Pub Date : 2014-09-18DOI: 10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902533
F. Letourneux, S. Guivarch, Y. Lostanlen
This paper presents an overview of challenges and solutions for small-cell wireless backhaul. The different technologies, ranging from 3.5 to 80 GHz, are presented with a focus on radio propagation. Then, the new related design challenges are studied. A first case study shows the benefit of ray-tracing and 3D geographical map data for accurate NLOS link prediction. The use of a vertical-plane model can lead to large errors. Finally, the impact of antenna orientation is analyzed at 3.5 and 28 GHz. An optimum antenna orientation is key for an efficient design, especially at high frequencies. Different configurations for which the direct path is not the strongest are presented. In that case, a ray-tracing model is required.
{"title":"3D propagation and environment modeling for NLOS wireless small-cell backhaul","authors":"F. Letourneux, S. Guivarch, Y. Lostanlen","doi":"10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902533","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of challenges and solutions for small-cell wireless backhaul. The different technologies, ranging from 3.5 to 80 GHz, are presented with a focus on radio propagation. Then, the new related design challenges are studied. A first case study shows the benefit of ray-tracing and 3D geographical map data for accurate NLOS link prediction. The use of a vertical-plane model can lead to large errors. Finally, the impact of antenna orientation is analyzed at 3.5 and 28 GHz. An optimum antenna orientation is key for an efficient design, especially at high frequencies. Different configurations for which the direct path is not the strongest are presented. In that case, a ray-tracing model is required.","PeriodicalId":22362,"journal":{"name":"The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)","volume":"17 1","pages":"3296-3300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81936221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-18DOI: 10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902148
Fiser Ondrej, V. Jan
The main topic of this contribution is the design, numeric simulation and optimization of a matrix 4 of applicators for local thermotherapy. Applicators are based on water filled waveguides with strip line horn aperture. The working frequency is 434 MHz. The work is aimed at optimization of 3D SAR homogeneity, effective penetration depth of SAR and reflection coefficient. Applicators may have different polarizations and we investigated the effects of the combination of polarizations of the applicators on the resulting 3D SAR distribution. We rotated individual applicators step by step by 90 degrees (by this activity we changed the individual polarization of applicators).
{"title":"Oriented array of waveguide applicators for local thermotherapy","authors":"Fiser Ondrej, V. Jan","doi":"10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902148","url":null,"abstract":"The main topic of this contribution is the design, numeric simulation and optimization of a matrix 4 of applicators for local thermotherapy. Applicators are based on water filled waveguides with strip line horn aperture. The working frequency is 434 MHz. The work is aimed at optimization of 3D SAR homogeneity, effective penetration depth of SAR and reflection coefficient. Applicators may have different polarizations and we investigated the effects of the combination of polarizations of the applicators on the resulting 3D SAR distribution. We rotated individual applicators step by step by 90 degrees (by this activity we changed the individual polarization of applicators).","PeriodicalId":22362,"journal":{"name":"The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)","volume":"21 1","pages":"1818-1821"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84417417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-18DOI: 10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902299
Bybi P. Chacko, G. Augustin, T. Denidni
A high-gain, wideband metamaterial superstrate antenna in C-band is presented. The proposed design creatively utilizes the wideband characteristics of aperture-coupling along with the beam focusing abilities of mu-near-zero metamaterials. The antenna provides an impedance bandwidth from 4.0-5.4 GHz with maximum broadside gain of 14.2 dBi at 4.8 GHz. The measurement results indicate that the antenna achieves 94% of the maximum possible gain of a perfect radiating surface of equivalent aperture size.
{"title":"High-gain metamaterial antenna for point-to-point communication systems","authors":"Bybi P. Chacko, G. Augustin, T. Denidni","doi":"10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902299","url":null,"abstract":"A high-gain, wideband metamaterial superstrate antenna in C-band is presented. The proposed design creatively utilizes the wideband characteristics of aperture-coupling along with the beam focusing abilities of mu-near-zero metamaterials. The antenna provides an impedance bandwidth from 4.0-5.4 GHz with maximum broadside gain of 14.2 dBi at 4.8 GHz. The measurement results indicate that the antenna achieves 94% of the maximum possible gain of a perfect radiating surface of equivalent aperture size.","PeriodicalId":22362,"journal":{"name":"The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)","volume":"1 1","pages":"2393-2396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79903813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-18DOI: 10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902155
M. A. Tanha, M. Ash, P. Brennan
This paper presents the design and analysis of a 5.3 GHz phased array antenna for radar geophysical imaging of snow avalanches. The antenna is designed by utilizing overlapping sub-arrays to operate over a ±15° field of view while having a pattern which suppresses the grating lobes. The presented results indicate that the desired beamwidth and radiation pattern are achieved while an ample bandwidth of 390 MHz and a gain of 14.5 dBi are reached.
