Haixiang Qiu, P. Kelly, Jilei Zhang, Q. Luo, Yi Yang, Y. Mao, Zhangping Yang, Jing Li, Hongzhuan Wu, Chengming Wang
Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. are tick-transmitted bacteria that are of significant economic importance as they can infect large and small ruminants and also people. There is little information on anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis in ruminants in China. 16S rRNA FRET-qPCRs were used to screen convenience whole blood samples from 2,240 domestic ruminants in 12 provinces of China for Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. Positive samples were further analyzed with a standard PCR for the gltA. Anaplasma spp. DNA was detected in the sheep (11.7%; 13/111), goats (81.8%; 219/270), cattle (13.2%; 241/1,830), and water buffaloes (6.9%; 2/29). Ehrlichia spp. DNA was detected in sheep (1.8%; 2/111), goats (1.1%; 3/270), and cattle (3.6%; 65/1830) but not in water buffaloes (0/29). Sequencing of gltA PCR products showed that A. marginale, A. ovis, Ehrlichia canis, and Ehrlichia sp. (JX629807) were present in ruminants from China, while the 16S rRNA FRET-qPCR sequence data indicated that there might also be A. platys, A. phagocytophilum, Anaplasma sp. BL126-13 (KJ410243), and Anaplasma sp. JC3-6 (KM227012). Our study shows that domestic ruminants from China are not uncommonly infected with a variety of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp.
{"title":"Molecular Detection of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. in Ruminants from Twelve Provinces of China","authors":"Haixiang Qiu, P. Kelly, Jilei Zhang, Q. Luo, Yi Yang, Y. Mao, Zhangping Yang, Jing Li, Hongzhuan Wu, Chengming Wang","doi":"10.1155/2016/9183861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9183861","url":null,"abstract":"Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. are tick-transmitted bacteria that are of significant economic importance as they can infect large and small ruminants and also people. There is little information on anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis in ruminants in China. 16S rRNA FRET-qPCRs were used to screen convenience whole blood samples from 2,240 domestic ruminants in 12 provinces of China for Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. Positive samples were further analyzed with a standard PCR for the gltA. Anaplasma spp. DNA was detected in the sheep (11.7%; 13/111), goats (81.8%; 219/270), cattle (13.2%; 241/1,830), and water buffaloes (6.9%; 2/29). Ehrlichia spp. DNA was detected in sheep (1.8%; 2/111), goats (1.1%; 3/270), and cattle (3.6%; 65/1830) but not in water buffaloes (0/29). Sequencing of gltA PCR products showed that A. marginale, A. ovis, Ehrlichia canis, and Ehrlichia sp. (JX629807) were present in ruminants from China, while the 16S rRNA FRET-qPCR sequence data indicated that there might also be A. platys, A. phagocytophilum, Anaplasma sp. BL126-13 (KJ410243), and Anaplasma sp. JC3-6 (KM227012). Our study shows that domestic ruminants from China are not uncommonly infected with a variety of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90635693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Clement, P. Maes, V. Saegeman, K. Lagrou, M. Van Ranst, Å. Lundkvist
Comment on "A Cluster of Three Cases of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome among Canadian Military Personnel"
对“加拿大军人聚集性三例汉坦病毒肺综合征”的评论
{"title":"Comment on “A Cluster of Three Cases of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome among Canadian Military Personnel”","authors":"J. Clement, P. Maes, V. Saegeman, K. Lagrou, M. Van Ranst, Å. Lundkvist","doi":"10.1155/2016/7458409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7458409","url":null,"abstract":"Comment on \"A Cluster of Three Cases of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome among Canadian Military Personnel\"","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89476903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Monroy-Pérez, G. Paniagua-Contreras, Pamela Rodríguez-Purata, Felipe Vaca-Paniagua, Marco Vázquez-Villaseñor, Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez, Alina Uribe-García, S. Vaca
Antifungal resistance and virulence properties of Candida albicans are a growing health problem worldwide. To study the expression of virulence and azole resistance genes in 39 clinical strains of C. albicans, we used a model of infection of human vaginal epithelial cells with C. albicans strains isolated from Mexican women with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The strains were identified by PCR amplification of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rRNA. The detection and expression of virulence genes and azole resistance genes MDR1 and CDR1 were performed using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. All strains were sensitive to nystatin and 38 (97.4%) and 37 (94.9%) were resistant to ketoconazole and fluconazole, respectively. ALS1, SAP4–SAP6, LIP1, LIP2, LIP4, LIP6, LIP7, LIP9, LIP10, and PLB1-PLB2 were present in all strains; SAP1 was identified in 37 (94.8%) isolates, HWP1 in 35 (89.7%), ALS3 in 14 (35.8%), and CDR1 in 26 (66.6%). In nearly all of the strains, ALS1, HWP1, SAP4–SAP6, LIP1–LIP10, PLB1, and PLB2 were expressed, whereas CDR1 was expressed in 20 (51.3%) and ALS3 in 14 (35.8%). In our in vitro model of infection with C. albicans, the clinical strains showed different expression profiles of virulence genes in association with the azole resistance gene CDR1. The results indicate that the strains that infect Mexican patients suffering from VVC are highly virulent and virtually all are insensitive to azoles.
