Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2022.170546.1279
A. Awad, eman zohairy, Nevine K El Kady, Eman Abdelrasheed, Amani Bayoumy
{"title":"CLINICAL PATTERN OF PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS INTOXICATION AT NATIONAL CENTRE FOR CLINICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH, CAIRO UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS","authors":"A. Awad, eman zohairy, Nevine K El Kady, Eman Abdelrasheed, Amani Bayoumy","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.170546.1279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.170546.1279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90939573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2022.107505.1228
Doaa El-Gharbawy, Amira A. Wahdan
{"title":"PREDICTORS OF MAJOR OUTCOME IN ACUTE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS POISONED CASES","authors":"Doaa El-Gharbawy, Amira A. Wahdan","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.107505.1228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.107505.1228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85832946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2022.122937.1247
K. Kamel, Osama El Barrany, Nermin Mohamed, Dina Ibrahim, Nevine K El Kady
Background: Opioids are fundamental agents for managing pain. However, they are always linked to significant hazards to patients and society, such as misuse, abuse, addiction, diversion, and overdose deaths. Aim of Work : This study aims to improve the outcome of patients admitted with acute opiate toxicity and recognize the magnitude of the problem on a statistical basis. The objective of the study: is to evaluate the management, sociodemographic factors and substance abuse among patients admitted with acute opiate toxicity to National Environmental and Clinical Toxicology and Research Center (NECTR) Cairo University. Subjects and Methods: This prospective cohort study included 98 cases admitted to NECTR from October 2020 to March 2021. They were classified into 3 age groups; (less than 20 years), (20-40 years) and (more than 40 years). Data were analyzed for sociodemographic data of the patients, substance of abuse, manner of intake, history of addiction, clinical presentation, management and outcome. Results: The most common age group was those between 20-40 years (67.3%), followed by those above 40 years (22.4%), with male dominance (82.7%). The most common substance of abuse was opiates 63.3% (62 patients). The most common manner of overdose was accidental (95.9%) and the mortality rate was (11.7%). Conclusions: Males were more common than females. The most common substance of abuse was opiates.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE OPIATES TOXICITY IN PATIENTS ADMITTED TO NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY AND RESEARCH CENTER: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY","authors":"K. Kamel, Osama El Barrany, Nermin Mohamed, Dina Ibrahim, Nevine K El Kady","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.122937.1247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.122937.1247","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Opioids are fundamental agents for managing pain. However, they are always linked to significant hazards to patients and society, such as misuse, abuse, addiction, diversion, and overdose deaths. Aim of Work : This study aims to improve the outcome of patients admitted with acute opiate toxicity and recognize the magnitude of the problem on a statistical basis. The objective of the study: is to evaluate the management, sociodemographic factors and substance abuse among patients admitted with acute opiate toxicity to National Environmental and Clinical Toxicology and Research Center (NECTR) Cairo University. Subjects and Methods: This prospective cohort study included 98 cases admitted to NECTR from October 2020 to March 2021. They were classified into 3 age groups; (less than 20 years), (20-40 years) and (more than 40 years). Data were analyzed for sociodemographic data of the patients, substance of abuse, manner of intake, history of addiction, clinical presentation, management and outcome. Results: The most common age group was those between 20-40 years (67.3%), followed by those above 40 years (22.4%), with male dominance (82.7%). The most common substance of abuse was opiates 63.3% (62 patients). The most common manner of overdose was accidental (95.9%) and the mortality rate was (11.7%). Conclusions: Males were more common than females. The most common substance of abuse was opiates.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82486925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2022.96491.1222
O. Sweilum, F. Kandeel
