Received: September 04, 2018; Accepted: September 19, 2018; Published: September 24, 2018 In 2013 the European Atherosclerosis panel [1] highlighted the under diagnosis and under treatment of patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (heFH) in most, if not all, European countries. In the UK, NICE recently updated its clinical guideline (CG71) to primary care doctors for screening patients and identifying patients with heFH [2]. Are we any closer to knowing the true prevalence of heFH?
{"title":"Still seeking the missing patients with familial hypercholesterolemia","authors":"D. Ansell","doi":"10.15761/jccr.1000101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jccr.1000101","url":null,"abstract":"Received: September 04, 2018; Accepted: September 19, 2018; Published: September 24, 2018 In 2013 the European Atherosclerosis panel [1] highlighted the under diagnosis and under treatment of patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (heFH) in most, if not all, European countries. In the UK, NICE recently updated its clinical guideline (CG71) to primary care doctors for screening patients and identifying patients with heFH [2]. Are we any closer to knowing the true prevalence of heFH?","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81505160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.31-33
K. Mezue, Seyedhesamaldin Mostafavitoroghi, Pradhum Ram, ParasuramKrishnamoorthy, Majorie Stanek, Edwin Tulloch-Reid, E. Madu
Constrictive pericarditis is characterized by scarring and loss of elasticity of the Pericardium, and subsequently, this leads to signs and symptoms of right heart failure. Common etiologies include previous cardiac surgery, repeated pericarditis, and Radiation therapy. However, less common causes include tuberculosis, neoplasms, and autoimmune disorders. Here we present a rare case of constrictive pericarditis of possible tuberculous etiology and review the diagnosis and management of the condition.
{"title":"The mystery of a deadly recurrent constrictive pericarditis: TB or not TB?","authors":"K. Mezue, Seyedhesamaldin Mostafavitoroghi, Pradhum Ram, ParasuramKrishnamoorthy, Majorie Stanek, Edwin Tulloch-Reid, E. Madu","doi":"10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.31-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.31-33","url":null,"abstract":"Constrictive pericarditis is characterized by scarring and loss of elasticity of the Pericardium, and subsequently, this leads to signs and symptoms of right heart failure. Common etiologies include previous cardiac surgery, repeated pericarditis, and Radiation therapy. However, less common causes include tuberculosis, neoplasms, and autoimmune disorders. Here we present a rare case of constrictive pericarditis of possible tuberculous etiology and review the diagnosis and management of the condition.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"15 1","pages":"31-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73418478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.55-59
Tarek Ajam, Anuj Chhaparia, Z. Oman, A. Mehdirad
With the alarming rise in prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the world, there is an increasing need to recognize the strong association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease (CVD). NAFLD is dynamically involved in the pathogenesis of CVD through the processes that include increased oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, accelerated progression of atherosclerosis, and irregular fatty acid, glucose, and lipoprotein metabolism. By reviewing and understanding the mechanisms, the aim of this review is to introduce the association between NAFLD and CVD to health care providers and the importance of statin therapy and mortality benefits. More importantly, we discuss the role of statins as a treatment strategy and possible future directions.
