{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 86, Issue 6","authors":"V. D. Goyal, T. Magliery","doi":"10.1002/prot.25515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.25515","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22142,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/prot.25515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47445892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Teplyakov, G. Obmolova, Jinquan Luo, G. Gilliland
{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 86, Issue 5","authors":"A. Teplyakov, G. Obmolova, Jinquan Luo, G. Gilliland","doi":"10.1002/prot.25503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.25503","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22142,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/prot.25503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46613019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 86, Issue 4","authors":"H. Batebi, J. Dragelj, P. Imhof","doi":"10.1002/prot.25481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prot.25481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22142,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/prot.25481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42211526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Purcell, P. Dijkstra, B. Finley, M. Hayer, B. Koch, Rebecca L. Mau, E. Morrissey, Katerina Papp, E. Schwartz, Bram W. G. Stone, B. Hungate
{"title":"Quantitative stable isotope probing with H\u0000 2\u0000 18\u0000 O to measure taxon‐specific microbial growth","authors":"A. Purcell, P. Dijkstra, B. Finley, M. Hayer, B. Koch, Rebecca L. Mau, E. Morrissey, Katerina Papp, E. Schwartz, Bram W. G. Stone, B. Hungate","doi":"10.2136/MSA2018.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/MSA2018.0083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22142,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2136/MSA2018.0083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43441691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preferential flow at the darcy scale: Parameters from water content time series","authors":"P. Germann","doi":"10.2136/MSA2016.0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/MSA2016.0121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22142,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2136/MSA2016.0121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45830557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The measurement of soil salinity is a quantifi cation of the total salts present in the liquid portion of the soil. Soil salinity is important in agriculture because salinity reduces crop yields by reducing the osmotic potential, making it more diffi cult for the plant to extract water, by causing specifi c-ion toxicity, by upsetting the nutritional balance of plants, and by aff ecting the tilth and permeability of a soil. A discussion of the principles, methods, and equipment for measuring soil salinity is presented. The discussion provides a basic knowledge of the background, principles, equipment, and current accepted procedures and methodology for measuring soil salinity in the laboratory using electrical conductivity of aqueous extracts from soil samples and measurement of total dissolved solids in the saturated soil extract. Attention is also given to the use of suction cup extractors, porous matrix or salinity sensors, electrical resistivity, and electromagnetic induction to measure salinity in soil lysimeter columns and small fi eld plots (<10 by 10 m). Land resource managers, producers, extension specialists, Natural Resource Conservation Service fi eld staff , undergraduate and graduate students, and university, federal, and state researchers are the benefi ciaries of the information provided.
{"title":"Salinity: Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids","authors":"D. Corwin, Kevin Yemoto","doi":"10.2136/MSA2015.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/MSA2015.0039","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of soil salinity is a quantifi cation of the total salts present in the liquid portion of the soil. Soil salinity is important in agriculture because salinity reduces crop yields by reducing the osmotic potential, making it more diffi cult for the plant to extract water, by causing specifi c-ion toxicity, by upsetting the nutritional balance of plants, and by aff ecting the tilth and permeability of a soil. A discussion of the principles, methods, and equipment for measuring soil salinity is presented. The discussion provides a basic knowledge of the background, principles, equipment, and current accepted procedures and methodology for measuring soil salinity in the laboratory using electrical conductivity of aqueous extracts from soil samples and measurement of total dissolved solids in the saturated soil extract. Attention is also given to the use of suction cup extractors, porous matrix or salinity sensors, electrical resistivity, and electromagnetic induction to measure salinity in soil lysimeter columns and small fi eld plots (<10 by 10 m). Land resource managers, producers, extension specialists, Natural Resource Conservation Service fi eld staff , undergraduate and graduate students, and university, federal, and state researchers are the benefi ciaries of the information provided.","PeriodicalId":22142,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2136/MSA2015.0039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42599266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Field measurements of soil cracks","authors":"R. Stewart, M. Najm","doi":"10.2136/MSA2015.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/MSA2015.0043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22142,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2136/MSA2015.0043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41988453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microbial and Microfaunal Community Dynamics in Artificial and (L.) Burrows","authors":"M. Savin, J. Görres, J. Amador","doi":"10.2136/SSSAJ2004.0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2004.0116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22142,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67764444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under limited water resources, modern irrigation methods tend to save water and improve water and salt regimes within the root zone. This study deals with the combined effects of water application methods and tillage practices on water and salt distributions, runoff production, and soil loss in a field irrigated with moving irrigation systems (MIS). An experiment was conducted in a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Sivon) field at Hazorea, Israel, where the main soil type is vertisol (Typic Chromoxerets). Sprinkling (SP) and flooding (FL) MIS, and conventional (CT) and microbasin (MB) tillage, were compared in terms of runoff and soil loss from runoff microplots (5 m 2 ), soil water content and salinity distribution with depth, yield, and plant height. Under SP conditions, no runoff and soil loss were obtained for either tillage practice. In the FL/CT treatment, the mean runoff and soil loss were about 25% of the irrigation water and 0.59 kg m -2 . The FL/MB treatment reduced the runoff and soil loss to 5.8% and 0.02 kg m -2 , respectively. The soil water contents in the SP treatments were generally lower than in the FL treatments, especially in the 0.1-to 0.6-m soil layer. No significant differences in the soil salinity, plant height, and seed-cotton yield were observed between the treatments. Microbasins tillage reduces water losses under flooding MIS to a point where they become practically similar to those obtained under sprinkler MIS. It can potentially lead to lower water losses if the microbasins storage capacity is matched to the water application rate, to avoid runoff.