Objectives: Coma is a state of loss of consciousness due to the disfunction of ascending reticular activating system. It is considered a life-threatening condition that needs immediate intervention. The body's total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is a biomarker that represents the amount of all endogenous antioxidants in the blood and body fluids. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of toxic coma and evaluate the predictive role of TAC analysis and other variables on the toxic coma outcome. Methodology: This prospective study was done on all patients diagnosed with toxic coma and admitted to MPCC of Menoufia university hospitals over one year of study. We recorded socio-demographic data (including age, sex, residence), causative toxic agent, and time passed from poison exposure to the hospital arrival, the manner of poisoning, duration of hospital stays, and outcome (Recovery or death). Investigations as arterial blood gases (pH, PO2 PCO2, HCO3) and serum TAC were measured. Results: The study found that the incidence of toxic coma was higher in the age group 15 - < 40 years, male gender, and delayed hospital arrivals. Drug overdose is the most common causative toxic agent, followed by insecticides, suicidal manner, longer duration of hospitalization, and residence in a rural area. Mortality was associated with male sex, delayed hospital arrival (> 4 hours), higher coma grades ( Ⅲ & Ⅳ ), long duration of hospital stay (> one week), abnormal ABG (acidosis, low PO₂, decreased HCO₃, low PCO₂). Factors that predispose the patients to poor outcomes and predict mortality are extended hospital stay decreased HCO3, delayed hospital arrival, and a low level of TAC. TAC can be used as a prognostic factor in toxic coma cases. Conclusion : TAC may be used as a prognostic marker in patients of toxic coma together with other predictive factors. Recommendations: Future studies on large-scale populations are needed to confirm the present study results.
{"title":"Characteristics of toxic coma and the role of Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as a prognostic marker","authors":"O. Sweilum, F. Kandeel","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.96491.1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.96491.1222","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Coma is a state of loss of consciousness due to the disfunction of ascending reticular activating system. It is considered a life-threatening condition that needs immediate intervention. The body's total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is a biomarker that represents the amount of all endogenous antioxidants in the blood and body fluids. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of toxic coma and evaluate the predictive role of TAC analysis and other variables on the toxic coma outcome. Methodology: This prospective study was done on all patients diagnosed with toxic coma and admitted to MPCC of Menoufia university hospitals over one year of study. We recorded socio-demographic data (including age, sex, residence), causative toxic agent, and time passed from poison exposure to the hospital arrival, the manner of poisoning, duration of hospital stays, and outcome (Recovery or death). Investigations as arterial blood gases (pH, PO2 PCO2, HCO3) and serum TAC were measured. Results: The study found that the incidence of toxic coma was higher in the age group 15 - < 40 years, male gender, and delayed hospital arrivals. Drug overdose is the most common causative toxic agent, followed by insecticides, suicidal manner, longer duration of hospitalization, and residence in a rural area. Mortality was associated with male sex, delayed hospital arrival (> 4 hours), higher coma grades ( Ⅲ & Ⅳ ), long duration of hospital stay (> one week), abnormal ABG (acidosis, low PO₂, decreased HCO₃, low PCO₂). Factors that predispose the patients to poor outcomes and predict mortality are extended hospital stay decreased HCO3, delayed hospital arrival, and a low level of TAC. TAC can be used as a prognostic factor in toxic coma cases. Conclusion : TAC may be used as a prognostic marker in patients of toxic coma together with other predictive factors. Recommendations: Future studies on large-scale populations are needed to confirm the present study results.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90097721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2022.100752.1227
F. Kandeel, R. Azab
In both clinical and forensic medicine, injuries resulting from falls establish a non-negligible ratio of patients and post-mortem examinations. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the pattern of injuries and effect of level of fall among cases of fatal falls from height admitted to Menoufia University Hospital from the first of June 2016 to the end of May 2021. Patients & methods: This retrospective study data was retrieved from patients' medical reports and from patients' hospital records using a special questionnaire prepared for this purpose. Data were collected including socio-demographic data, fall characteristics (time and place of occurrence), the height of fall (fall height was classified into two categories: high (≥ 6 meter and low < 6meter), circumstances, injury pattern (site and type of injuries), duration of survival, level of consciousness according to Glasgow coma scale and possible cause of death. Results: The most represented age group was 18-<40years (41.5%) . Most of the cases were males (73.6%), accidental (98.1%), fell from ≥6 meters (56.6%), occurred at home (62.3%), at daytime (77.4), and 58.5% of cases showed injuries at multiple anatomical regions in the body. The level of fall significantly affected survival duration and types of chest and abdominal injuries. Central nervous system impairment was the cause of death in 73.6% of cases. Most patients (71.7%) had a Glasgow coma scale below 8. Conclusion : most cases were accidental, males, occurred at home, with multiple injuries. The level of fall significantly affected survival duration and types of chest and abdominal injuries. Recommendations: Necessary precautions to prevent accidental falls and safety measures for construction workers and window cleaners are mandatory.