{"title":"It?s time to focus on decreasing cardiovascular mortality in NAFLDpopulation: potential use of statins and PCSK9 inhibitors.","authors":"Tarek Ajam, Anuj Chhaparia, Z. Oman, A. Mehdirad","doi":"10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.55-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.55-59","url":null,"abstract":"With the alarming rise in prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the world, there is an increasing need to recognize the strong association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease (CVD). NAFLD is dynamically involved in the pathogenesis of CVD through the processes that include increased oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, accelerated progression of atherosclerosis, and irregular fatty acid, glucose, and lipoprotein metabolism. By reviewing and understanding the mechanisms, the aim of this review is to introduce the association between NAFLD and CVD to health care providers and the importance of statin therapy and mortality benefits. More importantly, we discuss the role of statins as a treatment strategy and possible future directions.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"99 1","pages":"55-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83345042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.35841/cardiology.1.2.39-46
MaraviÄ-StojkoviÄ Vera, S. Branislav, PeriÄ Miodrag
The purpose of this article is to give an insight into current trends of immunosuppression in heart transplantation. Presently available classes of drugs: steroids, antimetabolites, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, calcineurin inhibitors, proliferation signal inhibitors have been described closely. These drugs are in use either in a prophylactic manner or as the part of the maintenance immunosuppressive regimen. Induction therapy provides immune suppression as key point to induce graft tolerance. The backbone of immunosuppression in organ transplant recipient: cyclosporine A and tacrolimus have been widely used as maintenance therapy in combination with adjunctive immunosuppressant. We also mentioned the immunosuppressive agents in development: lymphocyte modulation therapy, tolerance induction drugs, gene therapy possibilities and xenotransplantation as option to overcome the organ shortage. After heart transplantation immunosuppressive medications are used to reduce the risk of donor`s organ rejection. The focus is to prevent graft rejection, since host immune system is programmed to attack foreign antigens which could cause injuries and lifethreatening conditions. The possibility of rejection is everlasting, which inevitably demands the use of immunosuppressive drugs and raise the risk of unwanted side effects. Post-operative complications include hyper acute, acute or chronic rejection, as well as post-transplant lymphoprolipherative disorders, and permanent susceptibility to various infections. Unfortunately, some recipients developed the renal failure or malignant diseases due to the aggressive immunosuppression. Immunosuppressant agents differ not only in mechanism of action but also in undesirable side effects. This offers an opportunity to combine drugs with synergistic actions and chance to successfully tailor anti-rejection therapy after heart transplantation.
{"title":"Modern immunosuppressive agents after heart transplantation","authors":"MaraviÄ-StojkoviÄ Vera, S. Branislav, PeriÄ Miodrag","doi":"10.35841/cardiology.1.2.39-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/cardiology.1.2.39-46","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to give an insight into current trends of immunosuppression in heart transplantation. Presently available classes of drugs: steroids, antimetabolites, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, calcineurin inhibitors, proliferation signal inhibitors have been described closely. These drugs are in use either in a prophylactic manner or as the part of the maintenance immunosuppressive regimen. Induction therapy provides immune suppression as key point to induce graft tolerance. The backbone of immunosuppression in organ transplant recipient: cyclosporine A and tacrolimus have been widely used as maintenance therapy in combination with adjunctive immunosuppressant. We also mentioned the immunosuppressive agents in development: lymphocyte modulation therapy, tolerance induction drugs, gene therapy possibilities and xenotransplantation as option to overcome the organ shortage. After heart transplantation immunosuppressive medications are used to reduce the risk of donor`s organ rejection. The focus is to prevent graft rejection, since host immune system is programmed to attack foreign antigens which could cause injuries and lifethreatening conditions. The possibility of rejection is everlasting, which inevitably demands the use of immunosuppressive drugs and raise the risk of unwanted side effects. Post-operative complications include hyper acute, acute or chronic rejection, as well as post-transplant lymphoprolipherative disorders, and permanent susceptibility to various infections. Unfortunately, some recipients developed the renal failure or malignant diseases due to the aggressive immunosuppression. Immunosuppressant agents differ not only in mechanism of action but also in undesirable side effects. This offers an opportunity to combine drugs with synergistic actions and chance to successfully tailor anti-rejection therapy after heart transplantation.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"46 1","pages":"39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74502321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.21-30
Elio Aloia, M. Cameli, Aleks, er Dokollari, Gianluigi Buccoliero, M. Stricagnoli, C. Rizzo, M. GiuliaElena, Olì, Aladino Ibrahim, M. Maccherini, S. Mondillo
Background: Incidence and prevalence of heart failure are rising up. In patients with advanced heart failure (AHF), Left Ventricular (LV) assist devices (LVADs) are an increasingly common therapy for AHF. Right ventricular failure (RVF) and device related issues make this therapy a challenge to apply to a broader population. On the other hand, RVF, after LVAD implantation, is associated with an increased incidence of perioperative mortality, prolonged length of stay and worst survival. Waiting for a randomized multicentre study, we just have to rely on clinical judgment of multidisciplinary experts, so the main goal of this review is to find out the relationship among LVAD and RVF. Methods: We performed a meticulous online research on PubMed looking for the lateststudies on LVAD and BiVAD implantation, predictors of RVF and patients selectioncriteria in way to relate these variables with clinical outcomes. Results: many studies were not randomized nor stratificated and there was aninhomogenity in the definition of RVF. In addition, no single variable adequately discriminates or is reliable for patient selection and BiVAD selection criteria were subjective and not objective in many cases. Conclusions: We are far from a completely and clear knowledge about the prognosis of our patients It is time to find out new methods of evaluations in way to forsee RVF in patients that are going to be implanted with LVAD or BiVAD. Furthermore, new patients selection criteria must be established in way to overcome the increasing rate of RVF in implanted patients.
