Pub Date : 2022-04-21DOI: 10.1142/s1682648522500019
Ying-Ting Tsai, K. Yeh, L. Yeh
Bacterial contamination on surgical drapes may increase the risk of surgical site infection (SSI). This preliminary investigation analyzed the relationship between forced-air warming devices and bacterial contamination on surgical drapes in small animal soft tissue surgery settings. The subjects of this study were canine and feline patients enrolled in clean surgical procedures at the National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital. Bacterial colonies on surgical drapes were sampled on agar plates immediately prior to and 1[Formula: see text]h after skin incision. Cases with bacteria growth on the post-incision sampled agar were considered with surgical field contamination (SFC). Intraoperative warming methods (forced-air warming systems or circulating water blankets) and other factors that potentially contribute to SFC (drape material, patient features, surgical procedure types, surgeons, and number of operating room personnel) were recorded. The study comprised 57 operations, 28 cases belonged to the circulating water blanket group and 29 belonged to the forced-air warming system group. No differences in contamination rate were detected among intraoperative warming methods, drape materials, patient characteristics, surgical procedure types, or number of operating room personnel. However, a significant difference in contamination rate was detected among surgeons.
{"title":"A STUDY OF WARMING DEVICES AND PERIOPERATIVE FACTORS POTENTIALLY CONTRIBUTING TO SURGICAL FIELD CONTAMINATION IN SMALL ANIMAL PATIENTS","authors":"Ying-Ting Tsai, K. Yeh, L. Yeh","doi":"10.1142/s1682648522500019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1682648522500019","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial contamination on surgical drapes may increase the risk of surgical site infection (SSI). This preliminary investigation analyzed the relationship between forced-air warming devices and bacterial contamination on surgical drapes in small animal soft tissue surgery settings. The subjects of this study were canine and feline patients enrolled in clean surgical procedures at the National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital. Bacterial colonies on surgical drapes were sampled on agar plates immediately prior to and 1[Formula: see text]h after skin incision. Cases with bacteria growth on the post-incision sampled agar were considered with surgical field contamination (SFC). Intraoperative warming methods (forced-air warming systems or circulating water blankets) and other factors that potentially contribute to SFC (drape material, patient features, surgical procedure types, surgeons, and number of operating room personnel) were recorded. The study comprised 57 operations, 28 cases belonged to the circulating water blanket group and 29 belonged to the forced-air warming system group. No differences in contamination rate were detected among intraoperative warming methods, drape materials, patient characteristics, surgical procedure types, or number of operating room personnel. However, a significant difference in contamination rate was detected among surgeons.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84866324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.1142/s168264852172001x
N. Thongrueang, Hsu-Hsun Lee
A five-day-old Holstein Friesian male calf was presented for the evaluation of severe fetlock flexural deformities with a large pressure ulcer over the right metacarpal bone. Superficial and deep digital flexor tenotomy was performed. The surgical wound recovered well, but 15 days after surgery, the skin over the pressure ulcer was starting to fall away and exposing tendon and muscle. A hoof toe-extension shoe was applied to decrease pressure on the wound. The wound had a moderate bacterial infection and slowly responded to cleansing twice a day with 0.9% normal saline, 10% povidone iodine and a topical antibiotic. Topical autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was then applied to the lesion ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm) twice. The wound showed rapid tissue regeneration, good quality wound healing and no complications. After PRP treatment, the lesion size decreased ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm). At this point, 0.9% normal saline cleansing and a bandage were applied until the wound had completely healed. This case report suggests that the hoof toe-extension shoe and topical dressing with autologous PRP, as a combination treatment, could be effective for fetlock flexural deformities with skin defects or delayed wound healing in large animals.
