Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/4795d
P. S. Verghese, D. Jain
Beans are one of the world's most consumed and widely grown vegetable crops, but their yield is hampered by a variety of diseases caused by whiteflies and other insects.Whiteflies can also spread a variety of viral diseases to beans. Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV), Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV), Bean Golden Mosaic Virus (BGMV) etc. A variety of synthetic pesticides have been used in agriculture to control insects, which damage the plant and have a negative impact on the environment; however, their negative impact on the environment necessitates the use of more environmentally friendly methods for pest management. This paper discusses the synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and application of a mixture of potassium palmitate and pyrethroids; pyrethroids, and potassium stearate as non- persistent insecticides against whiteflies found on bean plants, as well as the use of the T-test to compare the efficacy of prepared insecticidal formulations.
{"title":"Study on Eco Friendly, Economically Viable Plant Protection Products","authors":"P. S. Verghese, D. Jain","doi":"10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/4795d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/4795d","url":null,"abstract":"Beans are one of the world's most consumed and widely grown vegetable crops, but their yield is hampered by a variety of diseases caused by whiteflies and other insects.Whiteflies can also spread a variety of viral diseases to beans. Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV), Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV), Bean Golden Mosaic Virus (BGMV) etc. A variety of synthetic pesticides have been used in agriculture to control insects, which damage the plant and have a negative impact on the environment; however, their negative impact on the environment necessitates the use of more environmentally friendly methods for pest management. This paper discusses the synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and application of a mixture of potassium palmitate and pyrethroids; pyrethroids, and potassium stearate as non- persistent insecticides against whiteflies found on bean plants, as well as the use of the T-test to compare the efficacy of prepared insecticidal formulations.","PeriodicalId":22326,"journal":{"name":"Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91001342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11083d
I. Uchendu
Objective: To study the hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in abino wistar rats. Methods: Twenty five (25) albino rats weighing (120±20 g) were randomly divided into five (5) groups with five (5) rats per group. Group A served as normal control and received no treatment. Group B received only a single dose of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg, i.p) and served as negative control . Group C served as positive control and received Vitamin C (200 mg/kg, oral) for 2 weeks, while Group D and E served as the test groups and received aqueous bitter leaf extract; high dose (500mg/kg,oral) and low dose (250mg/kg, oral) separately for 2 weeks following acetaminophen challenge. Results: The administration of single dose of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg, i.p) resulted in liver damage with AST, ALT and ALP levels: 48.33±10.14U/L, 60.00±13.23U/L and 229.67±23.38U/L respectively. The treatment with bitter leaf resulted in a reversal of the acetaminophen-induced liver damage with AST, ALT and ALP levels: 20.67±1.76U/L (P<0.05), 16.67±3.52U/L (P<0.01) and 131.67±7.27U/L (P<0.01) respectively when compared with acetaminophen alone. Histopathological results also showed minor or non significant hepatocellular damage in the test groups; hence hepatoprotection by Vernonia amygdalina. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina possesses hepatoprotective properties against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.
