Jisu Ha, Puleum Bae, K. Lim, Jeonggil Ko, Young-Bae Ko
The capability to interconnect directly with neighboring wireless devices coupled with improvements in high-speed wireless connections, and the wide distribution of high-quality multimedia has led to the design of standards such as the WiFi-based Miracast [1], which allows handheld mobile devices to share their screen contents with larger-sized display devices (e.g., smart TVs). Such screen sharing capabilities allow various multimedia files to be easily accessed through mobile platforms, and played (in real-time) through larger screens; thus, has the potential to enable a variety of attractive entertainment applications. While widely available on all Android-based mobile devices (4.2 or recent), the Miracast standards introduce a significant level of inefficiency as it deals with different types of multimedia contents.
{"title":"Mobile contents on the big screen: adaptive frame filtering for mobile device screen sharing","authors":"Jisu Ha, Puleum Bae, K. Lim, Jeonggil Ko, Young-Bae Ko","doi":"10.1145/2668332.2668367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668332.2668367","url":null,"abstract":"The capability to interconnect directly with neighboring wireless devices coupled with improvements in high-speed wireless connections, and the wide distribution of high-quality multimedia has led to the design of standards such as the WiFi-based Miracast [1], which allows handheld mobile devices to share their screen contents with larger-sized display devices (e.g., smart TVs). Such screen sharing capabilities allow various multimedia files to be easily accessed through mobile platforms, and played (in real-time) through larger screens; thus, has the potential to enable a variety of attractive entertainment applications. While widely available on all Android-based mobile devices (4.2 or recent), the Miracast standards introduce a significant level of inefficiency as it deals with different types of multimedia contents.","PeriodicalId":223777,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115501655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harvesting energy from the environment makes it possible to deploy tiny sensors for long periods of time, with little or no required maintenance; however, this free energy makes testing and experimentation difficult. Environmental energy sources vary widely and are often difficult both to predict and to reproduce in the lab during testing. These variations are also behavior dependent---a factor that leaves application engineers unable to make even simple comparisons between algorithms or hardware configurations, using traditional testing approaches. In this paper, we describe the design and evaluation of Ekho, an emulator capable of recording energy harvesting conditions and accurately recreating those conditions in the lab. This makes it possible to conduct realistic and repeatable experiments involving energy harvesting devices. Ekho is a general-purpose tool that supports a wide range of harvesting technologies. We demonstrate, using a working prototype, that Ekho is capable of reproducing both solar and RF energy harvesting environments accurately and consistently. Our results show that Ekho can recreate harvesting-dependent program behaviors by emulating energy harvesting conditions accurately to within 77.4 μA for solar environments, and can emulate RF energy harvesting conditions significantly more consistently than a programmable RF harvesting environment.
{"title":"Ekho: realistic and repeatable experimentation for tiny energy-harvesting sensors","authors":"Josiah D. Hester, T. Scott, Jacob M. Sorber","doi":"10.1145/2668332.2668336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668332.2668336","url":null,"abstract":"Harvesting energy from the environment makes it possible to deploy tiny sensors for long periods of time, with little or no required maintenance; however, this free energy makes testing and experimentation difficult. Environmental energy sources vary widely and are often difficult both to predict and to reproduce in the lab during testing. These variations are also behavior dependent---a factor that leaves application engineers unable to make even simple comparisons between algorithms or hardware configurations, using traditional testing approaches. In this paper, we describe the design and evaluation of Ekho, an emulator capable of recording energy harvesting conditions and accurately recreating those conditions in the lab. This makes it possible to conduct realistic and repeatable experiments involving energy harvesting devices. Ekho is a general-purpose tool that supports a wide range of harvesting technologies. We demonstrate, using a working prototype, that Ekho is capable of reproducing both solar and RF energy harvesting environments accurately and consistently. Our results show that Ekho can recreate harvesting-dependent program behaviors by emulating energy harvesting conditions accurately to within 77.4 μA for solar environments, and can emulate RF energy harvesting conditions significantly more consistently than a programmable RF harvesting environment.","PeriodicalId":223777,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125003258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We demonstrate a mote-scale, human-animal classifier based on a micropower radar. Our classifier is automatically learned from diverse data, using features in the joint time-frequency domain. It is being used as part of a wireless sensor network in a forest to create a virtual fence for human and wildlife protection.