{"title":"ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY FOR FETLOCK FLEXURAL DEFORMITIES ACCOMPANIED BY A DEEP TISSUE INJURY IN A CALF: A CASE REPORT","authors":"N. Thongrueang, Hsu-Hsun Lee","doi":"10.1142/s168264852172001x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s168264852172001x","url":null,"abstract":"A five-day-old Holstein Friesian male calf was presented for the evaluation of severe fetlock flexural deformities with a large pressure ulcer over the right metacarpal bone. Superficial and deep digital flexor tenotomy was performed. The surgical wound recovered well, but 15 days after surgery, the skin over the pressure ulcer was starting to fall away and exposing tendon and muscle. A hoof toe-extension shoe was applied to decrease pressure on the wound. The wound had a moderate bacterial infection and slowly responded to cleansing twice a day with 0.9% normal saline, 10% povidone iodine and a topical antibiotic. Topical autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was then applied to the lesion ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm) twice. The wound showed rapid tissue regeneration, good quality wound healing and no complications. After PRP treatment, the lesion size decreased ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm). At this point, 0.9% normal saline cleansing and a bandage were applied until the wound had completely healed. This case report suggests that the hoof toe-extension shoe and topical dressing with autologous PRP, as a combination treatment, could be effective for fetlock flexural deformities with skin defects or delayed wound healing in large animals.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74995862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-04DOI: 10.1142/s1682648521500049
Y. Hsiao, Yun-Wen Peng, Pin-Huan Yu
Monitoring blood pressure helps a clinical veterinarian assess various conditions in birds. Blood pressure is not only a bio-indicator of renal or cardiovascular disease but is also a vital indicator for anesthesia. Anesthetic- and sedation-related mortality is higher in birds than dogs or cats. The traditional method of blood pressure measurement in mammals mainly relies on indirect methods. However, indirect blood pressure measurement is not reliable in birds, making the direct method the only gold standard. Although an arterial catheter can provide continuous real-time arterial pressure in birds, the method requires technical skill and is limited by bird size, and is thus not practical in birds with circulatory collapse. Intra-osseous (IO) blood pressure is potentially related to arterial pressure and may be a much easier and safer technique that is less limited by animal size. However, the relationship between IO pressure and arterial blood pressure has not been established. This study used mathematical methods to determine the relationship between IO pressure and arterial blood pressure. The Granger causality (G.C.) theory was applied in the study and used to analyze which pressure signal was leading the other. Our findings suggest that IO pressure is G.C. by arterial blood pressure; thus, the use of IO pressure measurements as an alternative to arterial blood pressure measurement is a rational approach.
{"title":"GRANGER CAUSALITY ANALYSIS BETWEEN INTRA-OSSEOUS PRESSURE AND ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN AFRICAN GREY PARROTS (PSITTACUS ERITHACUS)","authors":"Y. Hsiao, Yun-Wen Peng, Pin-Huan Yu","doi":"10.1142/s1682648521500049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1682648521500049","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring blood pressure helps a clinical veterinarian assess various conditions in birds. Blood pressure is not only a bio-indicator of renal or cardiovascular disease but is also a vital indicator for anesthesia. Anesthetic- and sedation-related mortality is higher in birds than dogs or cats. The traditional method of blood pressure measurement in mammals mainly relies on indirect methods. However, indirect blood pressure measurement is not reliable in birds, making the direct method the only gold standard. Although an arterial catheter can provide continuous real-time arterial pressure in birds, the method requires technical skill and is limited by bird size, and is thus not practical in birds with circulatory collapse. Intra-osseous (IO) blood pressure is potentially related to arterial pressure and may be a much easier and safer technique that is less limited by animal size. However, the relationship between IO pressure and arterial blood pressure has not been established. This study used mathematical methods to determine the relationship between IO pressure and arterial blood pressure. The Granger causality (G.C.) theory was applied in the study and used to analyze which pressure signal was leading the other. Our findings suggest that IO pressure is G.C. by arterial blood pressure; thus, the use of IO pressure measurements as an alternative to arterial blood pressure measurement is a rational approach.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78822965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-04DOI: 10.1142/s1682648521500050
Chia-Ling Pai, Jeng-Rung Chen, Hui Lin, Shiun-Long Lin
An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, potentially leading to damage, is termed as ‘oxidative stress’. Some studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may increase in resistance of the aqueous humor drainage or induce the rearrangement of human trabecular meshwork and result in glaucoma finally. An eight-week d-galactose injection was used to mimic high oxidative stress rats. Behavior tests, fundus images, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber diameter (ACDia) and pupil diameter (PD) were investigated. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and serum were taken for antioxidant capability of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the amount of nitric oxide (NO). After perfusion, Müller’s cells and astrocyte, microglial and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) were labeled. The activities of SOD were decreased after induction. The spatial memory ability and muscular endurance were impaired through Morris water maze (MWM) and weight-loaded forced swimming test. These results demonstrated that oxidative stress was exacerbated by d-galactose. The IOP was gradually increased in the third week after d-galactose induction. Immunohistochemical stains showed that the density of Müller’s cells, astrocytes and microglia increased in d-galactose group. Microglia mostly became active. These data indicate that oxidative stress may result in the impairment of behavior, increase of Müller’s cells, astrocyte and microglia which is induced by d-galactose. The correlation between oxidative stress and elevation of IOP should be further studied. These may involve in the pathologies of aging or other neurodegenerative disease.