{"title":"Study on the effect of Aqueous Extract of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Damage in Rats","authors":"I. Uchendu","doi":"10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11083d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11083d","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in abino wistar rats. \u0000Methods: Twenty five (25) albino rats weighing (120±20 g) were randomly divided into five (5) groups with five (5) rats per group. Group A served as normal control and received no treatment. Group B received only a single dose of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg, i.p) and served as negative control . Group C served as positive control and received Vitamin C (200 mg/kg, oral) for 2 weeks, while Group D and E served as the test groups and received aqueous bitter leaf extract; high dose (500mg/kg,oral) and low dose (250mg/kg, oral) separately for 2 weeks following acetaminophen challenge. \u0000Results: The administration of single dose of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg, i.p) resulted in liver damage with AST, ALT and ALP levels: 48.33±10.14U/L, 60.00±13.23U/L and 229.67±23.38U/L respectively. The treatment with bitter leaf resulted in a reversal of the acetaminophen-induced liver damage with AST, ALT and ALP levels: 20.67±1.76U/L (P<0.05), 16.67±3.52U/L (P<0.01) and 131.67±7.27U/L (P<0.01) respectively when compared with acetaminophen alone. Histopathological results also showed minor or non significant hepatocellular damage in the test groups; hence hepatoprotection by Vernonia amygdalina. \u0000Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina possesses hepatoprotective properties against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.","PeriodicalId":22326,"journal":{"name":"Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76568074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11701d
N. Hans
{"title":"Determining the Efficacy and Safety of Teneligliptin and Metformin Versus Glimepiride and Metformin in Patients of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Uncontrolled with Monotherapy","authors":"N. Hans","doi":"10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11701d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11701d","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22326,"journal":{"name":"Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90116494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/10852d
D. Goswami
Poison is a substance that is harmful to the living organisms in all respects. It can even cause immediate death of the exposed. Ayurvedic authors mention one terminology "BISHA" that has close similarity with "POISON" mentioned in the modern toxicology. A vivid description of Bisha is available in the Ayurvedic classics starting from definition, classification, properties, mode of action, signs and symptoms, treatment etc. The discussion on the route of entry and media through which poison can be given to a targetted human / animal is also attractive. The Ayurvedic authors also have given guidance to the Toxicologists (Bishavaidya) on the procedures of prognostitization of a patient of poisoning. Each and every principle of the Ayurvedic scholars needs study and evaluation through the modern techniques to make the modern socity convinced .
{"title":"Concept of Poison in Ayurveda","authors":"D. Goswami","doi":"10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/10852d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/10852d","url":null,"abstract":"Poison is a substance that is harmful to the living organisms in all respects. It can even cause immediate death of the exposed. Ayurvedic authors mention one terminology \"BISHA\" that has close similarity with \"POISON\" mentioned in the modern toxicology. A vivid description of Bisha is available in the Ayurvedic classics starting from definition, classification, properties, mode of action, signs and symptoms, treatment etc. The discussion on the route of entry and media through which poison can be given to a targetted human / animal is also attractive. The Ayurvedic authors also have given guidance to the Toxicologists (Bishavaidya) on the procedures of prognostitization of a patient of poisoning. Each and every principle of the Ayurvedic scholars needs study and evaluation through the modern techniques to make the modern socity convinced .","PeriodicalId":22326,"journal":{"name":"Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80090717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11966d
Anjali M. Wanegaonkar, M. Bhitre
Due to their synthetic utility and extensive variety of pharmacological effects, indole and benzimidazole, as well as their substituted derivatives, help to draw interest. The N-substituted fused heterocyclic compounds are usually physiologically active and could be employed as antitumor medicines. The various reactions reported that reactions of K2CO3 showing its essentiality for a particular reaction due to its characteristics like solubility in water, mild base character, easy availability, eco-friendly, and nontoxic in nature. In the presence and absence of phase transfer catalyst such as PEG-400 and TEBAC, the effect of the ratio of catalyst used anhydrous K2CO3 for its N-1 alkylation or arylation of indole-3-carboxaldehyde and 2-acetylbenzimidazole is observed. The ratio 1:4 of anhydrous K2CO3 along with PEG-400 gives, ease of catalyst handling, mild reaction conditions and reactions carried out at 10-15oC temperature with excellent yields. The simplicity of the approach makes it attractive for the synthesis of N-fused heterocyclic derivatives that could be employed as biological substitutes.
