Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2024.274756.1320
S. Ghaleb, Rahma Noureldin Mohamed, Mohamed Kamel Mohamed Kenawy, N. Elrewieny
BACKGROUND& OBJECTIVES : Suicide is a tragic and a potentially preventable public health problem. The mental health effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic might be profound and there are suggestions that suicide rates will rise. AIM OF THIS STUDY : to assess and identify the prevalence of suicidal cases presented to NECTR before and during COVID-19 pandemic SUBJECTS& METHODS : The study included 388 cases presented to NECTR during the period of the study which is 6 months before the pandemic and 6 months during the pandemic. RESULTS : The total number of cases during the pandemic was decreased compared to before the pandemic. The most common age group was the adult age group (18-25 years) with a higher percentage of females during the two study periods. The most common poison of suicide during the two periods was pesticides. There was a decrease in the mortality rate during the pandemic. The worst outcome was associated with pesticide poisoning and the highest poisoning severity scores. CONCLUSION: The current study confirming an overall effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of suicidal intoxications presented to NECTR.
{"title":"THE PREVALENCE OF SUICIDAL INTOXICATIONS AMONG CASES PRESENTED TO NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A COMPARATIVE STUDY","authors":"S. Ghaleb, Rahma Noureldin Mohamed, Mohamed Kamel Mohamed Kenawy, N. Elrewieny","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2024.274756.1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2024.274756.1320","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND& OBJECTIVES : Suicide is a tragic and a potentially preventable public health problem. The mental health effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic might be profound and there are suggestions that suicide rates will rise. AIM OF THIS STUDY : to assess and identify the prevalence of suicidal cases presented to NECTR before and during COVID-19 pandemic SUBJECTS& METHODS : The study included 388 cases presented to NECTR during the period of the study which is 6 months before the pandemic and 6 months during the pandemic. RESULTS : The total number of cases during the pandemic was decreased compared to before the pandemic. The most common age group was the adult age group (18-25 years) with a higher percentage of females during the two study periods. The most common poison of suicide during the two periods was pesticides. There was a decrease in the mortality rate during the pandemic. The worst outcome was associated with pesticide poisoning and the highest poisoning severity scores. CONCLUSION: The current study confirming an overall effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of suicidal intoxications presented to NECTR.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141406359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2024.291161.1329
R. Eltokhy, Walaa Abd El-Hady Abd El-Halim Abo Zeid, U. El-Barrany, Amani Fahmy, Hesham Abd El Hamid Farag, fatma soliman ali
Introduction: The terminal ballistics refers to the behavior of a missile after it hits the target. When terminal ballistics deals with human tissues as the target it is called wound ballistics. The morphology of inlet and exit lesions found with a rifled firearm weapon depends mainly on the direction of the projectile travel. The inlet is typically smaller, steady, and inverted, while the exit is a bigger, uneven, and abundantly bleeding injury. Aim: The current study aims to analyze the medicolegal aspect of firearm wounds among deaths referred to Zeinhom Morgue. Methodology: This study was a prospective cross-section study, including all firearm deaths, presented to the Zeinhom morgue for 6 months duration. Results: 157 deceased subjects (149 males, 8 females) were included in the study, their ages ranged between the 2nd and 7th Decades. 122 subjects were found to have only single firearm wound entry, and 47.1 % of them had exit wounds. The anteroposterior direction of firing has the highest percentage. The highest percentage was to the far firing. Conclusion and recommendations: There is a male predominance in firearm injury cases, especially in the middle age period. The majority of the studied cases had no medical interference and died at the scene. Thus we recommend decreasing the number of firearms used and sold in Egypt.
