Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35841/cardiology.4.1.29-37
A. Vilela, J. Assef, E. Santos, Fern, O. R. Ramos, D. L. Bihan, R. Barretto, A. Sousa
Background: The main objective of our study was to identify, by means of global longitudinal strain (GLS), territorial strain (TS), and postsystolic shortening (PSS) of left ventricle, which patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation (NSTE-ACS) had ≥ 70% coronary stenosis. Methods: One hundred patients (PTS) with diagnosis of NSTE-ACS were stratified according to GRACE risk score, and underwent coronary angiography. GLS and TS were calculated. We also evaluated the strain curves in the 18 segments to identify the presence of the PSS and to calculate the post systolic index (PSI). Results: Mean age was 60 ± 11. 4, 62% was male. The majority were low and moderate cardiovascular risk. They were divided into group A (34 PTS) with coronary stenosis<70% and group B (66 PTS) with coronary stenosis ≥ 70%. Clinical score was higher in group B (GRACE=88. 7 ± 24. 18, p=0. 040) and 98. 5% was in low/moderate risk by GRACE score. GLS allowed the identification of PTS with coronary stenosis ≥ 70% in this group (AUC=0. 72, p=0. 001, sensitivity=58%, specificity=88%, positive predictive value=75. 1% and negative predictive value=74. 9%). Regarding the TS, the accuracy to determine coronary stenosis ≥ 70% was 0. 70 (p=0,001). The accuracy of the PSS in detecting coronary stenosis ≥ 70% was 69. 3%, with sensitivity estimated at 73. 3% and specificity at 60. 7%. Conclusion: The GLS, territorial strain, and PSS may improve the detection of severe coronary stenosis in patients with low/moderate risk by GRACE risk score. Thus, it can be an additional tool for a better stratification of such patients in the emergency unit.
{"title":"Identification of severe coronary stenosis by two-dimensional strain in acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation.","authors":"A. Vilela, J. Assef, E. Santos, Fern, O. R. Ramos, D. L. Bihan, R. Barretto, A. Sousa","doi":"10.35841/cardiology.4.1.29-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/cardiology.4.1.29-37","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The main objective of our study was to identify, by means of global longitudinal strain (GLS), territorial strain (TS), and postsystolic shortening (PSS) of left ventricle, which patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation (NSTE-ACS) had ≥ 70% coronary stenosis. Methods: One hundred patients (PTS) with diagnosis of NSTE-ACS were stratified according to GRACE risk score, and underwent coronary angiography. GLS and TS were calculated. We also evaluated the strain curves in the 18 segments to identify the presence of the PSS and to calculate the post systolic index (PSI). Results: Mean age was 60 ± 11. 4, 62% was male. The majority were low and moderate cardiovascular risk. They were divided into group A (34 PTS) with coronary stenosis<70% and group B (66 PTS) with coronary stenosis ≥ 70%. Clinical score was higher in group B (GRACE=88. 7 ± 24. 18, p=0. 040) and 98. 5% was in low/moderate risk by GRACE score. GLS allowed the identification of PTS with coronary stenosis ≥ 70% in this group (AUC=0. 72, p=0. 001, sensitivity=58%, specificity=88%, positive predictive value=75. 1% and negative predictive value=74. 9%). Regarding the TS, the accuracy to determine coronary stenosis ≥ 70% was 0. 70 (p=0,001). The accuracy of the PSS in detecting coronary stenosis ≥ 70% was 69. 3%, with sensitivity estimated at 73. 3% and specificity at 60. 7%. Conclusion: The GLS, territorial strain, and PSS may improve the detection of severe coronary stenosis in patients with low/moderate risk by GRACE risk score. Thus, it can be an additional tool for a better stratification of such patients in the emergency unit.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"55 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91029921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4149/cardiol_2020_4_5
O. Beňačka, V. Horváth, R. Hatala, E. Goncalvesová
{"title":"Exaktné hodnotenie funkcie ľavej komory / Exact classification of left ventricular function","authors":"O. Beňačka, V. Horváth, R. Hatala, E. Goncalvesová","doi":"10.4149/cardiol_2020_4_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/cardiol_2020_4_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"229-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79349755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4149/cardiol_2020_3_7
K. Beňová, Z. Horvátová
{"title":"Vplyv antidepresív na kardiovaskulárny systém a bezpečnosť kardiovaskulárnych liečiv pri depresívnych poruchách / The effect of antidepressants on the cardiovascular system and the safety of cardiovascular drugs in depressive disorders","authors":"K. Beňová, Z. Horvátová","doi":"10.4149/cardiol_2020_3_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/cardiol_2020_3_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"149 1","pages":"160-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73710374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.4.1.15-17
Mohammad Miah, M. Uddin, M. P. Ahmed, S. A. Nahian, Thomas Seddon, A. Ashoub
The inconsistent use of prophylactic measures for VTE in hospital patients has been widely reported. A UK survey suggested that 71% of patients assessed to be at medium or high risk of developing deep vein thrombosis did not receive any form of mechanical or pharmacological VTE prophylaxis. All patients to be assessed on admission to identify those who are at increased risk of VTE. Our audit objective was to find out any perioperative period in which patient was not on AES, if there was any. Consecutive 300 patients underwent Cardiac Surgery between August 2017 and December 2017 at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham were included. Vast majority of the patients were found more than 5 days without AES. More wide use of VTE prophylaxis, early mobilization, and better perioperative care have reduced the incidence of VTE in surgical patients. Keywords: Anti-embolic Stockings, Cardiac surgery.