{"title":"Do actual medical literature depict a satisfactory view of Left ventricularassistant device and Right ventricular failure","authors":"Elio Aloia, M. Cameli, Aleks, er Dokollari, Gianluigi Buccoliero, M. Stricagnoli, C. Rizzo, M. GiuliaElena, Olì, Aladino Ibrahim, M. Maccherini, S. Mondillo","doi":"10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.21-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.21-30","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Incidence and prevalence of heart failure are rising up. In patients with advanced heart failure (AHF), Left Ventricular (LV) assist devices (LVADs) are an increasingly common therapy for AHF. Right ventricular failure (RVF) and device related issues make this therapy a challenge to apply to a broader population. On the other hand, RVF, after LVAD implantation, is associated with an increased incidence of perioperative mortality, prolonged length of stay and worst survival. Waiting for a randomized multicentre study, we just have to rely on clinical judgment of multidisciplinary experts, so the main goal of this review is to find out the relationship among LVAD and RVF. Methods: We performed a meticulous online research on PubMed looking for the lateststudies on LVAD and BiVAD implantation, predictors of RVF and patients selectioncriteria in way to relate these variables with clinical outcomes. Results: many studies were not randomized nor stratificated and there was aninhomogenity in the definition of RVF. In addition, no single variable adequately discriminates or is reliable for patient selection and BiVAD selection criteria were subjective and not objective in many cases. Conclusions: We are far from a completely and clear knowledge about the prognosis of our patients It is time to find out new methods of evaluations in way to forsee RVF in patients that are going to be implanted with LVAD or BiVAD. Furthermore, new patients selection criteria must be established in way to overcome the increasing rate of RVF in implanted patients.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83585057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.49-54
H. Senzaki, K. Sugamoto, Y. Iwamoto, Shun Matsumura, H. Ishido, S. Masutani
Flow profiles in the pulmonary veins (PVs) and arteries (PAs), Fontan conduit (conduit), and superior vena cava (SVC) were examined using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship of the ratio of systolic forward flow volume and diastolic forward flow volume (FV-S/D) with ventricular relaxation time constant (tau) was then investigated. According to the flow profiles in the PVs, the forward flow volumes in diastole were dominant over those in systole. The FV-S/D was significantly negatively correlated with tau, not only in the PVs but also in the PAs and conduit. Moreover, tau was positively correlated with pulmonary wedge pressures, while pulmonary wedge pressures were significantly negatively correlated with FV-S/D in the PVs. In contrast, the FV-S/D in the SVC was also negatively correlated with tau, but the correlation coefficient of this relationship was lower than that of the other relationships. Lastly, the FV-S/D in the SVC correlated more significantly with the ejection fraction of the ventricle rather than with tau. On the basis of our findings, we believe that the flow profiles in the PVs are influenced by the ventricular relaxation performance. Moreover, the ventricular relaxation performance influences the flow profiles in the PAs and conduit, both of which are located upstream of pulmonary circulation. On the contrary, the flow profiles in the SVC seem to be influenced by ventricular contraction rather than ventricular relaxation.