{"title":"Fatal falls from height: Pattern of injuries and effect of level of fall","authors":"F. Kandeel, R. Azab","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.100752.1227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.100752.1227","url":null,"abstract":"In both clinical and forensic medicine, injuries resulting from falls establish a non-negligible ratio of patients and post-mortem examinations. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the pattern of injuries and effect of level of fall among cases of fatal falls from height admitted to Menoufia University Hospital from the first of June 2016 to the end of May 2021. Patients & methods: This retrospective study data was retrieved from patients' medical reports and from patients' hospital records using a special questionnaire prepared for this purpose. Data were collected including socio-demographic data, fall characteristics (time and place of occurrence), the height of fall (fall height was classified into two categories: high (≥ 6 meter and low < 6meter), circumstances, injury pattern (site and type of injuries), duration of survival, level of consciousness according to Glasgow coma scale and possible cause of death. Results: The most represented age group was 18-<40years (41.5%) . Most of the cases were males (73.6%), accidental (98.1%), fell from ≥6 meters (56.6%), occurred at home (62.3%), at daytime (77.4), and 58.5% of cases showed injuries at multiple anatomical regions in the body. The level of fall significantly affected survival duration and types of chest and abdominal injuries. Central nervous system impairment was the cause of death in 73.6% of cases. Most patients (71.7%) had a Glasgow coma scale below 8. Conclusion : most cases were accidental, males, occurred at home, with multiple injuries. The level of fall significantly affected survival duration and types of chest and abdominal injuries. Recommendations: Necessary precautions to prevent accidental falls and safety measures for construction workers and window cleaners are mandatory.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84067274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2022.166075.1274
N. Ramadan, Mervat Abd Elnaby, Maha Ahmed, N. Attia, N. Fayed
Background: Child abuse is still a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. The current study aims to assess suspected child abuse cases regarding the abuse type, its different patterns, and its relation to children's psychiatric disorders Materials and Methods: The current study is a prospective and retrospective cross-sectional statistical study conducted on suspected child abuse cases at the psychiatric outpatient clinic. All children suspected to be abused were included in this study. Parents were asked a prepared questionnaire about child abuse and their possible parental risk factors. Results: All children in this study were exposed to both emotional and physical abuse and only 10 cases were exposed to sexual abuse. Out of 360 children, 71.9% were males, 60% were in school age, and children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) were more abused and so the first child in the family. The more abusing families were of married parents, from urban areas, and had low income. Less-educated parents, working fathers, and nonworking mothers were common abusers. Substance abuse, smoking, and parental history of childhood abuse were significant risk factors for abuse. Conclusion: This study showed that physical and emotional abuse were common and significantly related to child psychiatric disease.