{"title":"Mote-scale human-animal classification via micropower radar","authors":"Jin He, Dhrubojyoti Roy, M. A. McGrath, A. Arora","doi":"10.1145/2668332.2668381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668332.2668381","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate a mote-scale, human-animal classifier based on a micropower radar. Our classifier is automatically learned from diverse data, using features in the joint time-frequency domain. It is being used as part of a wireless sensor network in a forest to create a virtual fence for human and wildlife protection.","PeriodicalId":223777,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123653152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David J. Anthony, J. Ore, Carrick Detweiler, Elizabeth Basha
Robots improve wireless sensor network (WSN) deployments by reducing deployment times, deploying nodes to improve coverage, and ferrying data. Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to install sensor networks in environmentally sensitive areas is especially valuable, as the UAVs are able to quickly traverse rough and environmentally sensitive terrain. UAV based deployments are challenging, as the UAVs may need to install nodes in a specific orientation or location type, which is difficult to sense from a UAV. We present our work towards resolving these difficulties by first classifying the surface a UAV has landed on, and then conducting a post-deployment analysis of the installation.
{"title":"Controlled sensor network installation with unmanned aerial vehicles","authors":"David J. Anthony, J. Ore, Carrick Detweiler, Elizabeth Basha","doi":"10.1145/2668332.2668358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668332.2668358","url":null,"abstract":"Robots improve wireless sensor network (WSN) deployments by reducing deployment times, deploying nodes to improve coverage, and ferrying data. Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to install sensor networks in environmentally sensitive areas is especially valuable, as the UAVs are able to quickly traverse rough and environmentally sensitive terrain. UAV based deployments are challenging, as the UAVs may need to install nodes in a specific orientation or location type, which is difficult to sense from a UAV. We present our work towards resolving these difficulties by first classifying the surface a UAV has landed on, and then conducting a post-deployment analysis of the installation.","PeriodicalId":223777,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129592325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Will Hedgecock, M. Maróti, Á. Lédeczi, P. Völgyesi, Rueben A. Banalagay
For outdoor navigation, GPS provides the most widely-used means of node localization; however, the level of accuracy provided by low-cost receivers is typically insufficient for use in high-precision applications. Additionally, many of these applications do not require precise absolute Earth coordinates, but rather rely on relative positioning to infer information about the geometric configuration of the constituent nodes in a system. This paper presents a novel approach that uses GPS to derive relative location information for a scalable network of single-frequency receivers. Networked nodes share their raw satellite observations, enabling each node to localize its neighbors in a pairwise fashion as opposed to computing its own standalone position. Random and systematic errors are mitigated in novel ways, challenging long-standing beliefs that precision GPS systems require extensive stationary calibration times or complex equipment configurations. In addition to presenting the mathematical basis for our technique, a working prototype is developed, enabling experimental evaluation of several real-world test scenarios. The results of these experiments indicate sub-meter relative positioning accuracy under various conditions and in varying environments. This represents up to order of magnitude increase in precision over existing absolute positioning techniques or other unimodal GPS-based solutions.