{"title":"Anti-embolic stockings (AES) for cardiac surgery patients in the perioperative period.","authors":"Mohammad Miah, M. Uddin, M. P. Ahmed, S. A. Nahian, Thomas Seddon, A. Ashoub","doi":"10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.4.1.15-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.4.1.15-17","url":null,"abstract":"The inconsistent use of prophylactic measures for VTE in hospital patients has been widely reported. A UK survey suggested that 71% of patients assessed to be at medium or high risk of developing deep vein thrombosis did not receive any form of mechanical or pharmacological VTE prophylaxis. All patients to be assessed on admission to identify those who are at increased risk of VTE. Our audit objective was to find out any perioperative period in which patient was not on AES, if there was any. Consecutive 300 patients underwent Cardiac Surgery between August 2017 and December 2017 at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham were included. Vast majority of the patients were found more than 5 days without AES. More wide use of VTE prophylaxis, early mobilization, and better perioperative care have reduced the incidence of VTE in surgical patients. Keywords: Anti-embolic Stockings, Cardiac surgery.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"260 1","pages":"15-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77696872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4149/cardiol_2020_2_7
M. Dúbrava, F. Németh, T. Drobná, L. Gerlich
Dubrava M, Nemeth F, Drobna T, Gerlich L. Polypill in seniors: possible frequency of fixed drug combination according to the SAFIS study. Cardiology Lett. 2020;29(2):97–101 Abstract. Aims: Polypharmacy is one of the most typical features of geriatrics. Unreliable drug usage belongs to its risks, among others. One way of reducing this risk is to integrate more drugs into one tablet (polypill). Nowadays this could be done especially in cardiovascular medicine. Real world data from the health care provided in Slovakia, which would reflect the potential for switching from more tabs with one drug towards the polypill in seniors, are almost unknown. Methods: We used the “Slovak Audit of atrial FIbrillation Study” (SAFIS) data (3 706 patients, average age 80.5 years) and evaluated how frequently patients had the combination of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or an AT1-receptor for angiotensin II inhibitor (ARB) and a diuretic, an ACEI/ARB and a betablocker (BB), an ACEI/ARB and a statin or at least 3 out of these 4 drug groups at discharge. Results: The average number of recommended drugs was 9.1 at discharge. A diuretic, BB, statin or ACEI/ ARB was recommended in 68.9, 64.1, 31.9 and 52.4% of patients respectively. Simultaneous treatment with a diuretic and an ACEI/ARB, BB and an ACEI/ARB, statin and an ACEI/ARB was recommended in 37.9, 36.2, and 19.7% patients respectively. The frequency of these co-treatments was typically higher than 40% in 65-79 yrs. old, declining with age moderately, but staying above 20% even in the oldest (90 yrs. and older) for combinations of an ACEI/ARB with a diuretic or a BB. At least 3 drugs from the groups ACEI/ARB, BB, diuretics, statins were recommended in 38.6% of patients. Conclusion: The potential for the reduction of the number of daily used tablets with their integration in a polypill is really high in seniors. Fig. 1, Tab. 1, Ref. 20, on-line full text (Free, PDF) www.cardiologyletters.sk
Dubrava M, Nemeth F, Drobna T, Gerlich L.老年人多药片:根据SAFIS研究，固定药物联合的可能频率。心内科杂志，2020;29(2):97-101目的:多种用药是老年医学最典型的特征之一。不可靠的药物使用属于其风险之一。降低这种风险的一种方法是将更多的药物整合到一片药片中(复方药片)。现在这可以做到，特别是在心血管医学。斯洛伐克提供的卫生保健的真实世界数据几乎是未知的，这些数据将反映老年人从使用一种药物的多片药物转向使用复合药片的可能性。方法:我们使用“斯洛伐克房颤审计研究”(SAFIS)的数据(3706例患者，平均年龄80.5岁)，并评估患者在出院时联合使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)或血管紧张素II抑制剂(ARB)的at1受体和利尿剂、ACEI/ARB和β受体阻滞剂(BB)、ACEI/ARB和他汀类药物或这4种药物组中至少3种的频率。结果:出院时平均推荐药物为9.1种。分别有68.9、64.1、31.9和52.4%的患者推荐利尿剂、BB、他汀类药物或ACEI/ ARB。推荐同时使用利尿剂和ACEI/ARB、BB和ACEI/ARB、他汀类药物和ACEI/ARB的患者分别为37.9%、36.2%和19.7%。在65-79岁期间，这些联合治疗的频率通常高于40%。老年，随着年龄的增长而适度下降，但即使是最老的(90岁)也保持在20%以上。ACEI/ARB与利尿剂或BB的联合用药。38.6%的患者至少推荐ACEI/ARB、BB、利尿剂、他汀类药物组中的3种药物。结论:在老年人中，将其整合成复方片剂，减少日用量的潜力很大。图1，表1，参考文献20，在线全文(免费，PDF) www.cardiologyletters.sk
