugated with three separate peptides (SYED; SLKD and SLYD). Molecular dynamics (MD) and docking studies revealed that in most cases conjugating with phenyl pyrazole improved binding affinity and stability compared to neat peptides. Computational studies were also carried out to examine the formation of stable scaffold assemblies using MD simulations by integrating the peptide conjugates with either Type II or III collagen and chondroitin sulfate, in order to mimic the formation of a scaffold. As a proof of concept, we examined the binding interactions of the short peptides with Type II and III collagen using SPR and CD spectroscopy, and then synthesized two of the peptide conjugates and integrated them with either Type II or Type III collagen and chondroitin sulfate by layer-by-layer assembly to develop scaffolds to validate computational results. AFM imaging showed the formation of fibrillary structures. The cytocompatibility of the scaffolds was then examined in the presence of mesenchymal stem cells, that showed the formation of cell-scaffold matrices particularly with SLYD conjugates. Our results indicate that such peptide-pyrazole conjugates, may be developed for designing scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"Exploration of type II and III collagen binding interactions with short peptide-phenyl pyrazole conjugates via docking, molecular dynamics and laboratory experiments","authors":"Lucy R. Hart, Charlotta G. Lebedenko, Beatriz G. Goncalves, Mia I. Rico, Dominic J. Lambo, Diego S. Perez, I. Banerjee","doi":"10.1080/1539445X.2022.2147946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2022.2147946","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Interaction with components of the extracellular matrix, particularly various forms of collagen, is essential for the design of successful scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Both Type II and Type III collagen are found in various connective tissues in the body, providing stability, wound healing, and in some cases assisting in fibrillogenesis. In this study, we designed short peptide conjugates with phenyl pyrazole moieties and examined their interactions with Type II and III triple helical collagen models. The number of hydrophobic groups was varied by varying the phenyl pyrazole moieties that were conjugated with three separate peptides (SYED; SLKD and SLYD). Molecular dynamics (MD) and docking studies revealed that in most cases conjugating with phenyl pyrazole improved binding affinity and stability compared to neat peptides. Computational studies were also carried out to examine the formation of stable scaffold assemblies using MD simulations by integrating the peptide conjugates with either Type II or III collagen and chondroitin sulfate, in order to mimic the formation of a scaffold. As a proof of concept, we examined the binding interactions of the short peptides with Type II and III collagen using SPR and CD spectroscopy, and then synthesized two of the peptide conjugates and integrated them with either Type II or Type III collagen and chondroitin sulfate by layer-by-layer assembly to develop scaffolds to validate computational results. AFM imaging showed the formation of fibrillary structures. The cytocompatibility of the scaffolds was then examined in the presence of mesenchymal stem cells, that showed the formation of cell-scaffold matrices particularly with SLYD conjugates. Our results indicate that such peptide-pyrazole conjugates, may be developed for designing scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":22140,"journal":{"name":"Soft Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":"53 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49624215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.1080/1539445X.2022.2152461
Yong Guo, Linmin Xu, Kai Chen
ABSTRACT Wound dressings have been widely studied because they can temporarily protect and promote wound healing instead of damaged skin. In this paper, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by in situ reduction of gelatin (Gel). Then, AgNPs, chitosan (CS) and PVA were mixed to prepare silver-loaded PVA/CS/Gel hydrogel dressing through freeze-thaw and sodium citrate crosslinking. The properties of AgNPs and hydrogel dressing were evaluated. The results show that the particle size of the AgNPs successfully reduced by Gel is small and uniform. The silver-loaded PVA/CS/Gel hydrogel dressing has a homogeneous mesh structure with good moisture absorption and retention. It can maintain a moist wound environment while absorbing enough wound exudate. The excellent and stable mechanical properties of the hydrogel enable it to avoid external mechanical damage. In addition, the hydrogel shows effective antibacterial properties against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and has good biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity.