{"title":"Accurate real-time relative localization using single-frequency GPS","authors":"Will Hedgecock, M. Maróti, Á. Lédeczi, P. Völgyesi, Rueben A. Banalagay","doi":"10.1145/2668332.2668379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668332.2668379","url":null,"abstract":"For outdoor navigation, GPS provides the most widely-used means of node localization; however, the level of accuracy provided by low-cost receivers is typically insufficient for use in high-precision applications. Additionally, many of these applications do not require precise absolute Earth coordinates, but rather rely on relative positioning to infer information about the geometric configuration of the constituent nodes in a system. This paper presents a novel approach that uses GPS to derive relative location information for a scalable network of single-frequency receivers. Networked nodes share their raw satellite observations, enabling each node to localize its neighbors in a pairwise fashion as opposed to computing its own standalone position. Random and systematic errors are mitigated in novel ways, challenging long-standing beliefs that precision GPS systems require extensive stationary calibration times or complex equipment configurations. In addition to presenting the mathematical basis for our technique, a working prototype is developed, enabling experimental evaluation of several real-world test scenarios. The results of these experiments indicate sub-meter relative positioning accuracy under various conditions and in varying environments. This represents up to order of magnitude increase in precision over existing absolute positioning techniques or other unimodal GPS-based solutions.","PeriodicalId":223777,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128963398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Besim Avci, Bingxin Zhang, Muhammed Mas-ud Hussain, Goce Trajcevski
We present an implementation of a system for managing evolving shapes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). A shape is a contiguous region in which the measurements of the sensors detect values above a given threshold. Our system, in its current version, solves two important problems: (1) Detecting and tracking the changes of boundaries; (2) Detecting an occurrence of within distance predicate for two (or more) shapes. A centralized approach (transmitting raw measurements to a dedicated sink) incurs communication overhead, so we developed distributed algorithms for managing the predicates related to evolving shapes. This demo will present the implementation of our solutions in a heterogeneous WSN consisting of TelosB and SunSPOT motes. It will also illustrate the end-user tools: interface for specifying the parameters of the predicates, along with real-time visualization of their evaluation.
{"title":"Evolving shapes in wireless sensor networks","authors":"Besim Avci, Bingxin Zhang, Muhammed Mas-ud Hussain, Goce Trajcevski","doi":"10.1145/2668332.2668376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668332.2668376","url":null,"abstract":"We present an implementation of a system for managing evolving shapes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). A shape is a contiguous region in which the measurements of the sensors detect values above a given threshold. Our system, in its current version, solves two important problems: (1) Detecting and tracking the changes of boundaries; (2) Detecting an occurrence of within distance predicate for two (or more) shapes. A centralized approach (transmitting raw measurements to a dedicated sink) incurs communication overhead, so we developed distributed algorithms for managing the predicates related to evolving shapes. This demo will present the implementation of our solutions in a heterogeneous WSN consisting of TelosB and SunSPOT motes. It will also illustrate the end-user tools: interface for specifying the parameters of the predicates, along with real-time visualization of their evaluation.","PeriodicalId":223777,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132121355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingmin Zhao, Ruipeng Gao, Jiaxu Zhu, Tao Ye, Fan Ye, Yizhou Wang, Kaigui Bian, Guojie Luo, Ming Zhang
We present VeLoc, a smartphone-based vehicle localization approach that tracks the vehicle's parking location without GPS or WiFi signals. It uses only the embedded accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. VeLoc harnesses constraints imposed by the map and landmarks (e.g., speed bumps) recognized from inertial data, employs a Bayesian filtering framework to estimate the location of the vehicle. We have conducted experiments in three parking structures of different sizes and configurations, using three vehicles and three kinds of driving styles. We find that VeLoc can always localize the vehicle within 10m, which is sufficient for the driver to trigger a honk using the car key.
{"title":"VeLoc: finding your car in the parking lot","authors":"Mingmin Zhao, Ruipeng Gao, Jiaxu Zhu, Tao Ye, Fan Ye, Yizhou Wang, Kaigui Bian, Guojie Luo, Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1145/2668332.2668357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668332.2668357","url":null,"abstract":"We present VeLoc, a smartphone-based vehicle localization approach that tracks the vehicle's parking location without GPS or WiFi signals. It uses only the embedded accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. VeLoc harnesses constraints imposed by the map and landmarks (e.g., speed bumps) recognized from inertial data, employs a Bayesian filtering framework to estimate the location of the vehicle. We have conducted experiments in three parking structures of different sizes and configurations, using three vehicles and three kinds of driving styles. We find that VeLoc can always localize the vehicle within 10m, which is sufficient for the driver to trigger a honk using the car key.","PeriodicalId":223777,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems","volume":"39 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113993756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban environment has significant impacts on the health of city dwellers. To understand these impacts, city planners have to obtain fine-grained environmental information, however such information is not available with traditional environmental systems. To address this problem, we present Gotcha, a taxi-based mobile sensing system for fine-grained environmental data acquisition. Gotcha utilizes taxi cabs to serve as a sensor that collects a variety of environmental information (such as concentrations of carbon-dioxide, carbon-monoxide, ozone, particulate matter, etc.). We aim to deploy our system in the city of Shenzhen on a fleet of 100 taxi cabs, and we present here our results from our initial deployment.