{"title":"High Virulence and Antifungal Resistance in Clinical Strains of Candida albicans","authors":"Eric Monroy-Pérez, G. Paniagua-Contreras, Pamela Rodríguez-Purata, Felipe Vaca-Paniagua, Marco Vázquez-Villaseñor, Clara E. Díaz-Velásquez, Alina Uribe-García, S. Vaca","doi":"10.1155/2016/5930489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5930489","url":null,"abstract":"Antifungal resistance and virulence properties of Candida albicans are a growing health problem worldwide. To study the expression of virulence and azole resistance genes in 39 clinical strains of C. albicans, we used a model of infection of human vaginal epithelial cells with C. albicans strains isolated from Mexican women with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The strains were identified by PCR amplification of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rRNA. The detection and expression of virulence genes and azole resistance genes MDR1 and CDR1 were performed using PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. All strains were sensitive to nystatin and 38 (97.4%) and 37 (94.9%) were resistant to ketoconazole and fluconazole, respectively. ALS1, SAP4–SAP6, LIP1, LIP2, LIP4, LIP6, LIP7, LIP9, LIP10, and PLB1-PLB2 were present in all strains; SAP1 was identified in 37 (94.8%) isolates, HWP1 in 35 (89.7%), ALS3 in 14 (35.8%), and CDR1 in 26 (66.6%). In nearly all of the strains, ALS1, HWP1, SAP4–SAP6, LIP1–LIP10, PLB1, and PLB2 were expressed, whereas CDR1 was expressed in 20 (51.3%) and ALS3 in 14 (35.8%). In our in vitro model of infection with C. albicans, the clinical strains showed different expression profiles of virulence genes in association with the azole resistance gene CDR1. The results indicate that the strains that infect Mexican patients suffering from VVC are highly virulent and virtually all are insensitive to azoles.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80844451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epilepsy is one of the most widespread serious neurological disorders, and an aetiological explanation has not been fully identified. In recent decades, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the influential role of autoimmune mechanisms in the progression of epilepsy. The hygiene hypothesis draws people's attention to the association between gut microbes and the onset of multiple immune disorders. It is also believed that, in addition to influencing digestive system function, symbiotic microbiota can bidirectionally and reversibly impact the programming of extraintestinal pathogenic immune responses during autoimmunity. Herein, we investigate the concept that the diversity of parasitifer sensitivity to commensal microbes and the specific constitution of the intestinal microbiota might impact host susceptibility to epilepsy through promotion of Th17 cell populations in the central nervous system (CNS).
