Sakaria N. Dina, Zainal Abidin M. H. Shah, Azman N. Raudhah, A. U. Aisah
Abstract The industry is challenged to replace toxic chemical-based surfactants with environmentally friendly and biodegradable surfactants. In this study, binary mixtures of sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (SLSA) and an alkyl polyglucoside (APG10) in various proportions were investigated for their effectiveness as degreasing agents. Efficacy was characterised using surface tension measurements, oil dispersion tests, emulsification, pH and cleaning efficacy in removing engine oil from a metal plate. The surface tension results for all solutions showed a critical micelle concentration of 1500 ppm. The dispersion tests (with oil:surfactant ratios of 1:2 and 1:3) showed that the oil was fully dispersed at an oil:surfactant ratio of 1:2 i.e., at a concentration of 2500 ppm SLSA and 2000 ppm of a binary solution with a volume ratio of SLSA:APG10 of 75:25. At a ratio of 1:3, the oil was fully dispersed with 2500 ppm of a binary solution with a ratio of SLSA:APG10 of 75:25. Overall, the solution with a volume ratio of SLSA:APG10 of 75:25 was the most favourable. The results also showed that a solution containing only SLSA had good potential as a degreaser, as it achieved a cleaning performance of 90% in removing oil from the metal plate despite low emulsification levels (E24) for both surfactants. In summary, a combination of these two green surfactants can be used effectively as a degreasing agent.
{"title":"Potential of binary mixtures of sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (SLSA) and alkyl polyglucoside (APG10) as oil degreaser","authors":"Sakaria N. Dina, Zainal Abidin M. H. Shah, Azman N. Raudhah, A. U. Aisah","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2022-2454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2022-2454","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The industry is challenged to replace toxic chemical-based surfactants with environmentally friendly and biodegradable surfactants. In this study, binary mixtures of sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (SLSA) and an alkyl polyglucoside (APG10) in various proportions were investigated for their effectiveness as degreasing agents. Efficacy was characterised using surface tension measurements, oil dispersion tests, emulsification, pH and cleaning efficacy in removing engine oil from a metal plate. The surface tension results for all solutions showed a critical micelle concentration of 1500 ppm. The dispersion tests (with oil:surfactant ratios of 1:2 and 1:3) showed that the oil was fully dispersed at an oil:surfactant ratio of 1:2 i.e., at a concentration of 2500 ppm SLSA and 2000 ppm of a binary solution with a volume ratio of SLSA:APG10 of 75:25. At a ratio of 1:3, the oil was fully dispersed with 2500 ppm of a binary solution with a ratio of SLSA:APG10 of 75:25. Overall, the solution with a volume ratio of SLSA:APG10 of 75:25 was the most favourable. The results also showed that a solution containing only SLSA had good potential as a degreaser, as it achieved a cleaning performance of 90% in removing oil from the metal plate despite low emulsification levels (E24) for both surfactants. In summary, a combination of these two green surfactants can be used effectively as a degreasing agent.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43750728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The surface tension (σ), critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess (Γ), minimum area occupied by a surfactant molecule (Amin), the viscosity and oscillatory rheological studies of aqueous solutions containing cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) at molar fractions of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 and 25 °C were presented. CAPB and SDBS were not found to interact synergistically in water at any of the molar fractions studied. This is due to the fact that the critical micelle concentrations of these mixtures were higher than those predicted by Clint’s equation, indicating an antagonism that rarely occurs in mixed amphoteric/anionic surfactant systems. The minimum area occupied by a surfactant molecule (Amin) was reduced in CAPB/SDBS mixtures compared to unmixed surfactants. In contrast, the viscosity of the mixed CAPB/SDBS system increased significantly from 1.0 mPa s to a maximum of 36.0 Pa s at higher CAPB mole fractions (0.5–0.8). The rheograms obtained from the oscillation measurements of the viscous CAPB/SDBS solutions are characteristic of wormlike micelles (WLMs) according to the Maxwell model. The results of this surprising binary CAPB/SDBS surfactant mixing system are presented and discussed.