{"title":"Gotcha: a mobile urban sensing system","authors":"Xiangxiang Xu, Pei Zhang, Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1145/2668332.2668374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668332.2668374","url":null,"abstract":"Urban environment has significant impacts on the health of city dwellers. To understand these impacts, city planners have to obtain fine-grained environmental information, however such information is not available with traditional environmental systems. To address this problem, we present Gotcha, a taxi-based mobile sensing system for fine-grained environmental data acquisition. Gotcha utilizes taxi cabs to serve as a sensor that collects a variety of environmental information (such as concentrations of carbon-dioxide, carbon-monoxide, ozone, particulate matter, etc.). We aim to deploy our system in the city of Shenzhen on a fleet of 100 taxi cabs, and we present here our results from our initial deployment.","PeriodicalId":223777,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116175763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harvesting energy from the environment makes it possible to deploy tiny sensors for long periods of time, with little or no required maintenance; however, this free energy makes testing and experimentation difficult. Environmental energy sources vary widely and are often difficult both to predict and to reproduce in the lab during testing. These variations are also behavior dependent---a factor that leaves application engineers unable to make even simple comparisons between algorithms or hardware configurations, using traditional testing approaches. This demonstration presents Ekho, a device that makes it possible to conduct realistic and repeatable experiments involving energy harvesting devices. Ekho is a general-purpose tool that supports a wide range of harvesting technologies. We demonstrate, using a working prototype, that Ekho is capable of reproducing many types of energy harvesting environments accurately and consistently.
{"title":"Ekho: realistic and repeatable experimentation for tiny energy-harvesting sensors","authors":"Josiah D. Hester, T. Scott, Jacob M. Sorber","doi":"10.1145/2668332.2668382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668332.2668382","url":null,"abstract":"Harvesting energy from the environment makes it possible to deploy tiny sensors for long periods of time, with little or no required maintenance; however, this free energy makes testing and experimentation difficult. Environmental energy sources vary widely and are often difficult both to predict and to reproduce in the lab during testing. These variations are also behavior dependent---a factor that leaves application engineers unable to make even simple comparisons between algorithms or hardware configurations, using traditional testing approaches. This demonstration presents Ekho, a device that makes it possible to conduct realistic and repeatable experiments involving energy harvesting devices. Ekho is a general-purpose tool that supports a wide range of harvesting technologies. We demonstrate, using a working prototype, that Ekho is capable of reproducing many types of energy harvesting environments accurately and consistently.","PeriodicalId":223777,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116306683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. J. Oppermann, C. Boano, Marco Zimmerling, K. Römer
Experiments under controlled radio interference are crucial to assess the robustness of low-power wireless protocols. While tools such as JamLab augment existing sensornet testbeds with realistic interference, it remains an error-prone and time-consuming task to manually select the set of nodes acting as jammers and their individual transmit powers. We present an automated configuration approach based on simulated annealing to overcome this problem. A preliminary evaluation based on two testbeds shows that our approach can find near-optimal solutions within at most a few hours. We believe our approach can facilitate the widespread adoption of controlled interference experiments by the sensornet community.
{"title":"Automatic configuration of controlled interference experiments in sensornet testbeds","authors":"F. J. Oppermann, C. Boano, Marco Zimmerling, K. Römer","doi":"10.1145/2668332.2668355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2668332.2668355","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments under controlled radio interference are crucial to assess the robustness of low-power wireless protocols. While tools such as JamLab augment existing sensornet testbeds with realistic interference, it remains an error-prone and time-consuming task to manually select the set of nodes acting as jammers and their individual transmit powers. We present an automated configuration approach based on simulated annealing to overcome this problem. A preliminary evaluation based on two testbeds shows that our approach can find near-optimal solutions within at most a few hours. We believe our approach can facilitate the widespread adoption of controlled interference experiments by the sensornet community.","PeriodicalId":223777,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 12th ACM Conference on Embedded Network Sensor Systems","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116869177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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