{"title":"Studies on Synthesis of N-1 Fused Heterocyclic Derivatives Using Potassium Carbonate and PEG- 400 as Green Catalyst","authors":"Anjali M. Wanegaonkar, M. Bhitre","doi":"10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11966d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11966d","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their synthetic utility and extensive variety of pharmacological effects, indole and benzimidazole, as well as their substituted derivatives, help to draw interest. The N-substituted fused heterocyclic compounds are usually physiologically active and could be employed as antitumor medicines. The various reactions reported that reactions of K2CO3 showing its essentiality for a particular reaction due to its characteristics like solubility in water, mild base character, easy availability, eco-friendly, and nontoxic in nature. In the presence and absence of phase transfer catalyst such as PEG-400 and TEBAC, the effect of the ratio of catalyst used anhydrous K2CO3 for its N-1 alkylation or arylation of indole-3-carboxaldehyde and 2-acetylbenzimidazole is observed. The ratio 1:4 of anhydrous K2CO3 along with PEG-400 gives, ease of catalyst handling, mild reaction conditions and reactions carried out at 10-15oC temperature with excellent yields. The simplicity of the approach makes it attractive for the synthesis of N-fused heterocyclic derivatives that could be employed as biological substitutes.","PeriodicalId":22326,"journal":{"name":"Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73855097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11084d
I. Uchendu, C. Agu, O. C. Orji, Ebuka Bitrus Nnedu, C. Arinze, A. Uchenna, U. Okongwu
Introduction: It has been extensively reported that drug-overdose is the leading cause of liver injury in the world today. Diets rich in natural antioxidants have been observed to offer substantial remedy to drug-induced organ injuries. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of tomato extract against Acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Phytochemical analyses were performed. A total of 24 albino rats weighing (110±10 g) were randomly allocated to four groups (A-D), with six rats per group. Group A was the normal control and received no treatment. Group B was the negative control and received a single dose of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg, i.p) only. Group C served as test group and received a single dose of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg, i.p.) before treatment with tomato extract (30 mg/kg, oral) for 14 consecutive days. Group D received simultaneous administration of tomato extract (30 mg/kg, oral) and acetaminophen (750 mg/kg, i.p) for 14days. Results: The single dose of Acetaminophen caused liver cell injuries with significant increase in the levels of the liver enzymes: AST (67.67±11.41U/L); ALT (46.33±10.59U/L) and ALP (223.70±23.31U/L) in rats in negative control when compared with normal (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The daily administration of the tomato extract was able to attenuate the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity on the liver enzyme marker levels: In Group C: AST (23.00± 3.61U/L, P<0.01); ALT (17.67± 3.48U/L, P<0.05) and ALP (121.30±8.11U/L, P<0.01). In Group D, AST (26.67±2.91U/L, P<0.01); ALT (18.67±1.76 U/L, P<0.05) and ALP (124.72±9.33U/L, P<0.01) when compared with negative control group. The histological results also revealed no significant liver injury in the groups that received tomato extract when compared with the normal control. Conclusion: Tomato extract possesses hepatoprotective ability against acetaminophen-induced liver injury.
导读:据广泛报道，药物过量是当今世界肝损伤的主要原因。富含天然抗氧化剂的饮食已被观察到对药物引起的器官损伤提供实质性的补救措施。目的:研究番茄提取物对对乙酰氨基酚所致大鼠急性肝毒性的保护作用。方法:进行植物化学分析。选取体重(110±10 g)的白化大鼠24只，随机分为4组(A- d)，每组6只。A组为正常对照组，不进行任何治疗。B组为阴性对照，只给予单剂量对乙酰氨基酚(750 mg/kg, i.p)。C组为试验组，在给予番茄提取物(30 mg/kg，口服)治疗前，给予单剂量对乙酰氨基酚(750 mg/kg，每日1次)，连续14 d。D组患者同时给予番茄提取物(30 mg/kg，口服)和对乙酰氨基酚(750 mg/kg，每日1次)，疗程14 D。结果:单剂量对乙酰氨基酚引起肝细胞损伤，肝酶AST水平显著升高(67.67±11.41U/L);阴性对照组大鼠ALT(46.33±10.59U/L)、ALP(223.70±23.31U/L)与正常大鼠比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.05或p<0.01)。每日给药番茄提取物可减轻对乙酰氨基酚引起的肝毒性，其肝酶标志物水平为:C组:AST(23.00±3.61U/L, P<0.01);ALT(17.67±3.48 u / L, P < 0.05)和高山(121.30±8.11 u / L, P < 0.01)。D组AST(26.67±2.91U/L, P<0.01);与阴性对照组比较，ALT(18.67±1.76 U/L, P<0.05)、ALP(124.72±9.33U/L, P<0.01)。组织学结果也显示，与正常对照组相比，接受番茄提取物的组没有明显的肝损伤。结论:番茄提取物对对乙酰氨基酚所致肝损伤具有保护肝的作用。