摘要介绍了含有椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱（CAPB）和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）的水溶液在0.00、0.25、0.50、0.75和1.00的摩尔分数和25°C下的表面张力（σ）、临界胶束浓度（CMC）、表面过量（Γ）、表面活性剂分子占据的最小面积（Amin）、粘度和振荡流变学研究。在所研究的任何摩尔分数下，都没有发现CAPB和SDBS在水中协同作用。这是由于这些混合物的临界胶束浓度高于Clint方程预测的浓度，表明在两性/阴离子表面活性剂混合体系中很少发生拮抗作用。与未混合的表面活性剂相比，CAPB/SDBS混合物中表面活性剂分子（Amin）占据的最小面积减少。相反，在较高的CAPB摩尔分数（0.5–0.8）下，混合CAPB/SDBS体系的粘度从1.0 mPa s显著增加到最大36.0 Pa s。根据Maxwell模型，从粘性CAPB/SDBS溶液的振荡测量中获得的流变图具有蠕虫状胶束（WLM）的特征。给出并讨论了这种令人惊奇的二元CAPB/SDBS表面活性剂混合体系的结果。
{"title":"Tensiometric and rheological investigations of single and mixed systems consisting of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) in aqueous solutions","authors":"R. Abdel-Rahem, F. Al-Akayleh, M. Al-Remawi","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2022-2492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2022-2492","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The surface tension (σ), critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess (Γ), minimum area occupied by a surfactant molecule (Amin), the viscosity and oscillatory rheological studies of aqueous solutions containing cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) at molar fractions of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 and 25 °C were presented. CAPB and SDBS were not found to interact synergistically in water at any of the molar fractions studied. This is due to the fact that the critical micelle concentrations of these mixtures were higher than those predicted by Clint’s equation, indicating an antagonism that rarely occurs in mixed amphoteric/anionic surfactant systems. The minimum area occupied by a surfactant molecule (Amin) was reduced in CAPB/SDBS mixtures compared to unmixed surfactants. In contrast, the viscosity of the mixed CAPB/SDBS system increased significantly from 1.0 mPa s to a maximum of 36.0 Pa s at higher CAPB mole fractions (0.5–0.8). The rheograms obtained from the oscillation measurements of the viscous CAPB/SDBS solutions are characteristic of wormlike micelles (WLMs) according to the Maxwell model. The results of this surprising binary CAPB/SDBS surfactant mixing system are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41638232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A synergism is reported in the binary mixtures of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) at mole fractions of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75, in dilute hydrochloric acid solutions (∼0.05 M) HCl, at 25 °C. Such synergism is confirmed by surface tension values, critical micelle concentration (CMC), and interaction parameter values according to Holland and Rubingh’s model and the satisfaction of Hua and Rosen conditions. Surface excess (Γ) at air/water interface and the minimum area occupied by surfactant molecule (A min) also indicated a reduction in the A min of mixed CAPB/SDBS compared to single surfactants that is due to the strong electrostatic interaction between surfactants heads. The composition of CAPB/SDBS mixed micelles, the interaction parameter (β) and the micellar activity coefficients (f 1 and f 2) were evaluated from the regular solution model for these binary amphoteric/anionic mixed systems. It is clear the CAPB surfactants are converted to the cationic form by charging in the presence of HCl, which enhances the interaction between the oppositely charged CAPB and SDBS heads and overcomes the unfavourable packing between the tails predicted in pure water. Such strong interaction was also reflected on the phase behavior of CAPB/SDBS binary mixed system. Accordingly, a switching from antagonism to synergism is reported for CAPB/SDBS binary mixed system in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid.