{"title":"Phased-array antenna feed network for geophysical FMCW radar","authors":"M. A. Tanha, M. Ash, P. Brennan","doi":"10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902155","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and analysis of a 5.3 GHz phased array antenna for radar geophysical imaging of snow avalanches. The antenna is designed by utilizing overlapping sub-arrays to operate over a ±15° field of view while having a pattern which suppresses the grating lobes. The presented results indicate that the desired beamwidth and radiation pattern are achieved while an ample bandwidth of 390 MHz and a gain of 14.5 dBi are reached.","PeriodicalId":22362,"journal":{"name":"The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)","volume":"6 1","pages":"1847-1851"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80186336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-18DOI: 10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901753
P. Meaney, K. Paulsen
We have collected previously published tissue dielectric property data along with water content data to assess correlation between the two. Earlier tissue and protein solution studies have demonstrated at low frequencies that the deviation of the conductivity from standard mixture laws is most likely due to the presence of bound water in solution. This retrospective study examines how well the tissue permittivity and conductivity at microwave frequencies fit the Maxwell-Fricke mixture laws and whether the results are consistent with earlier studies. Differences between the fitting characteristics of the two properties may allow for development of a microwave based bound water index as is currently used in near infrared spectroscopy.
{"title":"Bound water and the effects on tissue dielectric properties for imaging purposes","authors":"P. Meaney, K. Paulsen","doi":"10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901753","url":null,"abstract":"We have collected previously published tissue dielectric property data along with water content data to assess correlation between the two. Earlier tissue and protein solution studies have demonstrated at low frequencies that the deviation of the conductivity from standard mixture laws is most likely due to the presence of bound water in solution. This retrospective study examines how well the tissue permittivity and conductivity at microwave frequencies fit the Maxwell-Fricke mixture laws and whether the results are consistent with earlier studies. Differences between the fitting characteristics of the two properties may allow for development of a microwave based bound water index as is currently used in near infrared spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":22362,"journal":{"name":"The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)","volume":"22 1","pages":"307-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75091243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-18DOI: 10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901819
Li Li, Kun Wang, T. Eibert
A new radial-angular-R2 singularity cancellation transformation is proposed. The accuracy of this transformation is not associated with the height of the observation point above the plane of the source domain. When the height tends to zero, the corresponding limit of the transformation turns out to be a new well-behaved transformation within the plane of the source domain, which is also very efficient for accurate singular integral computations. Common Green's functions and its gradients require first and second order transformations for singularity cancellation. However, the proposed second order transformation is also effective for the lower order singular integrals and it is, thus, applicable for all forms of singular integrals in electromagnetic boundary integral equation formulations.
{"title":"A new radial-angular-R2 transformation for singular integrals on triangular meshes","authors":"Li Li, Kun Wang, T. Eibert","doi":"10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901819","url":null,"abstract":"A new radial-angular-R2 singularity cancellation transformation is proposed. The accuracy of this transformation is not associated with the height of the observation point above the plane of the source domain. When the height tends to zero, the corresponding limit of the transformation turns out to be a new well-behaved transformation within the plane of the source domain, which is also very efficient for accurate singular integral computations. Common Green's functions and its gradients require first and second order transformations for singularity cancellation. However, the proposed second order transformation is also effective for the lower order singular integrals and it is, thus, applicable for all forms of singular integrals in electromagnetic boundary integral equation formulations.","PeriodicalId":22362,"journal":{"name":"The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)","volume":"53 1","pages":"565-568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75774650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-18DOI: 10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902559
Zhengpeng Wang, Xianzhong Chen, Weilong Wang, M. Li, Zhiping Li
This paper presents an exponentially tapered dielectric loaded probe. The backlobe of the probe is significantly reduced without increase the aperture size. The VSWR is less than 1.4 in the whole X band. The E field and current distribution are presented, which indicate the principle of the novel probe. The nominal radar cross-section (RCS) is below -25 dBsm in the whole frequency range. The performance of the novel probe is carefully compared with the standard open-end rectangular waveguide (RWG).