{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS ON THE EYES OF SPRAGUE–DAWLEY RATS","authors":"Chia-Ling Pai, Jeng-Rung Chen, Hui Lin, Shiun-Long Lin","doi":"10.1142/s1682648521500050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1682648521500050","url":null,"abstract":"An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, potentially leading to damage, is termed as ‘oxidative stress’. Some studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may increase in resistance of the aqueous humor drainage or induce the rearrangement of human trabecular meshwork and result in glaucoma finally. An eight-week d-galactose injection was used to mimic high oxidative stress rats. Behavior tests, fundus images, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber diameter (ACDia) and pupil diameter (PD) were investigated. Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and serum were taken for antioxidant capability of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the amount of nitric oxide (NO). After perfusion, Müller’s cells and astrocyte, microglial and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) were labeled. The activities of SOD were decreased after induction. The spatial memory ability and muscular endurance were impaired through Morris water maze (MWM) and weight-loaded forced swimming test. These results demonstrated that oxidative stress was exacerbated by d-galactose. The IOP was gradually increased in the third week after d-galactose induction. Immunohistochemical stains showed that the density of Müller’s cells, astrocytes and microglia increased in d-galactose group. Microglia mostly became active. These data indicate that oxidative stress may result in the impairment of behavior, increase of Müller’s cells, astrocyte and microglia which is induced by d-galactose. The correlation between oxidative stress and elevation of IOP should be further studied. These may involve in the pathologies of aging or other neurodegenerative disease.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"66 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72634084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-03DOI: 10.1142/s1682648521500025
Yen-Chen Chang, Hui-Wen Chang, H. Chiou, C. Jeng, V. Pang, Yen-Chen Chang
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the major cause of serious porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs) causing significant economic losses in the pig industry. The PCV2 vaccines have proved effective by lowering serum and tissue viral loads. However, little is known about its effects on the cellular functions of viral target cells in pigs. For this, blood samples from 38 vaccinated and 34 non-vaccinated, 12–14 week-old, clinically healthy and PCV2-infected pigs in a commercial farm were sampled and anticoagulated. The viral load in plasma and the cellular proliferation and mRNA expression levels of IL-1 [Formula: see text], IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-[Formula: see text] of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with or without concanavalin A (Con A) and PCV2 stimulation in vitro were then investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Compared with the non-vaccinated pigs, the average viral loads in the plasma and cultivated PBMCs were reduced in the PCV2-vaccinated pigs. Significant differences in the aspects of increased cell proliferation, decreased average viral loads in PBMCs three days after Con A stimulation, increased mRNA expression levels of IL-2 and IFN-[Formula: see text] after re-exposure to PCV2, and decreased levels of IL-1 [Formula: see text], IL-4 and IL-8 after Con A or PCV2 stimulation were also noted in the PCV2-vaccinated pigs. The results suggested that the PCV2-vaccinated pigs were likely to develop better cell-mediated immunity than the non-vaccinated pigs.
猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)是严重猪圆环病毒相关疾病(PCVADs)的主要病因，给养猪业造成重大经济损失。PCV2疫苗已被证明通过降低血清和组织病毒载量而有效。然而，其对猪体内病毒靶细胞功能的影响尚不清楚。为此，从一个商业农场的38头接种疫苗的猪和34头未接种疫苗的猪，12-14周龄，临床健康和pcv2感染的猪中取样并进行抗凝血。采用实时聚合酶链反应和流式细胞术检测体外刺激或不刺激connavalin A (Con A)和PCV2的外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)血浆病毒载量及细胞增殖和IL-1、IL-2、IL-4、IL-8、IL-10和IFN- mRNA表达水平。与未接种pcv2疫苗的猪相比，接种pcv2疫苗的猪血浆和培养的pbmc中的平均病毒载量降低。在Con A或PCV2刺激后，接种PCV2疫苗的猪在细胞增殖增加、平均病毒载量下降、再次暴露于PCV2后IL-2和IFN- mRNA表达水平升高、IL-1[公式:见文本]、IL-4和IL-8水平降低等方面也存在显著差异。结果表明，接种pcv2疫苗的猪可能比未接种疫苗的猪产生更好的细胞介导免疫。