{"title":"Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Extracts Elicit Anti-Hepatotoxic Effects on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Albino Wistar Rat","authors":"I. Uchendu, C. Agu, O. C. Orji, Ebuka Bitrus Nnedu, C. Arinze, A. Uchenna, U. Okongwu","doi":"10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11084d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11084d","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: It has been extensively reported that drug-overdose is the leading cause of liver injury in the world today. Diets rich in natural antioxidants have been observed to offer substantial remedy to drug-induced organ injuries. \u0000Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of tomato extract against Acetaminophen-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. \u0000Methods: Phytochemical analyses were performed. A total of 24 albino rats weighing (110±10 g) were randomly allocated to four groups (A-D), with six rats per group. Group A was the normal control and received no treatment. Group B was the negative control and received a single dose of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg, i.p) only. Group C served as test group and received a single dose of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg, i.p.) before treatment with tomato extract (30 mg/kg, oral) for 14 consecutive days. Group D received simultaneous administration of tomato extract (30 mg/kg, oral) and acetaminophen (750 mg/kg, i.p) for 14days. \u0000Results: The single dose of Acetaminophen caused liver cell injuries with significant increase in the levels of the liver enzymes: AST (67.67±11.41U/L); ALT (46.33±10.59U/L) and ALP (223.70±23.31U/L) in rats in negative control when compared with normal (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The daily administration of the tomato extract was able to attenuate the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity on the liver enzyme marker levels: In Group C: AST (23.00± 3.61U/L, P<0.01); ALT (17.67± 3.48U/L, P<0.05) and ALP (121.30±8.11U/L, P<0.01). In Group D, AST (26.67±2.91U/L, P<0.01); ALT (18.67±1.76 U/L, P<0.05) and ALP (124.72±9.33U/L, P<0.01) when compared with negative control group. The histological results also revealed no significant liver injury in the groups that received tomato extract when compared with the normal control. \u0000Conclusion: Tomato extract possesses hepatoprotective ability against acetaminophen-induced liver injury.","PeriodicalId":22326,"journal":{"name":"Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79255346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11594d
Bharti Khichi, Ravindra Sunaniya, Prachi Mehta, Hemant M Joshi
In Indian medicine, Argyreia speciosa is a highly effective medicinal plant.It has traditionally been used to treat a variety of human ailments and disorders. The antifungal activity of aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform, and petroleum ether extracts of A. speciosa against Candila albicans was investigated in this study. The ethanolic extract and petroleum ether extract were shown to have high activity against the tested fungal strain, whereas the aqueous extract had very little activity and the chloroform extract had no activity. Ethanolic extract showed the potent antifungal activity as compared to other extract and the Zone of inhibition of test drug is compared to standard.
{"title":"Investigating the Phytochemical Screening and Antifungal Activity of Stem of Argyreia speciosa Linn. F","authors":"Bharti Khichi, Ravindra Sunaniya, Prachi Mehta, Hemant M Joshi","doi":"10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11594d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/11594d","url":null,"abstract":"In Indian medicine, Argyreia speciosa is a highly effective medicinal plant.It has traditionally been used to treat a variety of human ailments and disorders. The antifungal activity of aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform, and petroleum ether extracts of A. speciosa against Candila albicans was investigated in this study. The ethanolic extract and petroleum ether extract were shown to have high activity against the tested fungal strain, whereas the aqueous extract had very little activity and the chloroform extract had no activity. Ethanolic extract showed the potent antifungal activity as compared to other extract and the Zone of inhibition of test drug is compared to standard.","PeriodicalId":22326,"journal":{"name":"Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79900920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/2876f
Ajay Khade, J. Khade, M. Bashir
Due to the irrational use of drugs, we are facing numerous problems of overuse, misuse, increased cost, antibiotic resistance etc. The present study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in which the patients are referred from surrounding rural and tribal areas. It is a retrospective study that included the patients admitted in clinical departments. A total of 200 patients (Males 41.5% and Females 58.5%) were included and their case records were reviewed. Most of the patients belong to age group < 30 years. The average No. of drugs per prescription was 4.76.Intravenous route was commonly used. The dose of the drug was inappropriate in 38% patients and inappropriate frequency in 3% cases. It was found that the most commonly prescribed group of drugs was antimicrobial agents (41.53%) with Ampicillin (53.01%) as the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agent. Culture and Sensitivity was not conducted in any of the patient. Single antimicrobial agent was prescribed in 42% cases and combination of 2 antimicrobial agents in 38% cases. Thus, the drug utilisation in patients included in the study is not rational and hence, many recommendations were suggested.
