Pub Date : 2019-12-10DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.b6674.129219
Shobha Bhardwaj, A. Jain, N. Gupta, Praveen Kumar Pandey
This study is based on identifying the applicability and benefits of competency mapping in Small Medium-sized Enterprises with context to Delhi-NCR region. The reason of choosing the manufacturing sector of Small Medium-sized Enterprises is that they don’t like to opt for such types of modern HR practices at their workplace due to many myths like increase of cost to the company, no direct benefit in adopting this practice, wastage of time etc. Ability advancement by Competency mapping is one of the most precise methods used by large-scale size companies. The small firms can also achieve the same result if this HR practice is properly implemented over their employees and their result should be further used for their development. Sometimes companies used the Competency mapping method for the performance appraisal of their employees, handling their conflicts but this is not just the limitation it can be used in other area also like for preparing the customized training schedule for individual employee. The author selected the certain competency factors, which are having the impact over the productivity, and on the basis of these factors a primary data collection method is used. This is an exploratory research design in which both primary and secondary data collection method is used. ANOVA test, Correlation and Chi-square tests is used for analyzing the data, conducted through SPSS version 22. The result of this study is applicable only for Delhi NCR region. The analysis-based recommendation is useful only for the SME’s manufacturing sector. Further research on this topic can be easily done because this research is based on limited sample size, budget and time constraints. The result of this study helps the Small Medium-sized Enterprises by disclosing for them various ways for full utilization of their available resources at workplace, performance evaluation of employees with ease and as per the pre established criterion, setting up of competency framework etc.
{"title":"Competency Mapping Based on Identifying the Impact Over the Productivity of SME’s","authors":"Shobha Bhardwaj, A. Jain, N. Gupta, Praveen Kumar Pandey","doi":"10.35940/ijitee.b6674.129219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b6674.129219","url":null,"abstract":"This study is based on identifying the applicability and benefits of competency mapping in Small Medium-sized Enterprises with context to Delhi-NCR region. The reason of choosing the manufacturing sector of Small Medium-sized Enterprises is that they don’t like to opt for such types of modern HR practices at their workplace due to many myths like increase of cost to the company, no direct benefit in adopting this practice, wastage of time etc. Ability advancement by Competency mapping is one of the most precise methods used by large-scale size companies. The small firms can also achieve the same result if this HR practice is properly implemented over their employees and their result should be further used for their development. Sometimes companies used the Competency mapping method for the performance appraisal of their employees, handling their conflicts but this is not just the limitation it can be used in other area also like for preparing the customized training schedule for individual employee. The author selected the certain competency factors, which are having the impact over the productivity, and on the basis of these factors a primary data collection method is used. This is an exploratory research design in which both primary and secondary data collection method is used. ANOVA test, Correlation and Chi-square tests is used for analyzing the data, conducted through SPSS version 22. The result of this study is applicable only for Delhi NCR region. The analysis-based recommendation is useful only for the SME’s manufacturing sector. Further research on this topic can be easily done because this research is based on limited sample size, budget and time constraints. The result of this study helps the Small Medium-sized Enterprises by disclosing for them various ways for full utilization of their available resources at workplace, performance evaluation of employees with ease and as per the pre established criterion, setting up of competency framework etc.","PeriodicalId":224456,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Industry Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125246819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper seeks to highlight deindustrialization trend in Zimbabwe, discussion on the causes of deindustrialization in Zimbabwe and offering suggestion on how the country can reverse the trend. Companies in Zimbabwe have been closing down due to poor economic policies set by the government of Zimbabwe, political instability, unbalanced productivity growth, growing affluence among consumers, natural attrition, liquidity crunch, low domestic demand, lack or unavailability of adequate funding, excessively high and unsustainable wages, a fall in demand as indicated by the fall in output, an unfavorable highly taxing and inconsiderate tax regime, globalization, hyperinflation, obsolete machinery, massive power outages decline in capacity utilization partly to erratic power supply, influx of cheap imported goods, antiquated machinery and high labour costs.