{"title":"Assessment Of Suspected Child Abuse Cases At Pediatric Psychiatry Clinic, Medicolegal Study","authors":"N. Ramadan, Mervat Abd Elnaby, Maha Ahmed, N. Attia, N. Fayed","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.166075.1274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.166075.1274","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Child abuse is still a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. The current study aims to assess suspected child abuse cases regarding the abuse type, its different patterns, and its relation to children's psychiatric disorders Materials and Methods: The current study is a prospective and retrospective cross-sectional statistical study conducted on suspected child abuse cases at the psychiatric outpatient clinic. All children suspected to be abused were included in this study. Parents were asked a prepared questionnaire about child abuse and their possible parental risk factors. Results: All children in this study were exposed to both emotional and physical abuse and only 10 cases were exposed to sexual abuse. Out of 360 children, 71.9% were males, 60% were in school age, and children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) were more abused and so the first child in the family. The more abusing families were of married parents, from urban areas, and had low income. Less-educated parents, working fathers, and nonworking mothers were common abusers. Substance abuse, smoking, and parental history of childhood abuse were significant risk factors for abuse. Conclusion: This study showed that physical and emotional abuse were common and significantly related to child psychiatric disease.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74300898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2022.109869.1230
H. Mostafa, Dalia Abdallah El-Shafei, Sara Elshiekh Altom, /Eman Ahmed Alaa El-Din
The recovery of a corpse from water raises an array of questions with no adequate answer, despite all signs that drowning cases could offer . This required other ancillary investigations such as; biochemical changes in different body fluids. Objectives: This work aimed at studying biochemical and electrolyte changes to differentiate true drowning from postmortem submersion in fresh and seawater using an experimental drowning model. Methods: Five groups of 8 adult male albino rats each were used, including anesthetically mechanically euthanized rats without exposure to submersion (as a control group), Group II: postmortem-submersion (PS) in freshwater, Group III: PS in saltwater, Group IV: truly drowned death (TDD) in freshwater, Group V: TDD in saltwater. Results: Certain markers significantly increased in the TDD of the saltwater compared to that of the freshwater group, such as sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), triglycerides, total protein, albumin, strontium (Sr) and cardiac troponin (pericardial fluid and peripheral blood). The summation of Na+, K+, Cl levels, and Sr concentration significantly increased in TDD of the saltwater group compared to the other groups. On the other hand, some parameters like blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and surfactant-associated protein (ASP-A) significantly increased in the TDD of the freshwater compared to those of the saltwater group. Conclusion: Serum electrolytes and biomarkers could serve as adjunct parameters in confirming drowning and differentiating between freshwater and saltwater drowning as well.
{"title":"Study of possible biomarkers and electrolytes for diagnosis of death in fresh and saltwater drowning: A continual challenge in forensic practice","authors":"H. Mostafa, Dalia Abdallah El-Shafei, Sara Elshiekh Altom, /Eman Ahmed Alaa El-Din","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.109869.1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.109869.1230","url":null,"abstract":"The recovery of a corpse from water raises an array of questions with no adequate answer, despite all signs that drowning cases could offer . This required other ancillary investigations such as; biochemical changes in different body fluids. Objectives: This work aimed at studying biochemical and electrolyte changes to differentiate true drowning from postmortem submersion in fresh and seawater using an experimental drowning model. Methods: Five groups of 8 adult male albino rats each were used, including anesthetically mechanically euthanized rats without exposure to submersion (as a control group), Group II: postmortem-submersion (PS) in freshwater, Group III: PS in saltwater, Group IV: truly drowned death (TDD) in freshwater, Group V: TDD in saltwater. Results: Certain markers significantly increased in the TDD of the saltwater compared to that of the freshwater group, such as sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), triglycerides, total protein, albumin, strontium (Sr) and cardiac troponin (pericardial fluid and peripheral blood). The summation of Na+, K+, Cl levels, and Sr concentration significantly increased in TDD of the saltwater group compared to the other groups. On the other hand, some parameters like blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and surfactant-associated protein (ASP-A) significantly increased in the TDD of the freshwater compared to those of the saltwater group. Conclusion: Serum electrolytes and biomarkers could serve as adjunct parameters in confirming drowning and differentiating between freshwater and saltwater drowning as well.