{"title":"„Polypill“ u seniorov: možná frekvencia používania fixných kombinácií liečiv podľa údajov zo štúdie SAFIS / Polypill in seniors: possible frequency of fixed drug combination according to the SAFIS study","authors":"M. Dúbrava, F. Németh, T. Drobná, L. Gerlich","doi":"10.4149/cardiol_2020_2_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/cardiol_2020_2_7","url":null,"abstract":"Dubrava M, Nemeth F, Drobna T, Gerlich L. Polypill in seniors: possible frequency of fixed drug combination according to the SAFIS study. Cardiology Lett. 2020;29(2):97–101 Abstract. Aims: Polypharmacy is one of the most typical features of geriatrics. Unreliable drug usage belongs to its risks, among others. One way of reducing this risk is to integrate more drugs into one tablet (polypill). Nowadays this could be done especially in cardiovascular medicine. Real world data from the health care provided in Slovakia, which would reflect the potential for switching from more tabs with one drug towards the polypill in seniors, are almost unknown. Methods: We used the “Slovak Audit of atrial FIbrillation Study” (SAFIS) data (3 706 patients, average age 80.5 years) and evaluated how frequently patients had the combination of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or an AT1-receptor for angiotensin II inhibitor (ARB) and a diuretic, an ACEI/ARB and a betablocker (BB), an ACEI/ARB and a statin or at least 3 out of these 4 drug groups at discharge. Results: The average number of recommended drugs was 9.1 at discharge. A diuretic, BB, statin or ACEI/ ARB was recommended in 68.9, 64.1, 31.9 and 52.4% of patients respectively. Simultaneous treatment with a diuretic and an ACEI/ARB, BB and an ACEI/ARB, statin and an ACEI/ARB was recommended in 37.9, 36.2, and 19.7% patients respectively. The frequency of these co-treatments was typically higher than 40% in 65-79 yrs. old, declining with age moderately, but staying above 20% even in the oldest (90 yrs. and older) for combinations of an ACEI/ARB with a diuretic or a BB. At least 3 drugs from the groups ACEI/ARB, BB, diuretics, statins were recommended in 38.6% of patients. Conclusion: The potential for the reduction of the number of daily used tablets with their integration in a polypill is really high in seniors. Fig. 1, Tab. 1, Ref. 20, on-line full text (Free, PDF) www.cardiologyletters.sk","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73627199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35841/cardiology.4.1.38-41
Sameer Ambar, S. Patted, S. Porwal, R. PrasadM., Vijay Metgudmath, Anupama Khanapur
Background: Rheumatic Mitral stenosis is a concern in developing world. Quantification of the left atrium (LA) strain by bi-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is a new diagnostic technique. Objectives: To assess the left atrium function by Two-Dimensional Speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis (MS), among the patients undergoing balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) procedure. Methodology: Echocardiography examination was conducted among 37 patients with rheumatic MS, before and after 24 hours of BMV were included. Functional assessment of LA was done by the assessment of MS by planimetry method, mean pressure gradient and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Distribution of mitral valve area (MVA), myocardial perfusion grade (MVG), LA volume, STE 4C and STE 2C were assessed before and after treatment. Comparison of variables between pre-test and post-test of mean pressure gradient (MPG), STE 4C, STE 2C and global longitudinal strain (GLS) was done using Student’s “t” test and comparison of MVA and LA volume was carried out using Wilcoxon signed rank test with p-value<0.05 considered as significant. Results: Mitral valve area increased to 1.7+0.11 cm2 post- BMV with a statistical significance of p<0.0001. LA volume showed a marked reduction after BMV i.e. 51.34 ± 20.14 sq.cm. There was a significant improvement in the LA strain i.e. STE 4C, STE 2C and GLA; with p<0.001. Conclusion: A marked improvement of the LA function among the patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis was observed, which was an indicator of successful BMV, with the aid of STE.