{"title":"Zimbabwe is Currently Experiencing a De-Industrialization Trend. Discussing the Causes of De-Industrialization in Zimbabwe and Offering Suggestion on How the Country Can Reverse the Trend","authors":"Anthony Tapiwa Mazikana","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2929593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2929593","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to highlight deindustrialization trend in Zimbabwe, discussion on the causes of deindustrialization in Zimbabwe and offering suggestion on how the country can reverse the trend. Companies in Zimbabwe have been closing down due to poor economic policies set by the government of Zimbabwe, political instability, unbalanced productivity growth, growing affluence among consumers, natural attrition, liquidity crunch, low domestic demand, lack or unavailability of adequate funding, excessively high and unsustainable wages, a fall in demand as indicated by the fall in output, an unfavorable highly taxing and inconsiderate tax regime, globalization, hyperinflation, obsolete machinery, massive power outages decline in capacity utilization partly to erratic power supply, influx of cheap imported goods, antiquated machinery and high labour costs.","PeriodicalId":224456,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Industry Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"51 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121194018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Juan Mejía-Trejo, E. González-Uribe
The purpose of this research was to determine the Internationalization and its influence on the competitiveness that SMEs manufacturing companies have in Guadalajara, Mexico. The collected information is analyzed and identified the results are interpreted. Internationalization was the independent variable and using SPSS software finding the relation of competitiveness (dependent variable) and Internationalization was determined. The research was applied to two hundred and fifty SME’s in Guadalajara, Mexico. The factors used for the study are based in researches mentioned in the theoretical framework.
{"title":"The Internationalization Process and the Competitiveness in Manufacturing SMEs","authors":"J. Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Juan Mejía-Trejo, E. González-Uribe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2585113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2585113","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to determine the Internationalization and its influence on the competitiveness that SMEs manufacturing companies have in Guadalajara, Mexico. The collected information is analyzed and identified the results are interpreted. Internationalization was the independent variable and using SPSS software finding the relation of competitiveness (dependent variable) and Internationalization was determined. The research was applied to two hundred and fifty SME’s in Guadalajara, Mexico. The factors used for the study are based in researches mentioned in the theoretical framework.","PeriodicalId":224456,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Industry Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124378359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the response of U.S. manufacturers to changes in competitiveness brought about by movements in the price of natural gas. I estimate the response of various measures of manufacturing activity using panel regression methods across roughly 80 industries that allow each industry’s response to vary with its energy intensity. These estimates suggest that the fall in the price of natural gas since 2006 is associated with a 2 to 3 percent increase in activity for the entire manufacturing sector, with much larger effects of 30 percent or more for the most energy intensive industries.
{"title":"The Energy Boom and Manufacturing in the United States","authors":"William R. Melick","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2474804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2474804","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the response of U.S. manufacturers to changes in competitiveness brought about by movements in the price of natural gas. I estimate the response of various measures of manufacturing activity using panel regression methods across roughly 80 industries that allow each industry’s response to vary with its energy intensity. These estimates suggest that the fall in the price of natural gas since 2006 is associated with a 2 to 3 percent increase in activity for the entire manufacturing sector, with much larger effects of 30 percent or more for the most energy intensive industries.","PeriodicalId":224456,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Industry Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115644726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyses the effect of competition from low-wage countries on domestic activity, using data on 230 Italian manufacturing sectors between 1995 and 2007. We find that low-wage import penetration is negatively related to employment and other measures of activity. The effect is significantly lower in more skill, capital and R&D-intensive sectors and in more vertically differentiated sectors. There is also evidence of significant effects of low-wage competition through inter-industry linkages: employment is negatively related to low-wage import penetration in downstream sectors but positively related to low-wage import penetration in upstream sectors.
{"title":"Industry Dynamics and Competition from Low-Wage Countries: Evidence on Italy","authors":"S. Federico","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2165804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2165804","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the effect of competition from low-wage countries on domestic activity, using data on 230 Italian manufacturing sectors between 1995 and 2007. We find that low-wage import penetration is negatively related to employment and other measures of activity. The effect is significantly lower in more skill, capital and R&D-intensive sectors and in more vertically differentiated sectors. There is also evidence of significant effects of low-wage competition through inter-industry linkages: employment is negatively related to low-wage import penetration in downstream sectors but positively related to low-wage import penetration in upstream sectors.","PeriodicalId":224456,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Industry Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123754691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over 100 million of the 1.8 billion midlife adults living on less than $15 a day are attempting to create new firms. Another 110 million are managing new ventures. This is almost half of the global total of 450 million individuals involved with 350 million start-ups and new ventures. They are responsible for almost half of all new firms and onethird of new firm jobs. For the poor, business creation provides more social and personal benefits than illegal and dangerous migration, criminal endeavors, or terrorism. Almost all of the business creation by the bottom billions occurs in developing countries, half are in Asia. The ventures initiated by the bottom billion are a significant proportion of all firms expecting growth, exports, an impact on their markets, and in high tech sectors. Assessments based on multi-level modeling suggest that young adults, whether they are rich or poor, in countries with access to informal financing and an emphasis on traditional, rather than secular-rational, and self-expressive values are more likely to identify business opportunities and feel confident about their capacity to implement a new firm. Such entrepreneurial readiness is, in turn, associated with more business creation. Compared to the strong associations of informal institutions with business creation, formal institutions have very modest and idiosyncratic relationships. Expansion of access to secondary education and early stage financing may be the most effective routes to more firm creation among the bottom billion.