在水资源有限的情况下，现代灌溉方法倾向于节约用水和改善根区内的水盐状况。本研究探讨了在移动灌溉系统(MIS)灌溉的农田中，用水方法和耕作方式对水盐分布、径流生产和土壤流失的综合影响。以棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L. cv.)为试验材料。在以色列Hazorea的Sivon油田，那里的主要土壤类型是垂直土壤(典型变色土壤)。研究比较了喷淋(SP)和淹水(FL)、常规(CT)和微盆(MB)耕作方式的径流和土壤流失情况，以及土壤含水量和盐分随深度、产量和株高的分布情况。在SP条件下，两种耕作方式均无径流和土壤流失。在FL/CT处理下，平均径流量和土壤流失量约为灌溉水的25%，为0.59 kg m -2。FL/MB处理使径流和土壤流失量分别减少5.8%和0.02 kg m -2。SP处理土壤含水量普遍低于FL处理，尤其在0.1 ~ 0.6 m土层。土壤盐分、株高和籽棉产量在不同处理间无显著差异。微流域耕作减少了洪水管理信息系统下的水分损失，使其几乎与喷灌管理信息系统下的水分损失相似。如果微流域的储水量与施水量相匹配，以避免径流，可能会导致更低的失水。
{"title":"Effects of Water Applications and Soil Tillage on Water and Salt Distribution in a Vertisol","authors":"S. Assouline, M. Ben-Hur","doi":"10.2136/SSSAJ2003.0852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2003.0852","url":null,"abstract":"Under limited water resources, modern irrigation methods tend to save water and improve water and salt regimes within the root zone. This study deals with the combined effects of water application methods and tillage practices on water and salt distributions, runoff production, and soil loss in a field irrigated with moving irrigation systems (MIS). An experiment was conducted in a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Sivon) field at Hazorea, Israel, where the main soil type is vertisol (Typic Chromoxerets). Sprinkling (SP) and flooding (FL) MIS, and conventional (CT) and microbasin (MB) tillage, were compared in terms of runoff and soil loss from runoff microplots (5 m 2 ), soil water content and salinity distribution with depth, yield, and plant height. Under SP conditions, no runoff and soil loss were obtained for either tillage practice. In the FL/CT treatment, the mean runoff and soil loss were about 25% of the irrigation water and 0.59 kg m -2 . The FL/MB treatment reduced the runoff and soil loss to 5.8% and 0.02 kg m -2 , respectively. The soil water contents in the SP treatments were generally lower than in the FL treatments, especially in the 0.1-to 0.6-m soil layer. No significant differences in the soil salinity, plant height, and seed-cotton yield were observed between the treatments. Microbasins tillage reduces water losses under flooding MIS to a point where they become practically similar to those obtained under sprinkler MIS. It can potentially lead to lower water losses if the microbasins storage capacity is matched to the water application rate, to avoid runoff.","PeriodicalId":22142,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"852-858"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67757804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Tokashiki, T. Hentona, M. Shimo, L. P. V. Arachchi
A successive selective dissolution procedure was improved to distinguish two Mn oxide minerals namely, birnessite (Bs) and lithiophorite (Lp) from Fe oxide minerals in soil Mn nodules. Soil Mn nodules collected from Typic Hapludalfs in Okinawa Island, Japan, were dissolved using successive NaOH, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HAHC), and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) reagents at various temperatures. A test sample was prepared by mixing synthetic Bs, Lp (USNM#8811), natural gibbsite (Gb) and goethite (Ge), and soil clay containing kaolinite, illite, and vermiculite-chlorite intergrade mineral and used as a comparative standard. The NaOH treatment was able to dissolve kaolinite and Gb, concentrated the Bs, Lp, and Ge in the comparative sample. The HAHC treatment at 25°C effectively dissolved Bs but Lp and Ge remained undissolved. A subsequent extraction with HAHC at 60°C dissolved Lp without disturbing Ge. Finally, the DCB treatment was able to dissolve Ge. Thus, extraction with HAHC at 25 and 60°C were useful in distinguishing Bs and Lp respectively from Fe oxides minerals. The proposed method can also be applied to distinguish Mn, Fe, and Al oxide minerals in Fe-Mn nodules of natural soil.
{"title":"Improvement of the Successive Selective Dissolution Procedure for the Separation of Birnessite, Lithiophorite, and Goethite in Soil Manganese Nodules","authors":"Y. Tokashiki, T. Hentona, M. Shimo, L. P. V. Arachchi","doi":"10.2136/SSSAJ2003.0837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2136/SSSAJ2003.0837","url":null,"abstract":"A successive selective dissolution procedure was improved to distinguish two Mn oxide minerals namely, birnessite (Bs) and lithiophorite (Lp) from Fe oxide minerals in soil Mn nodules. Soil Mn nodules collected from Typic Hapludalfs in Okinawa Island, Japan, were dissolved using successive NaOH, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HAHC), and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) reagents at various temperatures. A test sample was prepared by mixing synthetic Bs, Lp (USNM#8811), natural gibbsite (Gb) and goethite (Ge), and soil clay containing kaolinite, illite, and vermiculite-chlorite intergrade mineral and used as a comparative standard. The NaOH treatment was able to dissolve kaolinite and Gb, concentrated the Bs, Lp, and Ge in the comparative sample. The HAHC treatment at 25°C effectively dissolved Bs but Lp and Ge remained undissolved. A subsequent extraction with HAHC at 60°C dissolved Lp without disturbing Ge. Finally, the DCB treatment was able to dissolve Ge. Thus, extraction with HAHC at 25 and 60°C were useful in distinguishing Bs and Lp respectively from Fe oxides minerals. The proposed method can also be applied to distinguish Mn, Fe, and Al oxide minerals in Fe-Mn nodules of natural soil.","PeriodicalId":22142,"journal":{"name":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"837-843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67757736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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