{"title":"Preparation and properties of silver-loaded PVA/CS/Gel hydrogel wound dressing","authors":"Yong Guo, Linmin Xu, Kai Chen","doi":"10.1080/1539445X.2022.2152461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2022.2152461","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wound dressings have been widely studied because they can temporarily protect and promote wound healing instead of damaged skin. In this paper, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by in situ reduction of gelatin (Gel). Then, AgNPs, chitosan (CS) and PVA were mixed to prepare silver-loaded PVA/CS/Gel hydrogel dressing through freeze-thaw and sodium citrate crosslinking. The properties of AgNPs and hydrogel dressing were evaluated. The results show that the particle size of the AgNPs successfully reduced by Gel is small and uniform. The silver-loaded PVA/CS/Gel hydrogel dressing has a homogeneous mesh structure with good moisture absorption and retention. It can maintain a moist wound environment while absorbing enough wound exudate. The excellent and stable mechanical properties of the hydrogel enable it to avoid external mechanical damage. In addition, the hydrogel shows effective antibacterial properties against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and has good biocompatibility and no cytotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":22140,"journal":{"name":"Soft Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":"92 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45652975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The incorporation of different functional groups into organic molecules is a common method to construct soft liquid crystalline materials with multiple properties and adjust mesophases from one-dimensional to three-dimensional structures. This article reports the synthesis, characterization, self-assembly, and binding selectivity behaviors of the first isoflavone-based hexacatenar liquid crystalline materials with an isoflavone as central rigid core and two 1,2,3-triazole dendritic wings as terminal functional units. Polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) investigations indicated that all the compounds could self-assemble into rectangular columnar mesophase. The differences in temperature range of mesophase and sequence of mesophase compared with previously reported coumarin-based polycatenars were attributed to the change of position of carbonyl. The optical spectra indicated that these compounds display selectivity for Fe2+ among the different and cations. FT-IR and density functional theory calculations before and after interaction with Fe2+ were employed to demonstrate the recognition sites. The design strategy here provides a simple method to construct supramolecular self-assembly materials with wide properties and potentials.
{"title":"First isoflavone-based hexacatenar derivatives with columnar liquid crystalline self-assembly and binding selectivity behavior","authors":"Nana Li, Xiaoling Xie, Sha Wang, Xiaoqin Yi, Jun Leng, Zhongwen Sun, Zonglin Jiang","doi":"10.1080/1539445X.2022.2151017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2022.2151017","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The incorporation of different functional groups into organic molecules is a common method to construct soft liquid crystalline materials with multiple properties and adjust mesophases from one-dimensional to three-dimensional structures. This article reports the synthesis, characterization, self-assembly, and binding selectivity behaviors of the first isoflavone-based hexacatenar liquid crystalline materials with an isoflavone as central rigid core and two 1,2,3-triazole dendritic wings as terminal functional units. Polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) investigations indicated that all the compounds could self-assemble into rectangular columnar mesophase. The differences in temperature range of mesophase and sequence of mesophase compared with previously reported coumarin-based polycatenars were attributed to the change of position of carbonyl. The optical spectra indicated that these compounds display selectivity for Fe2+ among the different and cations. FT-IR and density functional theory calculations before and after interaction with Fe2+ were employed to demonstrate the recognition sites. The design strategy here provides a simple method to construct supramolecular self-assembly materials with wide properties and potentials.","PeriodicalId":22140,"journal":{"name":"Soft Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":"83 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42997388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a non-viral gene vector of frequent concern because of its high transfection efficiency. However, its clinical application is limited by the cytotoxicity caused by high positive charge density. Therefore, reducing toxicity and maintaining high transfection efficiency through appropriate strategies are of great significance to promote the development of PEI as gene vector. In order to reduce the toxicity of PEI, this work studied the feasibility of encapsulating PEI/DNA complexes by using the coordination between tannic acid (TA) and metal ions (Mn+). Firstly, TA formed a coating layer on the surface of PEI/DNA complex through electrostatic action, and then the quaternary complex (Mn+(TA/PEI/DNA)) system was prepared by the coordination between metal ions and TA. In order to better construct a gene delivery system with high transfection efficiency and low toxicity, the effects of PEI molecular weight, mass ratio of PEI/DNA, mass ratio of TA, and types of metal ions on the transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, particle size, zeta potential, and cell uptake pathway of the quaternary complex were studied. The results showed that the quaternary complex based on PEI70k and encapsulated by coordination between TA and potassium ions showed better safety than PEI70k/DNA while maintaining high transfection efficiency. This showed that the strategy of coordination encapsulation of TA and ions to improve the safety of PEI as gene carrier is feasible, which provides a new reference for the design of gene delivery system based on PEI.