{"title":"MEDICOLEGAL STUDY OF FIREARM DEATHS PRESENTED TO ZEINHOM MORGUE","authors":"R. Eltokhy, Walaa Abd El-Hady Abd El-Halim Abo Zeid, U. El-Barrany, Amani Fahmy, Hesham Abd El Hamid Farag, fatma soliman ali","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2024.291161.1329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2024.291161.1329","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The terminal ballistics refers to the behavior of a missile after it hits the target. When terminal ballistics deals with human tissues as the target it is called wound ballistics. The morphology of inlet and exit lesions found with a rifled firearm weapon depends mainly on the direction of the projectile travel. The inlet is typically smaller, steady, and inverted, while the exit is a bigger, uneven, and abundantly bleeding injury. Aim: The current study aims to analyze the medicolegal aspect of firearm wounds among deaths referred to Zeinhom Morgue. Methodology: This study was a prospective cross-section study, including all firearm deaths, presented to the Zeinhom morgue for 6 months duration. Results: 157 deceased subjects (149 males, 8 females) were included in the study, their ages ranged between the 2nd and 7th Decades. 122 subjects were found to have only single firearm wound entry, and 47.1 % of them had exit wounds. The anteroposterior direction of firing has the highest percentage. The highest percentage was to the far firing. Conclusion and recommendations: There is a male predominance in firearm injury cases, especially in the middle age period. The majority of the studied cases had no medical interference and died at the scene. Thus we recommend decreasing the number of firearms used and sold in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2023.218749.1294
N. Elrewieny, Heba Mohamed Aboubakr, Heba Mostafa Ahmed, Shimaa Ahmed Alsaeed
Identification of age and sex are considered the cornerstone in biological profile determination in forensic anthropology. AIM OF THE STUDY: To establish a comparative evaluation of the accuracy of some knee bone measurements in sex and age discrimination. METHODS: The anthropometric measurements of knee bones were obtained from Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients in Kasr Elainy school of medicine. Discriminant function analysis is used for sex discrimination by using three measurements of the patella and three measurements of both distal femur & proximal tibia. RESULTS: Both distal femur & proximal tibia measurements were more accurate for sex differentiation. A six novel cutoff values were obtained by Roc curve for sex identification. Patella anteroposterior length showed a significant negative correlation with age by conducting a novel regression equation for age estimation. CONCLUSION: Measuring the patella and both distal femur & proximal tibia dimensions by the MRI scan can be efficient for sex discrimination with more accuracy in both distal femur & proximal tibia dimensions.
{"title":"The accuracy of the anthropometric measurements of knee bones in determination of age and sex in an Egyptian population sample.","authors":"N. Elrewieny, Heba Mohamed Aboubakr, Heba Mostafa Ahmed, Shimaa Ahmed Alsaeed","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.218749.1294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.218749.1294","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of age and sex are considered the cornerstone in biological profile determination in forensic anthropology. AIM OF THE STUDY: To establish a comparative evaluation of the accuracy of some knee bone measurements in sex and age discrimination. METHODS: The anthropometric measurements of knee bones were obtained from Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients in Kasr Elainy school of medicine. Discriminant function analysis is used for sex discrimination by using three measurements of the patella and three measurements of both distal femur & proximal tibia. RESULTS: Both distal femur & proximal tibia measurements were more accurate for sex differentiation. A six novel cutoff values were obtained by Roc curve for sex identification. Patella anteroposterior length showed a significant negative correlation with age by conducting a novel regression equation for age estimation. CONCLUSION: Measuring the patella and both distal femur & proximal tibia dimensions by the MRI scan can be efficient for sex discrimination with more accuracy in both distal femur & proximal tibia dimensions.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2023.227390.1300
Karima Mokhtar, esraa gamal, Ahmed mohamed, Ezz Eldin Shalaby
Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is primarily widespread in certain high-risk countries, including Egypt. It has been reported that FGM practice continues to exist because it is reinforced by customs, culture, beliefs, social pressure, religion, and the assumption that it increases a girl’s chance of marriageability. Objectives: To assess FGM in different places in Egypt regarding its incidence, medicolegal implications, and possible complications. Methods: This is an observational case-control clinical study that was conducted on females recruited consequently from the primary health care center, the Egyptian Ministry of Health, Safe Women Unit, and Gynecological Clinic of Kasr-Alainy University Hospital. The included females were classified into Group 1, the circumcised females (n=256), and Group II, the uncircumcised females (n=250). The participants underwent full history taking and clinical examination. Results: The majority of circumcised females (82%) were circumcised at the age range of 7-14 years. The decision-maker was mostly the mother (61.3%). The circumcision was performed by medical (43%), non-medical (43%), or paramedical (14.1%) persons. There was a statistical significance in the education level and the occupation between the two groups. A statistically significant higher percentage of vaginal dryness, loss of libido, vaginal infection, vaginismus, and dyspareunia was shown in the circumcised females. Conclusion: The decision maker for FGM was mostly the mother. A relatively large proportion of the procedures were performed by medical practitioners. Besides physical harm, psychological harm was encountered in the present study with half of the circumcised females. The educational level seems to be affecting the FGM practice.