{"title":"Exponentially tapered dielectric loaded probe for accurate near field measurements","authors":"Zhengpeng Wang, Xianzhong Chen, Weilong Wang, M. Li, Zhiping Li","doi":"10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902559","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an exponentially tapered dielectric loaded probe. The backlobe of the probe is significantly reduced without increase the aperture size. The VSWR is less than 1.4 in the whole X band. The E field and current distribution are presented, which indicate the principle of the novel probe. The nominal radar cross-section (RCS) is below -25 dBsm in the whole frequency range. The performance of the novel probe is carefully compared with the standard open-end rectangular waveguide (RWG).","PeriodicalId":22362,"journal":{"name":"The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)","volume":"35 1","pages":"3404-3407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79293657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-18DOI: 10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902194
Hui Li, A. Tsiaras, B. Derat, B. K. Lau
Evaluation of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for multiple antenna systems is becoming important, with the upcoming deployment of LTE-Advanced. In this work, the influence of different antenna locations and antenna types was investigated for stand-alone SAR and simultaneous SAR, to provide some guidelines for antenna design in multi-antenna handsets. For simultaneous SAR, different phase shifts between antenna ports were considered and the averaged SAR was used as a metrics for comparison. The SAR performances were evaluated in simulation for the body worn scenario, and different placements of the mobile handset, i.e., with either the screen or back side closer to the body, were studied.
{"title":"Analysis of SAR on flat phantom for different multi-antenna mobile terminals","authors":"Hui Li, A. Tsiaras, B. Derat, B. K. Lau","doi":"10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6902194","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for multiple antenna systems is becoming important, with the upcoming deployment of LTE-Advanced. In this work, the influence of different antenna locations and antenna types was investigated for stand-alone SAR and simultaneous SAR, to provide some guidelines for antenna design in multi-antenna handsets. For simultaneous SAR, different phase shifts between antenna ports were considered and the averaged SAR was used as a metrics for comparison. The SAR performances were evaluated in simulation for the body worn scenario, and different placements of the mobile handset, i.e., with either the screen or back side closer to the body, were studied.","PeriodicalId":22362,"journal":{"name":"The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)","volume":"70 1","pages":"1989-1993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81378697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-18DOI: 10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901990
Yuan Ding, V. Fusco
This paper presents a simple polarization encoding strategy that operates using only single element dual port transmit and receive antennas in such a way that selective spatial scrambling of QPSK data can be effected. The key transmitter and receiver relationships needed for this operation to occur are derived. The system is validated using a cross dipole antenna arrangement. Unlike all previously reported physical layer wireless solutions the approach developed in this paper transfers the security property to the receive side resulting in very simple transmit and receive side architectures thus avoiding the need for near field modulated array technology. In addition the scheme permits, for the first time, multiple spatially separated secured receive sites to operate in parallel.
{"title":"Polarization distortion as a means for securing wireless communication","authors":"Yuan Ding, V. Fusco","doi":"10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901990","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simple polarization encoding strategy that operates using only single element dual port transmit and receive antennas in such a way that selective spatial scrambling of QPSK data can be effected. The key transmitter and receiver relationships needed for this operation to occur are derived. The system is validated using a cross dipole antenna arrangement. Unlike all previously reported physical layer wireless solutions the approach developed in this paper transfers the security property to the receive side resulting in very simple transmit and receive side architectures thus avoiding the need for near field modulated array technology. In addition the scheme permits, for the first time, multiple spatially separated secured receive sites to operate in parallel.","PeriodicalId":22362,"journal":{"name":"The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)","volume":"6 1","pages":"1203-1207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87399444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-18DOI: 10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901927
Sungtek Kang, K. Jang, J. Jeon, In-kyu Yang, K. Kahng, S. Mok, J. Anguera
In this paper, we design a low-profile and wideband antenna to be mounted on the top of an aircraft or automobile. Specifically, it should be buried under the surface to lower the air resistance during the flight or fast running, but have the beam-pattern of the monopole antenna. So, a flat CRLH ZOR antenna with an enhanced bandwidth is proposed similar to that of [1] for C-band communication. By the design, a 37% fractional bandwidth and monopolar radiation pattern is achieved, suitable for the aircraft including UAVs.
{"title":"Wideband and low-profile metamaterial antennas for aircrafts and automobiles","authors":"Sungtek Kang, K. Jang, J. Jeon, In-kyu Yang, K. Kahng, S. Mok, J. Anguera","doi":"10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUCAP.2014.6901927","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we design a low-profile and wideband antenna to be mounted on the top of an aircraft or automobile. Specifically, it should be buried under the surface to lower the air resistance during the flight or fast running, but have the beam-pattern of the monopole antenna. So, a flat CRLH ZOR antenna with an enhanced bandwidth is proposed similar to that of [1] for C-band communication. By the design, a 37% fractional bandwidth and monopolar radiation pattern is achieved, suitable for the aircraft including UAVs.","PeriodicalId":22362,"journal":{"name":"The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)","volume":"1019 1","pages":"976-977"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77180472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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