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76942851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: HIV is one of the sexually transmitted infections of viral origin that occurs by contact with or transfer of blood, pre-ejaculates, semen and vaginal fluids. It is possible to get it through sexual assault incidents such as rape. Detection and confirmation of HIV in infected human blood traces and bloodstains found on the bloodstained clothes of sexual assault survivors are critical in forensic analysis, especially in rape cases involving suspected HIV positive perpetrators and an HIV negative victim. Genetic relatedness between the HIV strain in the survivor and that in the suspect might match in criminal prosecutions as evidence of responsibility for HIV transmission to the survivor. Objective : To determine the extent to which HIV antigens and antibodies can be detected on different bloodstained clothes to develop a forensic diagnostic methodology for rape cases and early intervention for Prophylaxis, particularly in a no-suspect case. Materials and Methods : This is a case-control clinic-based study carried out on ten adult HIV positive patients on antiretroviral (ART) drugs as “subjects” and ten adult HIV negative individuals as “controls”. Blood samples were obtained from all participants, spotted on three fabrics (100% cotton, 50% cotton mixed with 50% polyester and 100% polyester), then tested consecutively after one month and after four months for the presence of HIV antibodies using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Also, HIV-1 RNA PCR (viral load) on all participants’ samples. Findings were subjected to statistical analysis to compare the Subject's and Control's results. Results : All the subject's HIV ELISA results were positive for HIV, and their Plasma HIV-1 RNA PCR was detectable in different copies. At the same time, that of controls was negative and undetectable. After one month, there was no statistical significance difference (p>0.05) between plasma at zero-days and whole blood absorbance in the three different fabrics. But after four months, a statistically significant difference (<0.05) was recorded between plasma absorbance and whole blood absorbance on both 100% polyester
{"title":"HIV – FORENSICS: IDENTIFICATION OF HIV ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES ON BLOOD-STAINED CLOTHES","authors":"M. Idris, Onwumere Brian, Aliyu Babadoko, Bolanle Bakare, Usman Nasiru, Rabi Wada, Gambo Abba","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.90720.1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.90720.1213","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV is one of the sexually transmitted infections of viral origin that occurs by contact with or transfer of blood, pre-ejaculates, semen and vaginal fluids. It is possible to get it through sexual assault incidents such as rape. Detection and confirmation of HIV in infected human blood traces and bloodstains found on the bloodstained clothes of sexual assault survivors are critical in forensic analysis, especially in rape cases involving suspected HIV positive perpetrators and an HIV negative victim. Genetic relatedness between the HIV strain in the survivor and that in the suspect might match in criminal prosecutions as evidence of responsibility for HIV transmission to the survivor. Objective : To determine the extent to which HIV antigens and antibodies can be detected on different bloodstained clothes to develop a forensic diagnostic methodology for rape cases and early intervention for Prophylaxis, particularly in a no-suspect case. Materials and Methods : This is a case-control clinic-based study carried out on ten adult HIV positive patients on antiretroviral (ART) drugs as “subjects” and ten adult HIV negative individuals as “controls”. Blood samples were obtained from all participants, spotted on three fabrics (100% cotton, 50% cotton mixed with 50% polyester and 100% polyester), then tested consecutively after one month and after four months for the presence of HIV antibodies using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Also, HIV-1 RNA PCR (viral load) on all participants’ samples. Findings were subjected to statistical analysis to compare the Subject's and Control's results. Results : All the subject's HIV ELISA results were positive for HIV, and their Plasma HIV-1 RNA PCR was detectable in different copies. At the same time, that of controls was negative and undetectable. After one month, there was no statistical significance difference (p>0.05) between plasma at zero-days and whole blood absorbance in the three different fabrics. But after four months, a statistically significant difference (<0.05) was recorded between plasma absorbance and whole blood absorbance on both 100% polyester","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91534707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2022.151090.1261
E. Mahmoud, Mohammed E. Sarhan, Azza Abdel Zaher, M. Refaie, O. Mohamed, Asmaa Taghian
Objectives: Hydrogen cyanamide is the active gradient of dormex, which is sprayed on grapes for early bud break. The aim of the work: This study aims to detect the toxic effect of dormex on the brain and lungs of albino rats and the protective role of vitamin E. Methodology: This experimental study was conducted on forty-eight albino rats. They were divided randomly into four groups, with 12 rats in each group. Group I (control group) received saline. Group II received tocopherol (2 mg/kg). Group III received dormex (4 ml/kg). Group IV was given 4 mL/kg dormex and 2 mg/kg tocopherol. After 12 hours, venous blood samples were drawn for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and then all rats were sacrificed for histopathological studies, malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase. Dormex caused a significant increase in brain and lung MDA (0.001**), a significant decrease in brain and lung catalase (0.001**), and a significant decrease in serum total antioxidant capacity (0.001**). Vitamin E + dormex significantly reduced MDA in the brain and lungs (0.001**), significantly increased catalase in the brain and lungs (0.001**), and significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity (0.001**). Histopathological examination of the brain and lungs in the dormex group showed marked inflammatory changes, but in the group of dormex + vitamin E, mild inflammatory changes were detected. Conclusion: The present study concluded that dormex has highly toxic effects on the brain and lungs of rats, and vitamin E could prevent these dangerous effects.