摘要:本文报道了椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱(CAPB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的二元混合物在25°C的稀盐酸溶液(~ 0.05 M) HCl中，摩尔分数分别为0.25、0.50和0.75时的增效作用。这种协同作用通过Holland和Rubingh模型的表面张力值、临界胶束浓度(CMC)和相互作用参数值以及满足Hua和Rosen条件得到证实。空气/水界面的表面过剩量(Γ)和表面活性剂分子占据的最小面积(A min)也表明，与单一表面活性剂相比，混合CAPB/SDBS的A min减少，这是由于表面活性剂头部之间的强静电相互作用。利用常规溶液模型对CAPB/SDBS混合胶束的组成、相互作用参数(β)和胶束活性系数(f1和f2)进行了评价。很明显，在HCl的存在下，CAPB表面活性剂通过充电转化为阳离子形式，这增强了相反电荷的CAPB和SDBS头部之间的相互作用，克服了在纯水中预测的尾部之间的不利堆积。这种强相互作用也反映在CAPB/SDBS二元混合体系的相行为上。因此，报道了在稀盐酸存在下，CAPB/SDBS二元混合体系从拮抗到协同的转变。
{"title":"Dilute hydrochloric acid induced switching from antagonism to synergism in the binary mixed systems of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)","authors":"R. Abdel-Rahem","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2022-2500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2022-2500","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A synergism is reported in the binary mixtures of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) at mole fractions of 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75, in dilute hydrochloric acid solutions (∼0.05 M) HCl, at 25 °C. Such synergism is confirmed by surface tension values, critical micelle concentration (CMC), and interaction parameter values according to Holland and Rubingh’s model and the satisfaction of Hua and Rosen conditions. Surface excess (Γ) at air/water interface and the minimum area occupied by surfactant molecule (A min) also indicated a reduction in the A min of mixed CAPB/SDBS compared to single surfactants that is due to the strong electrostatic interaction between surfactants heads. The composition of CAPB/SDBS mixed micelles, the interaction parameter (β) and the micellar activity coefficients (f 1 and f 2) were evaluated from the regular solution model for these binary amphoteric/anionic mixed systems. It is clear the CAPB surfactants are converted to the cationic form by charging in the presence of HCl, which enhances the interaction between the oppositely charged CAPB and SDBS heads and overcomes the unfavourable packing between the tails predicted in pure water. Such strong interaction was also reflected on the phase behavior of CAPB/SDBS binary mixed system. Accordingly, a switching from antagonism to synergism is reported for CAPB/SDBS binary mixed system in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43795223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jixiang Guo, Hujun Xu, Jingguo Yang, Liang‐Chang Lin
Abstract In this work, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates with two alkyl chain lengths were synthesised by etherification and sulfonation. The structures of these sulfonates were characterised by FTIR, 1H NMR and MS. Their characterisations were investigated for their surface properties and thermodynamic properties by surface tension, conductivity and fluorescence methods. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants increases with increasing temperature and decreases with increasing alkyl chain length. The micellation process of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates is spontaneous and driven by entropy.
{"title":"Synthesis and properties of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate","authors":"Jixiang Guo, Hujun Xu, Jingguo Yang, Liang‐Chang Lin","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2022-2457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2022-2457","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates with two alkyl chain lengths were synthesised by etherification and sulfonation. The structures of these sulfonates were characterised by FTIR, 1H NMR and MS. Their characterisations were investigated for their surface properties and thermodynamic properties by surface tension, conductivity and fluorescence methods. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants increases with increasing temperature and decreases with increasing alkyl chain length. The micellation process of alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates is spontaneous and driven by entropy.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43530990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Moisture-wicking clothes are widely used in various sports or athletic activities due to their function of moisture absorption and perspiration. In this study, the washing and decontamination of moisture-wicking fabrics, especially the performance and decontamination effect of moisture-wicking fabrics after washing were investigated. The results showed that the physical morphology of moisture-wicking fabric is very different from that of an ordinary polyester fabric. The cross-section of the moisture-wicking fabric is hexagonal, and this fabric has good hydrophilicity. After the degreasing & thermosetting process, the air permeability of the moisture-wicking fabric is increased from 1013 mm/s to 2911 mm/s. However, the air permeability is decreased after one washing, but it has little effect during the subsequent washing cycles. Moreover, the degreasing & thermosetting process also improve the stains removal index. If the moisture-wicking fabric was washed before the preparation of stained fabric, the stain removal index of carbon black soil and sebum stains is increased. Although most of the aggregated particles on the surface of the fibers are removed after washing, a small amount of sebum still remains in the spaces between the fibers. These results indicate that most of the carbon black in the stained area is removed after washing, while oil components are hardly removed from the moisture-wicking fabric during home laundry. Compared to other surfactants, C18 fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates and nonionic surfactants with long carbon chains can effectively reduce the surface tension of water and improve the wettability of moisture-wicking fabric, so that water molecules can diffuse well between fibers and stains, the binding force between stains and fabric is weakened, and the decontamination of the fabric is improved.