{"title":"Left atrium function testing in pre- and post-balloon mitral valvotomy patients using 2d speckle tracking of strain imaging.","authors":"Sameer Ambar, S. Patted, S. Porwal, R. PrasadM., Vijay Metgudmath, Anupama Khanapur","doi":"10.35841/cardiology.4.1.38-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/cardiology.4.1.38-41","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rheumatic Mitral stenosis is a concern in developing world. Quantification of the left atrium (LA) strain by bi-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is a new diagnostic technique. Objectives: To assess the left atrium function by Two-Dimensional Speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis (MS), among the patients undergoing balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) procedure. Methodology: Echocardiography examination was conducted among 37 patients with rheumatic MS, before and after 24 hours of BMV were included. Functional assessment of LA was done by the assessment of MS by planimetry method, mean pressure gradient and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Distribution of mitral valve area (MVA), myocardial perfusion grade (MVG), LA volume, STE 4C and STE 2C were assessed before and after treatment. Comparison of variables between pre-test and post-test of mean pressure gradient (MPG), STE 4C, STE 2C and global longitudinal strain (GLS) was done using Student’s “t” test and comparison of MVA and LA volume was carried out using Wilcoxon signed rank test with p-value<0.05 considered as significant. Results: Mitral valve area increased to 1.7+0.11 cm2 post- BMV with a statistical significance of p<0.0001. LA volume showed a marked reduction after BMV i.e. 51.34 ± 20.14 sq.cm. There was a significant improvement in the LA strain i.e. STE 4C, STE 2C and GLA; with p<0.001. Conclusion: A marked improvement of the LA function among the patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis was observed, which was an indicator of successful BMV, with the aid of STE.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"33 1","pages":"38-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87964300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.4149/cardiol_2020_2_8
L. Gaspar, S. Filipová
{"title":"Indikácie a význam AMTK v klinickej praxi / Indication and importance of ABPM in clinical practice","authors":"L. Gaspar, S. Filipová","doi":"10.4149/cardiol_2020_2_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/cardiol_2020_2_8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"71 1","pages":"102-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82192318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining the Gallstone Existence in Patients with Coronary Artery Stenosis Compared to Non-Coronary Artery Stenosis","authors":"Mehrnoosh Boroomandpoor, Nika Hajatpour","doi":"10.36478/tcard.2019.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36478/tcard.2019.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87169343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.36478/TCARD.2014.7.10
R. Jayasinghe, R. Markham, Kais Hyasat, G. Adsett
To produce a high quality article for physicians that reviews the current literature pertaining to NOAC's, in particular, their use in clinical practice, known drug interactions and side effect profile. Medline, Cochrane and PubMed databases were searched for the most recent and clinically sound articles pertaining apixaban, rivaroxaban and dabigatran. Researchers found the trials for each of these NOAC's to be sound and have results that can be translated into clinical practice.
{"title":"Introduction to New Oral Anticoagulants (NOAC’s)","authors":"R. Jayasinghe, R. Markham, Kais Hyasat, G. Adsett","doi":"10.36478/TCARD.2014.7.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36478/TCARD.2014.7.10","url":null,"abstract":"To produce a high quality article for physicians that reviews the current literature pertaining to NOAC's, in particular, their use in clinical practice, known drug interactions and side effect profile. Medline, Cochrane and PubMed databases were searched for the most recent and clinically sound articles pertaining apixaban, rivaroxaban and dabigatran. Researchers found the trials for each of these NOAC's to be sound and have results that can be translated into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76698722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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