{"title":"Female Genital Mutilation in Different Samples of Egyptian Females and its Medicolegal Implication","authors":"Karima Mokhtar, esraa gamal, Ahmed mohamed, Ezz Eldin Shalaby","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.227390.1300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.227390.1300","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is primarily widespread in certain high-risk countries, including Egypt. It has been reported that FGM practice continues to exist because it is reinforced by customs, culture, beliefs, social pressure, religion, and the assumption that it increases a girl’s chance of marriageability. Objectives: To assess FGM in different places in Egypt regarding its incidence, medicolegal implications, and possible complications. Methods: This is an observational case-control clinical study that was conducted on females recruited consequently from the primary health care center, the Egyptian Ministry of Health, Safe Women Unit, and Gynecological Clinic of Kasr-Alainy University Hospital. The included females were classified into Group 1, the circumcised females (n=256), and Group II, the uncircumcised females (n=250). The participants underwent full history taking and clinical examination. Results: The majority of circumcised females (82%) were circumcised at the age range of 7-14 years. The decision-maker was mostly the mother (61.3%). The circumcision was performed by medical (43%), non-medical (43%), or paramedical (14.1%) persons. There was a statistical significance in the education level and the occupation between the two groups. A statistically significant higher percentage of vaginal dryness, loss of libido, vaginal infection, vaginismus, and dyspareunia was shown in the circumcised females. Conclusion: The decision maker for FGM was mostly the mother. A relatively large proportion of the procedures were performed by medical practitioners. Besides physical harm, psychological harm was encountered in the present study with half of the circumcised females. The educational level seems to be affecting the FGM practice.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138614927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2023.237289.1306
S. Slima, Rasha M. Azab
{"title":"SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS USERS ADMITTED TO MENOUFIA POISONING AND DEPENDENCE CONTROL CENTER","authors":"S. Slima, Rasha M. Azab","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.237289.1306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.237289.1306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2023.223120.1298
S. Alsaeed, Rabab Eltokhy, Heba Aboubakr
Background: Biometric technologies for human identification have recently gained much attention. Because of their unique features of absolute identity and their frequent presence at crime scenes, fingerprints of an individual are considered one of the most important identification tools. The current work aims to study the usage of fingerprint ridge density for age and sex identification Methods: Fingerprint ridge density was investigated in 233 healthy Egyptian volunteers (130 males and 103 females), aged between 4 and 86 years, and was calculated as the number of ridges in 25 mm 2 areas. Linear regression was applied for age identification and Discriminant function analysis and Roc curve were done for sex identification. Results: There is a decrease in ridge density with aging, and we were able to obtain eight novel equations to determine the age for each fingerprint density. Ten novel equations to determine sex were obtained for each fingerprint density. In addition, we were able to gain two novel cut-off values by the Roc curve for sex identification. Conclusion: Age and sex differentiation can be applicable based on fingerprint ridge density using linear regression analysis, discriminant function analysis, and Roc curve methods; hence it is recommended to be employed in forensic practice.