{"title":"Stain removal performance of moisture-wicking fabric during home laundry","authors":"Wenhua Shi, Liujun Pei, X. Gu, Jiping Wang","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2022-2436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2022-2436","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Moisture-wicking clothes are widely used in various sports or athletic activities due to their function of moisture absorption and perspiration. In this study, the washing and decontamination of moisture-wicking fabrics, especially the performance and decontamination effect of moisture-wicking fabrics after washing were investigated. The results showed that the physical morphology of moisture-wicking fabric is very different from that of an ordinary polyester fabric. The cross-section of the moisture-wicking fabric is hexagonal, and this fabric has good hydrophilicity. After the degreasing & thermosetting process, the air permeability of the moisture-wicking fabric is increased from 1013 mm/s to 2911 mm/s. However, the air permeability is decreased after one washing, but it has little effect during the subsequent washing cycles. Moreover, the degreasing & thermosetting process also improve the stains removal index. If the moisture-wicking fabric was washed before the preparation of stained fabric, the stain removal index of carbon black soil and sebum stains is increased. Although most of the aggregated particles on the surface of the fibers are removed after washing, a small amount of sebum still remains in the spaces between the fibers. These results indicate that most of the carbon black in the stained area is removed after washing, while oil components are hardly removed from the moisture-wicking fabric during home laundry. Compared to other surfactants, C18 fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates and nonionic surfactants with long carbon chains can effectively reduce the surface tension of water and improve the wettability of moisture-wicking fabric, so that water molecules can diffuse well between fibers and stains, the binding force between stains and fabric is weakened, and the decontamination of the fabric is improved.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46835773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Alt, Dorothée Boivin, M. Altan, A. Kessler, Angelika Schmitz, R. Stamminger
Abstract Automatic dishwashers combine capital, energy, and water to provide a relevant household service, namely dishwashing. Consumer behaviour in using the automatic dishwasher influences to a great extend the environmental impact of such a device. But what simple and intuitive recommendation can be given to consumers to save energy and water while maintaining the cleaning performance? This task is investigated by modelling the resource consumption for automatic dishwashers in six European countries by considering the installed base of automatic dishwashers and recently surveyed consumer programme selection behavior. Using this model, a simulation is performed on how three simple recommendations on the programme selection would affect the overall consumption. As a result, more than 20% of the consumed energy can be saved by following these simple recommendations. To facilitate consumers’ actual adoption of the recommendations, this publication presents effective communication measures based on the science of consumer behaviour.