{"title":"Entrepreneurship in Developing Economies: The Bottom Billions and Business Creation","authors":"P. Reynolds","doi":"10.1561/0300000045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000045","url":null,"abstract":"Over 100 million of the 1.8 billion midlife adults living on less than $15 a day are attempting to create new firms. Another 110 million are managing new ventures. This is almost half of the global total of 450 million individuals involved with 350 million start-ups and new ventures. They are responsible for almost half of all new firms and onethird of new firm jobs. For the poor, business creation provides more social and personal benefits than illegal and dangerous migration, criminal endeavors, or terrorism. Almost all of the business creation by the bottom billions occurs in developing countries, half are in Asia. The ventures initiated by the bottom billion are a significant proportion of all firms expecting growth, exports, an impact on their markets, and in high tech sectors. Assessments based on multi-level modeling suggest that young adults, whether they are rich or poor, in countries with access to informal financing and an emphasis on traditional, rather than secular-rational, and self-expressive values are more likely to identify business opportunities and feel confident about their capacity to implement a new firm. Such entrepreneurial readiness is, in turn, associated with more business creation. Compared to the strong associations of informal institutions with business creation, formal institutions have very modest and idiosyncratic relationships. Expansion of access to secondary education and early stage financing may be the most effective routes to more firm creation among the bottom billion.","PeriodicalId":224456,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Industry Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130411269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper investigates the impact of five factors indirectly on entrepreneurial supply chain management competence and two other factors SCM strategies and performance of firm. Five important factors play an important role on entrepreneurial SCM competence in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Innovativeness orientation, risk-taking characteristics, pro activeness, relational capital, coordination capability, scm strategies and performance are the multi-dimensional factors effecting entrepreneurial SCM competence. This research paper uses the regression analysis to analyze the data collected from two manufacturing small and medium enterprises companies of Faisalabad in Pakistan. Innovativeness orientation, risk_ taking characteristics, pro activeness orientation, relational capital and coordination capability have significant relationship with entrepreneurial SCM competence and SCM strategies between manufacturing smes. SCM strategies and performance have also significant relationship but entrepreneurial SCM competence and firm performance have insignificant relationship between them. Our findings show the SCM strategies impact and effect on firm’s performance.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Supply Chain Management Competence: Performance of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises","authors":"I. Akbar, M. Muzaffar, Dr Khaliq ur Rehman Cheema","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2386969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2386969","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper investigates the impact of five factors indirectly on entrepreneurial supply chain management competence and two other factors SCM strategies and performance of firm. Five important factors play an important role on entrepreneurial SCM competence in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Innovativeness orientation, risk-taking characteristics, pro activeness, relational capital, coordination capability, scm strategies and performance are the multi-dimensional factors effecting entrepreneurial SCM competence. This research paper uses the regression analysis to analyze the data collected from two manufacturing small and medium enterprises companies of Faisalabad in Pakistan. Innovativeness orientation, risk_ taking characteristics, pro activeness orientation, relational capital and coordination capability have significant relationship with entrepreneurial SCM competence and SCM strategies between manufacturing smes. SCM strategies and performance have also significant relationship but entrepreneurial SCM competence and firm performance have insignificant relationship between them. Our findings show the SCM strategies impact and effect on firm’s performance.","PeriodicalId":224456,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Industry Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131119188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the online market for peer-to-peer P2P lending, in which individuals bid on unsecured microloans sought by other individual borrowers. Using a large sample of consummated and failed listings from the largest online P2P lending marketplace, Prosper.com, we find that the online friendships of borrowers act as signals of credit quality. Friendships increase the probability of successful funding, lower interest rates on funded loans, and are associated with lower ex post default rates. The economic effects of friendships show a striking gradation based on the roles and identities of the friends. We discuss the implications of our findings for the disintermediation of financial markets and the design of decentralized electronic markets. This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.