{"title":"Drug Utilization Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Tribal Area in South India","authors":"Ajay Khade, J. Khade, M. Bashir","doi":"10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/2876f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/2876f","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the irrational use of drugs, we are facing numerous problems of overuse, misuse, increased cost, antibiotic resistance etc. The present study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in which the patients are referred from surrounding rural and tribal areas. It is a retrospective study that included the patients admitted in clinical departments. A total of 200 patients (Males 41.5% and Females 58.5%) were included and their case records were reviewed. Most of the patients belong to age group < 30 years. The average No. of drugs per prescription was 4.76.Intravenous route was commonly used. The dose of the drug was inappropriate in 38% patients and inappropriate frequency in 3% cases. It was found that the most commonly prescribed group of drugs was antimicrobial agents (41.53%) with Ampicillin (53.01%) as the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agent. Culture and Sensitivity was not conducted in any of the patient. Single antimicrobial agent was prescribed in 42% cases and combination of 2 antimicrobial agents in 38% cases. Thus, the drug utilisation in patients included in the study is not rational and hence, many recommendations were suggested.","PeriodicalId":22326,"journal":{"name":"Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90607219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-03DOI: 10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/3581f
M. Babayeva, P. Basu, Z. Loewy
Epilepsy in children is a complex disease, with a variety of distinct syndromes and many alternative treatment options. Even with a plethora of available treatment options, childhood epilepsies are commonly associated with seizures that are resistant to existing treatment methods. Treatment of pediatric epilepsy is challenging and requires more effective therapy to avoid short-term and long-term neurological disorders. Marijuana has been used to treat disease since ancient times. Marijuana ingredients Cannabidiol (CBD) and D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have created a significant research interest as potential therapy options in epilepsy treatment. THC is the major psychoactive component of marijuana that aids in reducing epileptic seizures. CBD has proven to have anticonvulsant effect not only in experimental models but also in clinical studies. Research studies have provided strong evidence for safety and anticonvulsant properties of medical marijuana. Principal concerns regarding the use of medical marijuana in children include lack of standardization and regulation, imprecise dosing, possible adverse side effects and medication interactions.
{"title":"Study on Cannabis Compounds: An approach to Pharmacotherapy for Epilepsy in Children","authors":"M. Babayeva, P. Basu, Z. Loewy","doi":"10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/3581f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/tipr/v10/3581f","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy in children is a complex disease, with a variety of distinct syndromes and many alternative treatment options. Even with a plethora of available treatment options, childhood epilepsies are commonly associated with seizures that are resistant to existing treatment methods. Treatment of pediatric epilepsy is challenging and requires more effective therapy to avoid short-term and long-term neurological disorders. Marijuana has been used to treat disease since ancient times. Marijuana ingredients Cannabidiol (CBD) and D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have created a significant research interest as potential therapy options in epilepsy treatment. THC is the major psychoactive component of marijuana that aids in reducing epileptic seizures. CBD has proven to have anticonvulsant effect not only in experimental models but also in clinical studies. Research studies have provided strong evidence for safety and anticonvulsant properties of medical marijuana. Principal concerns regarding the use of medical marijuana in children include lack of standardization and regulation, imprecise dosing, possible adverse side effects and medication interactions.","PeriodicalId":22326,"journal":{"name":"Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86147365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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