{"title":"How many resources can be saved by changing consumers’ automatic dishwashing behaviour?","authors":"Thomas Alt, Dorothée Boivin, M. Altan, A. Kessler, Angelika Schmitz, R. Stamminger","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2022-2489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2022-2489","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Automatic dishwashers combine capital, energy, and water to provide a relevant household service, namely dishwashing. Consumer behaviour in using the automatic dishwasher influences to a great extend the environmental impact of such a device. But what simple and intuitive recommendation can be given to consumers to save energy and water while maintaining the cleaning performance? This task is investigated by modelling the resource consumption for automatic dishwashers in six European countries by considering the installed base of automatic dishwashers and recently surveyed consumer programme selection behavior. Using this model, a simulation is performed on how three simple recommendations on the programme selection would affect the overall consumption. As a result, more than 20% of the consumed energy can be saved by following these simple recommendations. To facilitate consumers’ actual adoption of the recommendations, this publication presents effective communication measures based on the science of consumer behaviour.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46799513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salika Santosh Mapari, Cleona Elizabeth Mary DCruz, L R Amruth Kumar, P. Bhide, R. Shirodkar
Abstract The present study aimed to enhance the transdermal delivery of lacidipine by niosomal vesicles. Lacidipine niosomes were generated using the ultrasonic method, and Span 60 was used as a nonionic surfactant. Formulations were prepared containing Span 60 and cholesterol in 1:1 and 2:1 ratios, respectively, with essential oils added at increasing concentrations. The formulated niosomes had nano-vesicles with entrapment efficiency ranging from 75.81% to 91.25% and in-vitro drug release ranging from 80.61% to 89.81%. The optimal formulation was selected based on particle size, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release. Optical microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies revealed a spherical shape of the niosomal vesicles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed complete encapsulation of the drug in the niosomal vesicles. The optimized formulation was also incorporated into a gel base, which was then evaluated for appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug release and stability. Overall, the results indicated that the developed niosomal lacidipine vesicles may provide an alternative to existing delivery systems for this drug.
{"title":"Formulation and characterisation of lacidipine niosomal gel for transdermal delivery","authors":"Salika Santosh Mapari, Cleona Elizabeth Mary DCruz, L R Amruth Kumar, P. Bhide, R. Shirodkar","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2022-2439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2022-2439","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study aimed to enhance the transdermal delivery of lacidipine by niosomal vesicles. Lacidipine niosomes were generated using the ultrasonic method, and Span 60 was used as a nonionic surfactant. Formulations were prepared containing Span 60 and cholesterol in 1:1 and 2:1 ratios, respectively, with essential oils added at increasing concentrations. The formulated niosomes had nano-vesicles with entrapment efficiency ranging from 75.81% to 91.25% and in-vitro drug release ranging from 80.61% to 89.81%. The optimal formulation was selected based on particle size, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release. Optical microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies revealed a spherical shape of the niosomal vesicles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed complete encapsulation of the drug in the niosomal vesicles. The optimized formulation was also incorporated into a gel base, which was then evaluated for appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug release and stability. Overall, the results indicated that the developed niosomal lacidipine vesicles may provide an alternative to existing delivery systems for this drug.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46505655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Abdel-salam, W. Abdellah, F. Taher, E. El-Sheikh, M. A. Hassanin, Doaa M. E. Elamary
Abstract Two novel cationic surfactants based on palmitic acid were prepared to extract uranium from its fluids. The chemical structures of the surfactants prepared were confirmed spectroscopically. The surface activity of these surfactants was evaluated by measuring their surface tension. The cationic surfactants prepared were also tested for their biological activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Subsequently, an attempt was made to use these surfactants to remove uranium from the hydrous oxide cake produced after the alkaline degradation of monazite mineral concentrate. To achieve this goal, several experiments were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for uranium extraction and stripping. Under these optimal conditions, the experimental capacity fitted the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Under the investigated optimal stripping factors of 1 M NaCl, acidified with 0.2 M conc. H2SO4, an A:O ratio of 1:1 and a contact time of 15 min, an uranium stripping efficiency of 83% was obtained for the case study. After the complete stripping process, the marketable uranium concentrate was percipitated using hydrogen peroxide as UO4 H2O with an uranium content of approximately 76%, which was chemically determined and confirmed by EDAX analysis.