{"title":"Safe and efficient DNA delivery based on tannic acid-ion coordination encapsulation","authors":"Liangqi Liu, Chao Liu, Zhaojun Yang, Yiran Chen, Shuheng Wu, Xin Chen","doi":"10.1080/1539445X.2022.2147945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2022.2147945","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a non-viral gene vector of frequent concern because of its high transfection efficiency. However, its clinical application is limited by the cytotoxicity caused by high positive charge density. Therefore, reducing toxicity and maintaining high transfection efficiency through appropriate strategies are of great significance to promote the development of PEI as gene vector. In order to reduce the toxicity of PEI, this work studied the feasibility of encapsulating PEI/DNA complexes by using the coordination between tannic acid (TA) and metal ions (Mn+). Firstly, TA formed a coating layer on the surface of PEI/DNA complex through electrostatic action, and then the quaternary complex (Mn+(TA/PEI/DNA)) system was prepared by the coordination between metal ions and TA. In order to better construct a gene delivery system with high transfection efficiency and low toxicity, the effects of PEI molecular weight, mass ratio of PEI/DNA, mass ratio of TA, and types of metal ions on the transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, particle size, zeta potential, and cell uptake pathway of the quaternary complex were studied. The results showed that the quaternary complex based on PEI70k and encapsulated by coordination between TA and potassium ions showed better safety than PEI70k/DNA while maintaining high transfection efficiency. This showed that the strategy of coordination encapsulation of TA and ions to improve the safety of PEI as gene carrier is feasible, which provides a new reference for the design of gene delivery system based on PEI.","PeriodicalId":22140,"journal":{"name":"Soft Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":"37 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42893106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-11DOI: 10.1080/1539445X.2022.2119410
Prayas Singh, Samta Manori, Surbhi Sachdev, Ashwani Kumar, K. Raina, R. Shukla
ABSTRACT A new rapid microwave-assisted approach has been employed to prepare the γ-Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (γ-Fe3O4 MNPs). The formation of spherical γ-Fe3O4 MNPs with an average size of 45 nm and bandgap of 2.3 eV is confirmed by FESEM and UV–Visible spectroscopy. γ-Fe3O4 is doped (0.01 wt% and 0.02 wt%) in the lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) lamellar phases of Pluronic F127/N,N dimethylformamide (DMF) to prepare the LLC nanocolloids. Polarizing optical microscopy measurement reveals that γ-Fe3O4 doping does not affect the lamellar LLC structures except 0.02 wt% at 10:90 wt%:wt% system where lamellar to nematic LLC phase transition is observed. Pure LLC phases and nanocolloids are studied for steady and dynamic rheological behavior. LLC phases and LLC nanocolloids possess shear thinning and solid viscoelastic behavior. A complex moduli study of LLCs and LLC nanocolloids is done which indicates the highly elastic strength-based lamellar and nematic phases. Shear-thinning and highly viscoelastic nature of LLCs and LLC nanocolloids have future applications in lubrication, cleaning, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical.