背景:近年来，生物识别技术在人体身份识别方面受到了广泛关注。由于其绝对身份的独特特征和在犯罪现场的频繁出现，个人指纹被认为是最重要的身份识别工具之一。目前的工作旨在研究使用指纹脊密度进行年龄和性别鉴定的方法:对233名健康的埃及志愿者(130名男性和103名女性)进行指纹脊密度调查，年龄在4至86岁之间，并计算为25 mm 2区域的脊数。年龄鉴定采用线性回归，性别鉴定采用判别函数分析和Roc曲线。结果:指纹脊密度随年龄的增长而降低，我们可以得到8个新的方程来确定每个指纹密度的年龄。每个指纹密度都有10个新的确定性别的方程。此外，我们能够通过Roc曲线获得两个新的截断值用于性别识别。结论:采用线性回归分析、判别函数分析和Roc曲线分析等方法，可以根据指纹脊密度进行年龄和性别鉴别;因此，建议在法医实践中使用。
{"title":"APPLICATION OF FINGERPRINT RIDGE DENSITY FOR AGE AND SEX IDENTIFICATION IN NORTH EGYPTIAN POPULATION","authors":"S. Alsaeed, Rabab Eltokhy, Heba Aboubakr","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.223120.1298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.223120.1298","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Biometric technologies for human identification have recently gained much attention. Because of their unique features of absolute identity and their frequent presence at crime scenes, fingerprints of an individual are considered one of the most important identification tools. The current work aims to study the usage of fingerprint ridge density for age and sex identification Methods: Fingerprint ridge density was investigated in 233 healthy Egyptian volunteers (130 males and 103 females), aged between 4 and 86 years, and was calculated as the number of ridges in 25 mm 2 areas. Linear regression was applied for age identification and Discriminant function analysis and Roc curve were done for sex identification. Results: There is a decrease in ridge density with aging, and we were able to obtain eight novel equations to determine the age for each fingerprint density. Ten novel equations to determine sex were obtained for each fingerprint density. In addition, we were able to gain two novel cut-off values by the Roc curve for sex identification. Conclusion: Age and sex differentiation can be applicable based on fingerprint ridge density using linear regression analysis, discriminant function analysis, and Roc curve methods; hence it is recommended to be employed in forensic practice.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138610579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2023.231813.1302
Situhom Eagamy, Samy M Badawy, Naira F Girgis, fayrouz Nour Elden, Haidy Abouhatab, Amira Elseidy
BACKGROUND: Children maltreatment is a common problem worldwide which needs proper evaluation for better management and prevention. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether violence (physical and sexual) in children is associated with changes in cortisol hormone and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and their potential role in evaluating type, frequency, severity, and outcome of such violence. METHODOLOGY: This study included all children presented to Menoufia university hospital suffering from physical or sexual violence during the period of study, from the 1 st of December 2016 to the 30 th of November 2018. A clinical sheet was predesigned and fulfilled for the cases. Injured Patients were classified according to injury severity score (ISS). Blood samples were taken from case and controls groups for estimation of Cortisol and CRP levels. RESULTS: The study included 75 children who were victims of violence (physical or sexual) with girls’ predominance mostly from rural areas. Physical violence outnumbered sexual violence and violence was predominantly repeated. Contusions were the most presented external injuries while fractures were the commonest in internal injuries. According to ISS more than half of victims were of serious degree. The mortality rate was 8%. Violence against children was associated with changes in cortisol and CRP levels in comparison to controls. Cortisol levels changes were strongly connected to the type, frequency, and severity of violence, as well as the outcome of the cases, whereas changes in CRP levels were significantly related to the type and frequency of violence, and outcome of the cases. CONCLUSION: These markers could help physicians in early diagnosis and evaluation of children’s physical and sexual maltreatment as evidence of stress and inflammation especially in cases with vague history of abuse and vague physical signs that are not conclusive for assault.