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS OF PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE 2 (PCV2) VACCINATION ON CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN PIGS IN A TAIWAN PIG FARM","authors":"Yen-Chen Chang, Hui-Wen Chang, H. Chiou, C. Jeng, V. Pang, Yen-Chen Chang","doi":"10.1142/s1682648521500025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1682648521500025","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the major cause of serious porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs) causing significant economic losses in the pig industry. The PCV2 vaccines have proved effective by lowering serum and tissue viral loads. However, little is known about its effects on the cellular functions of viral target cells in pigs. For this, blood samples from 38 vaccinated and 34 non-vaccinated, 12–14 week-old, clinically healthy and PCV2-infected pigs in a commercial farm were sampled and anticoagulated. The viral load in plasma and the cellular proliferation and mRNA expression levels of IL-1 [Formula: see text], IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-[Formula: see text] of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with or without concanavalin A (Con A) and PCV2 stimulation in vitro were then investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Compared with the non-vaccinated pigs, the average viral loads in the plasma and cultivated PBMCs were reduced in the PCV2-vaccinated pigs. Significant differences in the aspects of increased cell proliferation, decreased average viral loads in PBMCs three days after Con A stimulation, increased mRNA expression levels of IL-2 and IFN-[Formula: see text] after re-exposure to PCV2, and decreased levels of IL-1 [Formula: see text], IL-4 and IL-8 after Con A or PCV2 stimulation were also noted in the PCV2-vaccinated pigs. The results suggested that the PCV2-vaccinated pigs were likely to develop better cell-mediated immunity than the non-vaccinated pigs.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78125760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1142/s1682648522500056
Tung-Hsuan Tsai, Chia-Yi Chang, Fun-In Wang
Viral vectors serve as promising tools for the development of novel multivalent or multipathogen vaccines. Poliovirus (of the family Picornaviridae) vectors offer the advantages of small genome size, ease of manipulation, inherent stability in the intestinal tract, and induction of potent mucosal immunity through oral administration. Porcine teschovirus (PTV), also belonging to Picornaviridae, generally causes asymptomatic infections in pigs. PTV’s wide tissue tropism suggests that it can act as a potential vector for vaccine development; however, no infectious PTV cDNA clone has been reported yet. In this study, infectious PTV cDNA was cloned and recombinant porcine teschovirus (rPTV) was constructed with a unique XhoI site introduced into 2A, as well as substitution of the G–H loop sequence “RNNQIPQDF” of VP1 by an 8-histidine marker which helps to differentiate it from the parental PTV. Subsequently, the coding sequence of a small fluorescent protein, iLOV, was incorporated into the XhoI site to rescue the recombinant rPTV-iLOV virus, allowing for direct visualization of the viral infection. These rescued viruses were replication-competent and antigenically identical to the parental virus, but showed attenuation due to an impaired self-cleaving function caused by the insertion of iLOV into the 2A protease site, as assessed by a double reporter expressing system. This rescued recombinant virus shows potential for the development of attenuated vaccines with few safety concerns and may serve as an important tool to visually study virus–cell interactions.
{"title":"THE FEASIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTING A PORCINE TESCHOVIRUS INFECTIOUS cDNA CLONE TAGGED WITH iLOV FLUORESCENT PROTEIN RESCUED AS A VISIBLE MARKER VIRUS","authors":"Tung-Hsuan Tsai, Chia-Yi Chang, Fun-In Wang","doi":"10.1142/s1682648522500056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1682648522500056","url":null,"abstract":"Viral vectors serve as promising tools for the development of novel multivalent or multipathogen vaccines. Poliovirus (of the family Picornaviridae) vectors offer the advantages of small genome size, ease of manipulation, inherent stability in the intestinal tract, and induction of potent mucosal immunity through oral administration. Porcine teschovirus (PTV), also belonging to Picornaviridae, generally causes asymptomatic infections in pigs. PTV’s wide tissue tropism suggests that it can act as a potential vector for vaccine development; however, no infectious PTV cDNA clone has been reported yet. In this study, infectious PTV cDNA was cloned and recombinant porcine teschovirus (rPTV) was constructed with a unique XhoI site introduced into 2A, as well as substitution of the G–H loop sequence “RNNQIPQDF” of VP1 by an 8-histidine marker which helps to differentiate it from the parental PTV. Subsequently, the coding sequence of a small fluorescent protein, iLOV, was incorporated into the XhoI site to rescue the recombinant rPTV-iLOV virus, allowing for direct visualization of the viral infection. These rescued viruses were replication-competent and antigenically identical to the parental virus, but showed attenuation due to an impaired self-cleaving function caused by the insertion of iLOV into the 2A protease site, as assessed by a double reporter expressing system. This rescued recombinant virus shows potential for the development of attenuated vaccines with few safety concerns and may serve as an important tool to visually study virus–cell interactions.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82802818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1142/s1682648521500013