{"title":"Doping of γ -Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in Pluronic F127/ DMF LLCs phases to tune the structural transitions and rheological behavior","authors":"Prayas Singh, Samta Manori, Surbhi Sachdev, Ashwani Kumar, K. Raina, R. Shukla","doi":"10.1080/1539445X.2022.2119410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2022.2119410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new rapid microwave-assisted approach has been employed to prepare the γ-Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (γ-Fe3O4 MNPs). The formation of spherical γ-Fe3O4 MNPs with an average size of 45 nm and bandgap of 2.3 eV is confirmed by FESEM and UV–Visible spectroscopy. γ-Fe3O4 is doped (0.01 wt% and 0.02 wt%) in the lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) lamellar phases of Pluronic F127/N,N dimethylformamide (DMF) to prepare the LLC nanocolloids. Polarizing optical microscopy measurement reveals that γ-Fe3O4 doping does not affect the lamellar LLC structures except 0.02 wt% at 10:90 wt%:wt% system where lamellar to nematic LLC phase transition is observed. Pure LLC phases and nanocolloids are studied for steady and dynamic rheological behavior. LLC phases and LLC nanocolloids possess shear thinning and solid viscoelastic behavior. A complex moduli study of LLCs and LLC nanocolloids is done which indicates the highly elastic strength-based lamellar and nematic phases. Shear-thinning and highly viscoelastic nature of LLCs and LLC nanocolloids have future applications in lubrication, cleaning, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical.","PeriodicalId":22140,"journal":{"name":"Soft Materials","volume":"21 1","pages":"23 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.1080/1539445X.2022.2108842
Cheng-Dong Su, Yijian Shi, J. Gao
ABSTRACT The special photochromic mechanism of spiro-oxazine (SO) refers to low thermostability and weak fatigue resistance. High light transmittance and biocompatibility are the two advantages of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), but it does not perform well in terms of tensile strength. Here, a new type of SO (1-(4'methacryloyloxybutyl)- 3,3-dimethyl-9'-hydroxy- 3H-spiro-naphthyl oxazine) was synthesized and introduced as a photochromic monomer into methyl methacrylate (MMA) system, which is an environment-friendly method. Compared with other photochromic polymers that have been reported, the advantages of this material mainly perform in the following areas: (1) The active group was introduced into the N-alkyl chain of SO and copolymerized with PMMA, and the fading rate of the photochromic polymer was dropped by 76.3% compared to SO. (2) Physical and chemical methods were used to improve the flexibility of PMMA-SO. The tensile strength of polymers has been reduced to 3.92 MPa. It also has a high elongation of 269.84% at a break. (3) PMMA-SO still has a significant fatigue resistance after 25 cycles of UV and visible light irradiation. In the future, it has potential applications in the fields of smart glass, data storage, biomimetic materials, and so on. Graphical abstract
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Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.1080/1539445X.2022.2115512
P. S
ABSTRACT Solid Polymer electrolyte-based energy devices are playing a vital role for future energy sources. Solid state Poly (ethylene Oxide) polymer electrolyte was prepared by incorporating CdS nanoparticles. The precursor Cd(NO3)2 was incorporated in the host polymer to form a film and H2S gas was exposed on the film to convert it into CdS. The host polymer itself acted as a capping agent to reduce the size of CdS nanoparticles. The size distribution of CdS particles inside the matrix and the surface property were studied using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Atomic force microscope (AFM). The functional group present in the composites had been analyzed using Fourier Transform spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrical characteristics of the polymer nano composite electrolyte were characterized using impedance analyzer. The increase in ionic conductivity by varying the ratio of CdS:PEO was observed from the electrical studies.
{"title":"Structural and electrical properties of CdS nanocomposite solid films for electrolyte applications","authors":"P. S","doi":"10.1080/1539445X.2022.2115512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1539445X.2022.2115512","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Solid Polymer electrolyte-based energy devices are playing a vital role for future energy sources. Solid state Poly (ethylene Oxide) polymer electrolyte was prepared by incorporating CdS nanoparticles. The precursor Cd(NO3)2 was incorporated in the host polymer to form a film and H2S gas was exposed on the film to convert it into CdS. The host polymer itself acted as a capping agent to reduce the size of CdS nanoparticles. The size distribution of CdS particles inside the matrix and the surface property were studied using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Atomic force microscope (AFM). The functional group present in the composites had been analyzed using Fourier Transform spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrical characteristics of the polymer nano composite electrolyte were characterized using impedance analyzer. The increase in ionic conductivity by varying the ratio of CdS:PEO was observed from the electrical studies.","PeriodicalId":22140,"journal":{"name":"Soft Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":"479 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47581767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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