{"title":"CORTISOL AND C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) LEVELS IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE ATTENDING MENOUFIA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS.","authors":"Situhom Eagamy, Samy M Badawy, Naira F Girgis, fayrouz Nour Elden, Haidy Abouhatab, Amira Elseidy","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.231813.1302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.231813.1302","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Children maltreatment is a common problem worldwide which needs proper evaluation for better management and prevention. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether violence (physical and sexual) in children is associated with changes in cortisol hormone and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and their potential role in evaluating type, frequency, severity, and outcome of such violence. METHODOLOGY: This study included all children presented to Menoufia university hospital suffering from physical or sexual violence during the period of study, from the 1 st of December 2016 to the 30 th of November 2018. A clinical sheet was predesigned and fulfilled for the cases. Injured Patients were classified according to injury severity score (ISS). Blood samples were taken from case and controls groups for estimation of Cortisol and CRP levels. RESULTS: The study included 75 children who were victims of violence (physical or sexual) with girls’ predominance mostly from rural areas. Physical violence outnumbered sexual violence and violence was predominantly repeated. Contusions were the most presented external injuries while fractures were the commonest in internal injuries. According to ISS more than half of victims were of serious degree. The mortality rate was 8%. Violence against children was associated with changes in cortisol and CRP levels in comparison to controls. Cortisol levels changes were strongly connected to the type, frequency, and severity of violence, as well as the outcome of the cases, whereas changes in CRP levels were significantly related to the type and frequency of violence, and outcome of the cases. CONCLUSION: These markers could help physicians in early diagnosis and evaluation of children’s physical and sexual maltreatment as evidence of stress and inflammation especially in cases with vague history of abuse and vague physical signs that are not conclusive for assault.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139025664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2023.222248.1296
Reham El-Farouny, heba allah mabrouk, Nagwa Habib
Background: The use of immunoassays for drug screening has increased due to their sensitivity towards target analytes. Due to their potential to interfere with drug screening tests and provide false findings, adulterants pose a new challenge in the detection of drug abuse. Objectives: The current study aims to evaluate the effect of some adulterants on the detection of drug abuse in urine tested by immunoassay test strips and the effect of the adulterants on the validity of the results of these tests. Methodology: Urine samples tested positive by immunoassay test strips for one of the five abused drugs (tramadol, cannabis, morphine, benzodiazepines (BDZ), and amphetamines) were used. With the help of Indiko (Thermoscientific fully automated urine enzyme immunoassay), we chose two different concentrations of each drug, the first is just above the cutoff level of test strips, and the other is higher than the double cutoff. Four adulterants (vinegar, bleach, Visine eye drops, and water) were tested for their ability to generate false negative results for the chromatographic immunoassay test strips. Each adulterant was added to a urine sample containing 1 of 5 different drugs at fixed concentrations. Adulterants were also added to negative control samples to reveal how integrity criteria (Ph) and specific gravity (SG) were affected . Results: Out of the 4 adulterants, vinegar generated the most false negatives. Bleach turned both low and high concentrations of positive cannabis samples into negative ones. Visine eye drops masked the positivity of the low-concentration cannabis sample. Water was effective in concealing the positivity of the low-concentration BDZ sample. Conclusion: A positive urine sample that includes drugs may nevertheless be examined and declared "clean and free of drugs" after passing a routine screening procedure. We recommend that drug screening tests be frequently combined with adulterant test strips to guarantee that the integrity of the specimen has not been compromised before drug testing.