Chao-Nan Lin, M. Chiou, F. Hsueh, Wei-Hao Lin, Chuen-Fu Lin, Cheng-Yao Yang, Shara Png Si Wei
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) causes clinical symptoms characterized by severe diarrhea and vomiting in neonatal piglets and pregnant sows, which is similar to those resulted from transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Since PEDV was considered as the dominant enteric virus all round the world, PDCoV has been unwittingly overlooked due to its indistinguishable clinical signs with other porcine coronaviruses and relatively low death rates in the pig farm. Specimens which have been previously performed for the detection of PEDV in Animal Disease and Diagnostic Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST) from January 5, 2015 to January 11, 2016 were examined by a novel universal probe library (UPL) probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 527 clinical specimens from pigs with diarrhea suspected were examined for PDCoV. Positive rates of PDCoV in small intestine and rectal swab were 4.3% (13/305) and 1.8% (4/222), respectively. Collectively, as to the total specimens, the detection rate is 3.2% (17/527). Our results provide development of a UPL probe-based real-time PCR assay and retrospective investigation of potentially circulating PDCoVs in the field in the whole 2015 and early 2016.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A UPL PROBE-BASED REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY OF PORCINE DELTACORONAVIRUS IN TAIWAN","authors":"Chao-Nan Lin, M. Chiou, F. Hsueh, Wei-Hao Lin, Chuen-Fu Lin, Cheng-Yao Yang, Shara Png Si Wei","doi":"10.1142/s1682648521500013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1682648521500013","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) causes clinical symptoms characterized by severe diarrhea and vomiting in neonatal piglets and pregnant sows, which is similar to those resulted from transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Since PEDV was considered as the dominant enteric virus all round the world, PDCoV has been unwittingly overlooked due to its indistinguishable clinical signs with other porcine coronaviruses and relatively low death rates in the pig farm. Specimens which have been previously performed for the detection of PEDV in Animal Disease and Diagnostic Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST) from January 5, 2015 to January 11, 2016 were examined by a novel universal probe library (UPL) probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 527 clinical specimens from pigs with diarrhea suspected were examined for PDCoV. Positive rates of PDCoV in small intestine and rectal swab were 4.3% (13/305) and 1.8% (4/222), respectively. Collectively, as to the total specimens, the detection rate is 3.2% (17/527). Our results provide development of a UPL probe-based real-time PCR assay and retrospective investigation of potentially circulating PDCoVs in the field in the whole 2015 and early 2016.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81800706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-23DOI: 10.1142/S1682648520500134
Sze-Min Chan, Hui-Wen Chang, P. Tsai, C. Jeng, Hao Lee, Yi-Ying Wu, Chung-Tien Lin
Dry eye syndrome (DES), is one of the most common and irritating ocular diseases in humans and animals due to deficits in quantities or/and quality of tear film. In this study, a rat model of experimental DES has been developed using the cholinergic inhibitor, scopolamine hydrobromide (SCOP), at the dose of 25[Formula: see text]mg/rat/day via subcutaneous injection, for a consecutive 21 days without low humidity environment. Clinical ophthalmic evaluations were performed by tear volume assessment using endodontic paper point, slit-lamp biomicroscope, and fluorescein staining at day 0, 7, 14, and 21 post-inductions. The results of ophthalmic examination showed that rats with SCOP treatment reduced about 40% of tear secretion. Half of the SCOP-treated rats exhibited diffuse corneal fluorescein staining involving 80% of the corneal surface, minimal keratoconjunctivitis, roughened corneal surface and thin corneal epithelium under histopathological examination. About 30% of the rats showed variable infiltration of lymphocytes in between the tubular acinar glands. This animal model with significant reduction of tear production and diffuse corneal fluorescein staining in rats could be used for the preclinical assessment of therapeutic interventions.