{"title":"Effect of ventricular relaxation performance on blood flow profiles in fontancirculation.","authors":"H. Senzaki, K. Sugamoto, Y. Iwamoto, Shun Matsumura, H. Ishido, S. Masutani","doi":"10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.49-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.49-54","url":null,"abstract":"Flow profiles in the pulmonary veins (PVs) and arteries (PAs), Fontan conduit (conduit), and superior vena cava (SVC) were examined using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship of the ratio of systolic forward flow volume and diastolic forward flow volume (FV-S/D) with ventricular relaxation time constant (tau) was then investigated. According to the flow profiles in the PVs, the forward flow volumes in diastole were dominant over those in systole. The FV-S/D was significantly negatively correlated with tau, not only in the PVs but also in the PAs and conduit. Moreover, tau was positively correlated with pulmonary wedge pressures, while pulmonary wedge pressures were significantly negatively correlated with FV-S/D in the PVs. In contrast, the FV-S/D in the SVC was also negatively correlated with tau, but the correlation coefficient of this relationship was lower than that of the other relationships. Lastly, the FV-S/D in the SVC correlated more significantly with the ejection fraction of the ventricle rather than with tau. On the basis of our findings, we believe that the flow profiles in the PVs are influenced by the ventricular relaxation performance. Moreover, the ventricular relaxation performance influences the flow profiles in the PAs and conduit, both of which are located upstream of pulmonary circulation. On the contrary, the flow profiles in the SVC seem to be influenced by ventricular contraction rather than ventricular relaxation.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"49-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89509529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.1.8-11
L. Roever, E. Resende, Anaisa Silva Roerver Borges, G. Biondi‐Zoccai
Heart failure patients need multiple medications to treats a different symptom or contributing factor. Individuals diagnosed with heart failure typically take 5 or more different medications daily. Treatment may help live longer and reduce your chance of dying suddenly. This review describes the main drugs used to treat heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
{"title":"Drugs used to treat of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","authors":"L. Roever, E. Resende, Anaisa Silva Roerver Borges, G. Biondi‐Zoccai","doi":"10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.1.8-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.1.8-11","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure patients need multiple medications to treats a different symptom or contributing factor. Individuals diagnosed with heart failure typically take 5 or more different medications daily. Treatment may help live longer and reduce your chance of dying suddenly. This review describes the main drugs used to treat heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"10 1","pages":"8-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73074068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.35841/cardiology.1.1.12-14
H. Nomoto, H. Miyoshi, A. Nakamura, T. Atsumi, N. Manda, Y. Kurihara, S. Aoki
DPP-4 inhibitors have been used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These agents not only provide glycemic control, but also have other favorable effects, including the prevention of atherosclerosis. However, it has not been determined whether these agents can improve or maintain endothelial cell function. We previously reported the results of two prospective studies assessing the effects of incretin agents on flow-mediated dilation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without severe atherosclerotic diseases. These studies showed that both the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide did not improve endothelial cell function. This report discusses the effects of sitagliptin on early-stage atherosclerosis and beta-cell function.
{"title":"Do DPP-4 inhibitors improve endothelial cell function?","authors":"H. Nomoto, H. Miyoshi, A. Nakamura, T. Atsumi, N. Manda, Y. Kurihara, S. Aoki","doi":"10.35841/cardiology.1.1.12-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/cardiology.1.1.12-14","url":null,"abstract":"DPP-4 inhibitors have been used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These agents not only provide glycemic control, but also have other favorable effects, including the prevention of atherosclerosis. However, it has not been determined whether these agents can improve or maintain endothelial cell function. We previously reported the results of two prospective studies assessing the effects of incretin agents on flow-mediated dilation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without severe atherosclerotic diseases. These studies showed that both the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide did not improve endothelial cell function. This report discusses the effects of sitagliptin on early-stage atherosclerosis and beta-cell function.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"29 1","pages":"12-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75115291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.60-68
G. Parry-Williams, Sanjay Sharma
This review will describe those ECG patterns within the normal spectrum for an athlete, describe the impact of demographic phenotypes on ECG interpretation and define those ECG manifestations that are always considered abnormal and warrant further investigation.
{"title":"Current understanding of the electrocardiographic manifestations of the?athlete?s heart?.","authors":"G. Parry-Williams, Sanjay Sharma","doi":"10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.60-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.60-68","url":null,"abstract":"This review will describe those ECG patterns within the normal spectrum for an athlete, describe the impact of demographic phenotypes on ECG interpretation and define those ECG manifestations that are always considered abnormal and warrant further investigation.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"60-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75173717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.31-32
M. Ramlall, P. Costanzo, A. Ali, J. John
Medically treated patients with unprotected left main stem (LMS) coronary artery disease have a poor prognosis and early evidence suggests there is a strong survival benefit from surgical revascularization, especially in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
{"title":"Angioplasty with drug-eluting stents versus bypass grafting for treatment ofunprotected left main stem disease.","authors":"M. Ramlall, P. Costanzo, A. Ali, J. John","doi":"10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.31-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/CARDIOLOGY.1.2.31-32","url":null,"abstract":"Medically treated patients with unprotected left main stem (LMS) coronary artery disease have a poor prognosis and early evidence suggests there is a strong survival benefit from surgical revascularization, especially in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":22442,"journal":{"name":"The Cardiology","volume":"41 1","pages":"31-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77593913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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