{"title":"The Effect of Some Adulterants on Drug Abuse Detection by Immunoassay Test Strips","authors":"Reham El-Farouny, heba allah mabrouk, Nagwa Habib","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2023.222248.1296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2023.222248.1296","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of immunoassays for drug screening has increased due to their sensitivity towards target analytes. Due to their potential to interfere with drug screening tests and provide false findings, adulterants pose a new challenge in the detection of drug abuse. Objectives: The current study aims to evaluate the effect of some adulterants on the detection of drug abuse in urine tested by immunoassay test strips and the effect of the adulterants on the validity of the results of these tests. Methodology: Urine samples tested positive by immunoassay test strips for one of the five abused drugs (tramadol, cannabis, morphine, benzodiazepines (BDZ), and amphetamines) were used. With the help of Indiko (Thermoscientific fully automated urine enzyme immunoassay), we chose two different concentrations of each drug, the first is just above the cutoff level of test strips, and the other is higher than the double cutoff. Four adulterants (vinegar, bleach, Visine eye drops, and water) were tested for their ability to generate false negative results for the chromatographic immunoassay test strips. Each adulterant was added to a urine sample containing 1 of 5 different drugs at fixed concentrations. Adulterants were also added to negative control samples to reveal how integrity criteria (Ph) and specific gravity (SG) were affected . Results: Out of the 4 adulterants, vinegar generated the most false negatives. Bleach turned both low and high concentrations of positive cannabis samples into negative ones. Visine eye drops masked the positivity of the low-concentration cannabis sample. Water was effective in concealing the positivity of the low-concentration BDZ sample. Conclusion: A positive urine sample that includes drugs may nevertheless be examined and declared \"clean and free of drugs\" after passing a routine screening procedure. We recommend that drug screening tests be frequently combined with adulterant test strips to guarantee that the integrity of the specimen has not been compromised before drug testing.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138615145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2022.168424.1277
Nazih Ramadan, Nancy Zaghloul, Sahar Issa
{"title":"FORENSIC CORRELATION OF LIP PRINTS PATTERNS AND SEX DETERMINATION AMONG ADULT EGYPTIANS: LIP PRINT VERSUS LIP DIMENSION","authors":"Nazih Ramadan, Nancy Zaghloul, Sahar Issa","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2022.168424.1277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2022.168424.1277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2023.218081.1292
Haidy Abouhatab, fatma kandeel
Background : in Egypt, there are several species of poisonous snakes. The current work aimed to evaluate the clinical and biochemical predictors of snakebite-poisoned patients admitted to Menoufia university poison control center (MPCC). Patients and methods : this work was an observational study done on 67 snakebite cases. Patient's data included sociodemographic data, site of bite, season of bite occurrence, time of presentation to hospital, and clinical manifestations with local and systemic examination. Required laboratory investigations were arterial blood gases (ABGS), complete blood count (CBC), international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time (pt), liver enzymes (ALT and AST), serum creatinine and blood electrolytes (sodium and potassium). Cases were classified according to the snakebite weakness and paralysis scoring into symptomatized four groups. The outcome is categorized as cured or dead. Results : the total number of cases was 67 patients manifested with neurotoxicity. Patients were sorted into grade 1 (38 cases), grade 2 (14 cases) grade 3 (8 cases), and grade 4 (7 cases). Most of the cases in whole and in different severity groups were males, in the age group 18-60 years, and from rural areas. As regards the time of presentation, 44.8% of all cases were presented in less than 4 hours. Regarding the place of admission, 77.6% of patients were admitted to the toxicology department. The most common local manifestations were fang marks and pain. Ptosis was the most common neuromuscular manifestation. Most cases were cured (97.0 %). Mortality rate was 3%. Patients with grade 3 and grade 4 snake severity scores were associated with affection of ABGS findings with hypoxia and respiratory acidosis, and with increased white blood cell count, elevated serum creatinine, and liver enzymes (AST, and ALT). Conclusion and recommendations : snakebites are a life-threatening condition. In the present study, neurotoxic snakebites were the most common type of snake in the Menoufia governorate. Patients with respiratory failure and needing mechanical ventilation were associated with increased mortality. Laboratory parameters such as ABGS, WBC, serum creatinine, AST, and alt were important predictors of severity.
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