{"title":"The effects of hydrogen cyanamide (dormex) on the brain and lungs of albino rats and the potential protective impact of vitamin E","authors":"E. Mahmoud, Mohammed E. Sarhan, Azza Abdel Zaher, M. Refaie, O. Mohamed, Asmaa Taghian","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.151090.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.151090.1261","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Hydrogen cyanamide is the active gradient of dormex, which is sprayed on grapes for early bud break. The aim of the work: This study aims to detect the toxic effect of dormex on the brain and lungs of albino rats and the protective role of vitamin E. Methodology: This experimental study was conducted on forty-eight albino rats. They were divided randomly into four groups, with 12 rats in each group. Group I (control group) received saline. Group II received tocopherol (2 mg/kg). Group III received dormex (4 ml/kg). Group IV was given 4 mL/kg dormex and 2 mg/kg tocopherol. After 12 hours, venous blood samples were drawn for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and then all rats were sacrificed for histopathological studies, malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase. Dormex caused a significant increase in brain and lung MDA (0.001**), a significant decrease in brain and lung catalase (0.001**), and a significant decrease in serum total antioxidant capacity (0.001**). Vitamin E + dormex significantly reduced MDA in the brain and lungs (0.001**), significantly increased catalase in the brain and lungs (0.001**), and significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity (0.001**). Histopathological examination of the brain and lungs in the dormex group showed marked inflammatory changes, but in the group of dormex + vitamin E, mild inflammatory changes were detected. Conclusion: The present study concluded that dormex has highly toxic effects on the brain and lungs of rats, and vitamin E could prevent these dangerous effects.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73361087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2022.118609.1242
Ahmed Said, Soheir K. Mohamed, Hend G. Aref, E. Ahmed, Marwa Hasb Elnabi
Background: One of the most essential and commonly utilized nanoparticles is zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). They are widely used in commercial items such as sunscreens and daily-care products, as well as in the food industry as a food additive and in food packaging because of their antibacterial and fungicidal properties. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the subacute toxic effects of different doses of ZnO-NPs on the kidneys of adult male albino rats. Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups (10 rats per group); Group I served as the control (Negative control), Group II ZnO-NPs treated group (10mg/kg/day), Group III ZnO-NPs treated group (100mg/kg/day) and Group IV ZnO-NPs treated group (200mg/kg/day) for 28 days orally. The levels of serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, and zinc were estimated. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers in kidney tissue, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated. Histopathological examination of the kidney tissues by light microscope was performed. Results: Oral ZnO-NPs induced a significant increase in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, and zinc in a dose-dependent manner as the higher the dose the more significant toxicity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles induced a significant elevation of MDA and a significant decrease in the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx in kidney tissue also in a dose-dependent manner as toxicity is more evident in the high doses. Also, significant histopathological changes were detected in the kidney tissues. Conclusion: It can be concluded that subacute oral administration of ZnO-NPs induces nephrotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner. The present study recommends that full attention must be given to evaluating the safety and toxicological issues of nanoparticles on the tissue, cells, and macromolecule of the human body.
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