摘要制备了两种新型棕榈酸阳离子表面活性剂，用于提取其液中的铀。所得表面活性剂的化学结构经波谱分析证实。通过测量表面张力来评价这些表面活性剂的表面活性。制备的阳离子表面活性剂对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌的生物活性也进行了测试。随后，尝试使用这些表面活性剂去除独居石精矿碱性降解后产生的氧化饼中的铀。为了实现这一目标，进行了多次试验，以确定铀提取和汽提的最佳条件。在此最优条件下，实验容量符合准二级动力学模型。在实验条件下，以1 M NaCl、0.2 M conc酸化的最佳溶出系数。以H2SO4为例，在A:O比为1:1、接触时间为15 min的条件下，铀的溶出效率为83%。在完成汽提过程后，用双氧水作为uo4h2o沉淀可销售的铀精矿，铀含量约为76%，并通过EDAX分析进行化学测定和确认。
{"title":"Novel cationic surfactants: synthesis, surface, antimicrobial studies and applicability as an extracting agent for interested element from monazite mineral concentrate","authors":"F. Abdel-salam, W. Abdellah, F. Taher, E. El-Sheikh, M. A. Hassanin, Doaa M. E. Elamary","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2022-2447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2022-2447","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two novel cationic surfactants based on palmitic acid were prepared to extract uranium from its fluids. The chemical structures of the surfactants prepared were confirmed spectroscopically. The surface activity of these surfactants was evaluated by measuring their surface tension. The cationic surfactants prepared were also tested for their biological activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Subsequently, an attempt was made to use these surfactants to remove uranium from the hydrous oxide cake produced after the alkaline degradation of monazite mineral concentrate. To achieve this goal, several experiments were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for uranium extraction and stripping. Under these optimal conditions, the experimental capacity fitted the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Under the investigated optimal stripping factors of 1 M NaCl, acidified with 0.2 M conc. H2SO4, an A:O ratio of 1:1 and a contact time of 15 min, an uranium stripping efficiency of 83% was obtained for the case study. After the complete stripping process, the marketable uranium concentrate was percipitated using hydrogen peroxide as UO4 H2O with an uranium content of approximately 76%, which was chemically determined and confirmed by EDAX analysis.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46475975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Alt, Dorothée Boivin, M. Altan, A. Kessler, Angelika Schmitz, R. Stamminger
Abstract Automatic dishwashing has been optimised in manifold ways during the last decades: new dishwashing devices (e.g. optimised for best class in energy labelling) and innovative dishwashing detergents (e.g. with advanced enzyme technologies). However, the usage of the automatic dishwasher in consumers’ home may not be adequate to gain all the benefits from these developments. Little is known about the actual consumer behaviour with automatic dishwashing. This was tried to solve by performing a survey on the consumer behaviour on automatic dishwashing in Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Hungary and Turkey covering large parts of Europe. The results show that the ‘eco’-programme is getting more importance in programme selection. However, feedback on the soil level of the dish items put into this programme and the observed duration of the programme show that the potential of the ‘eco’-programme is not fully utilised by consumers. Besides this, the survey delivers relevant details on differences which may help to understand the needs and wishes of consumers in those countries.
{"title":"Exploring consumer behaviour in automatic dishwashing: a quantitative investigation of appliance usage in six European countries","authors":"Thomas Alt, Dorothée Boivin, M. Altan, A. Kessler, Angelika Schmitz, R. Stamminger","doi":"10.1515/tsd-2022-2488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2022-2488","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Automatic dishwashing has been optimised in manifold ways during the last decades: new dishwashing devices (e.g. optimised for best class in energy labelling) and innovative dishwashing detergents (e.g. with advanced enzyme technologies). However, the usage of the automatic dishwasher in consumers’ home may not be adequate to gain all the benefits from these developments. Little is known about the actual consumer behaviour with automatic dishwashing. This was tried to solve by performing a survey on the consumer behaviour on automatic dishwashing in Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Hungary and Turkey covering large parts of Europe. The results show that the ‘eco’-programme is getting more importance in programme selection. However, feedback on the soil level of the dish items put into this programme and the observed duration of the programme show that the potential of the ‘eco’-programme is not fully utilised by consumers. Besides this, the survey delivers relevant details on differences which may help to understand the needs and wishes of consumers in those countries.","PeriodicalId":22258,"journal":{"name":"Tenside Surfactants Detergents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48061819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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