{"title":"CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SCOPOLAMINE HYDROBROMIDE INDUCED DRY EYE SYNDROME IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS","authors":"Sze-Min Chan, Hui-Wen Chang, P. Tsai, C. Jeng, Hao Lee, Yi-Ying Wu, Chung-Tien Lin","doi":"10.1142/S1682648520500134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1682648520500134","url":null,"abstract":"Dry eye syndrome (DES), is one of the most common and irritating ocular diseases in humans and animals due to deficits in quantities or/and quality of tear film. In this study, a rat model of experimental DES has been developed using the cholinergic inhibitor, scopolamine hydrobromide (SCOP), at the dose of 25[Formula: see text]mg/rat/day via subcutaneous injection, for a consecutive 21 days without low humidity environment. Clinical ophthalmic evaluations were performed by tear volume assessment using endodontic paper point, slit-lamp biomicroscope, and fluorescein staining at day 0, 7, 14, and 21 post-inductions. The results of ophthalmic examination showed that rats with SCOP treatment reduced about 40% of tear secretion. Half of the SCOP-treated rats exhibited diffuse corneal fluorescein staining involving 80% of the corneal surface, minimal keratoconjunctivitis, roughened corneal surface and thin corneal epithelium under histopathological examination. About 30% of the rats showed variable infiltration of lymphocytes in between the tubular acinar glands. This animal model with significant reduction of tear production and diffuse corneal fluorescein staining in rats could be used for the preclinical assessment of therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89764089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An 8-year-old, castrated male, Jack Russell Terrier was presented with clinical signs of uveitis and glaucoma in the right eye (oculus dexter (OD)) for 2–3 months. Ophthalmic examination revealed OD episcleral congestion, corneal vascularization, aqueous flare, iris bombe, and vision loss. OD glaucoma and uveitis were under control by medical treatment. After 8 months, the dog had acute uveitis in the left eye (oculus sinister (OS)). General physical examination, blood examinations, radiography, and urinalysis were unremarkable. No improvement was observed after for 1 month of uveitis treatment, and more examinations were strongly suggested. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed several hypoechoic masses or cysts on both kidneys. Computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse nonenhancing hypodense patches in both kidneys. Renal tumor was highly suspected, but biopsy was declined by the owner. Ten days after CT examination, the dog suddenly developed anorexia, weakness, uremia, hyperkalemia, and polycythemia. The dog was euthanatized because of the worsening clinical condition, poor prognosis, and financial constraints, and both kidneys were biopsied for histopathology. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for B-cell marker (CD20) and negative for T-cell marker (CD3). Bilateral renal B-cell origin lymphoma was diagnosed by histologic and immunophenotyping examinations. In conclusion, bilateral renal lymphoma may be diagnosed with no systemic signs except bilateral uveitis. Renal function impairment was acutely developed with severe clinical signs at the end stage of the disease. Early, aggressive, complete examinations, and treatments are strongly recommended.
{"title":"A CASE OF BILATERAL RENAL B-CELL LYMPHOMA WITH UVEITIS AND SECONDARY POLYCYTHEMIA IN A JACK RUSSELL TERRIER","authors":"Shu-Fang Yang, Heng-Leng Yang, Hui-Wen Chang, Yun-Han Hsieh, Peng-Chen Wang, Kwo-Chen Hu, Jian-Xi Yu, S. Liang","doi":"10.1142/S1682648520720038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1682648520720038","url":null,"abstract":"An 8-year-old, castrated male, Jack Russell Terrier was presented with clinical signs of uveitis and glaucoma in the right eye (oculus dexter (OD)) for 2–3 months. Ophthalmic examination revealed OD episcleral congestion, corneal vascularization, aqueous flare, iris bombe, and vision loss. OD glaucoma and uveitis were under control by medical treatment. After 8 months, the dog had acute uveitis in the left eye (oculus sinister (OS)). General physical examination, blood examinations, radiography, and urinalysis were unremarkable. No improvement was observed after for 1 month of uveitis treatment, and more examinations were strongly suggested. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed several hypoechoic masses or cysts on both kidneys. Computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse nonenhancing hypodense patches in both kidneys. Renal tumor was highly suspected, but biopsy was declined by the owner. Ten days after CT examination, the dog suddenly developed anorexia, weakness, uremia, hyperkalemia, and polycythemia. The dog was euthanatized because of the worsening clinical condition, poor prognosis, and financial constraints, and both kidneys were biopsied for histopathology. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for B-cell marker (CD20) and negative for T-cell marker (CD3). Bilateral renal B-cell origin lymphoma was diagnosed by histologic and immunophenotyping examinations. In conclusion, bilateral renal lymphoma may be diagnosed with no systemic signs except bilateral uveitis. Renal function impairment was acutely developed with severe clinical signs at the end stage of the disease. Early, aggressive, complete examinations, and treatments are strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":22157,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Veterinary Journal","volume":"280 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80139058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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