{"title":"Judging Borrowers by the Company They Keep: Friendship Networks and Information Asymmetry in Online Peer-to-Peer Lending","authors":"Mingfeng Lin, N. Prabhala, S. Viswanathan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1355679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1355679","url":null,"abstract":"We study the online market for peer-to-peer P2P lending, in which individuals bid on unsecured microloans sought by other individual borrowers. Using a large sample of consummated and failed listings from the largest online P2P lending marketplace, Prosper.com, we find that the online friendships of borrowers act as signals of credit quality. Friendships increase the probability of successful funding, lower interest rates on funded loans, and are associated with lower ex post default rates. The economic effects of friendships show a striking gradation based on the roles and identities of the friends. We discuss the implications of our findings for the disintermediation of financial markets and the design of decentralized electronic markets. \u0000 \u0000This paper was accepted by Sandra Slaughter, information systems.","PeriodicalId":224456,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Industry Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"64 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130412289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution aims to draw up a map of ceramics production sites in the Venetian area from 1600 to 1800, bearing particular attention to institutional and informal devices allowing local production to adapt to European markets trends and innovations. The paper investigates the logics of privileges allowance to private entrepreneurs outside of the guilds framework, conceived probably as a protection for offer more than for demand: they had to do the exploitation of natural resources at a local level (water, raw materials), and of the services labor force accumulating specialized skills working in close contact with foreign invited artisans. The defence and seizure of industrial expertise was in fact the object of enduring court cases between manufacturers fighting to retain and attract highly qualified workers. These were the actual agents' innovation exchange among European, Italian and regional production centres. Continuous exchange and imitation allowed Venetian privileged firms to keep positions in secondary European markets providing most of the demand for local production. The paper is a contribution in a collection edited by Paola Lanaro, submitted and accepted publication by the Center for Renaissance and Reformation Studies of the Toronto University.
{"title":"Old and New Ceramics: Manufacturers, Products and Markets in the Venetian Republic in the 17th and 18th Centuries","authors":"G. Favero","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.942732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.942732","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution aims to draw up a map of ceramics production sites in the Venetian area from 1600 to 1800, bearing particular attention to institutional and informal devices allowing local production to adapt to European markets trends and innovations. The paper investigates the logics of privileges allowance to private entrepreneurs outside of the guilds framework, conceived probably as a protection for offer more than for demand: they had to do the exploitation of natural resources at a local level (water, raw materials), and of the services labor force accumulating specialized skills working in close contact with foreign invited artisans. The defence and seizure of industrial expertise was in fact the object of enduring court cases between manufacturers fighting to retain and attract highly qualified workers. These were the actual agents' innovation exchange among European, Italian and regional production centres. Continuous exchange and imitation allowed Venetian privileged firms to keep positions in secondary European markets providing most of the demand for local production. The paper is a contribution in a collection edited by Paola Lanaro, submitted and accepted publication by the Center for Renaissance and Reformation Studies of the Toronto University.","PeriodicalId":224456,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Industry Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126850835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of cluster is related to the spatial density of the economic organizations suggesting that there are some specialized industrial activities with a high degree of geographic concentration. Interdependent relations are developed among economic organizations included in the cluster, that lead to an increased labour productivity, enhancing their competitiveness on the market and the competitiveness of the area where they operate. The statistical cluster analysis uses the method of minimum dispersion of hierarchical tree method, in order to obtain the information necessary to small and medium organizations and the regeneration of some declining areas or industries. Territorial profile economic analyses can use the cluster analysis in order to make hierarchical classifications, according to performance, strategies. The hierarchical tree methods consist in identifying certain hierarchies used to take into consideration the units. According to their organization mode, clusters can be: vertically integrated, horizontally integrated, emerging clusters.
{"title":"Clusters Analyses in Regional Statistics","authors":"Mariana-Elena Voineagu Balu, F. Furtuna","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.993083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.993083","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of cluster is related to the spatial density of the economic organizations suggesting that there are some specialized industrial activities with a high degree of geographic concentration. Interdependent relations are developed among economic organizations included in the cluster, that lead to an increased labour productivity, enhancing their competitiveness on the market and the competitiveness of the area where they operate. The statistical cluster analysis uses the method of minimum dispersion of hierarchical tree method, in order to obtain the information necessary to small and medium organizations and the regeneration of some declining areas or industries. Territorial profile economic analyses can use the cluster analysis in order to make hierarchical classifications, according to performance, strategies. The hierarchical tree methods consist in identifying certain hierarchies used to take into consideration the units. According to their organization mode, clusters can be: vertically integrated, horizontally integrated, emerging clusters.","PeriodicalId":224456,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Industry Studies (Sub-Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128781646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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