{"title":"Intestinal Microbiota as an Alternative Therapeutic Target for Epilepsy","authors":"Jia-ying Wu, Yuyu Zhang, Hongyu Yang, Yuefeng Rao, Jing Miao, Xiaoyang Lu","doi":"10.1155/2016/9032809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9032809","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is one of the most widespread serious neurological disorders, and an aetiological explanation has not been fully identified. In recent decades, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the influential role of autoimmune mechanisms in the progression of epilepsy. The hygiene hypothesis draws people's attention to the association between gut microbes and the onset of multiple immune disorders. It is also believed that, in addition to influencing digestive system function, symbiotic microbiota can bidirectionally and reversibly impact the programming of extraintestinal pathogenic immune responses during autoimmunity. Herein, we investigate the concept that the diversity of parasitifer sensitivity to commensal microbes and the specific constitution of the intestinal microbiota might impact host susceptibility to epilepsy through promotion of Th17 cell populations in the central nervous system (CNS).","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90793320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cavitary pneumonia in immunocompromised patients is a challenging entity. Establishing accurate diagnosis and starting effective antibiotics are essential steps towards improving outcome. A 58-year-old stem cell transplant patient was admitted to the hospital with necrotizing pneumonia caused by nocardia. The disease progressed despite of aggrieve antimicrobial therapy. Nocardiosis continues to be a difficult disease to diagnose and treat.
{"title":"A 58-Year-Old Female with Progressive Cough and Right Shoulder Pain","authors":"S. Thakore, F. Khasawneh","doi":"10.1155/2016/3049298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3049298","url":null,"abstract":"Cavitary pneumonia in immunocompromised patients is a challenging entity. Establishing accurate diagnosis and starting effective antibiotics are essential steps towards improving outcome. A 58-year-old stem cell transplant patient was admitted to the hospital with necrotizing pneumonia caused by nocardia. The disease progressed despite of aggrieve antimicrobial therapy. Nocardiosis continues to be a difficult disease to diagnose and treat.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81627082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ç. Sonmezer, G. Ertem, F. Erdinc, Esra Kaya Kılıç, N. Tulek, A. Adiloğlu, Ç. Hatipoğlu
Background. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is resistant to various antibiotics and can cause serious nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality. In this clinical study, we investigated the risk factors in patients who were diagnosed with P. aeruginosa-related nosocomial infection. Methods. A retrospective case control study including patients with P. aeruginosa-related nosocomial infection. Patients who were resistant to any of the six antibiotics (imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and ceftazidime) constituted the study group. Results. One hundred and twenty isolates were isolated. Various risk factors were detected for each antibiotic in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, previous cefazolin use was found as an independent risk factor for the development of imipenem resistance (OR = 3.33; CI 95% [1.11–10.0]; p = 0.03), whereas previous cerebrovascular attack (OR = 3.57; CI 95% [1.31–9.76]; p = 0.01) and previous meropenem use (OR = 4.13; CI 95% [1.21–14.07]; p = 0.02) were independent factors for the development of meropenem resistance. For the development of resistance to ciprofloxacin, hospitalization in the neurology intensive care unit (OR = 4.24; CI 95% [1.5–11.98]; p = 0.006) and mechanical ventilator application (OR = 11.7; CI 95% [2.24–61.45]; p = 0.004) were independent risk factors. Conclusion. The meticulous application of contact measures can decrease the rate of nosocomial infections.
{"title":"Evaluation of Risk Factors for Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Nosocomial Infections Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"M. Ç. Sonmezer, G. Ertem, F. Erdinc, Esra Kaya Kılıç, N. Tulek, A. Adiloğlu, Ç. Hatipoğlu","doi":"10.1155/2016/1321487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1321487","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is resistant to various antibiotics and can cause serious nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality. In this clinical study, we investigated the risk factors in patients who were diagnosed with P. aeruginosa-related nosocomial infection. Methods. A retrospective case control study including patients with P. aeruginosa-related nosocomial infection. Patients who were resistant to any of the six antibiotics (imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and ceftazidime) constituted the study group. Results. One hundred and twenty isolates were isolated. Various risk factors were detected for each antibiotic in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, previous cefazolin use was found as an independent risk factor for the development of imipenem resistance (OR = 3.33; CI 95% [1.11–10.0]; p = 0.03), whereas previous cerebrovascular attack (OR = 3.57; CI 95% [1.31–9.76]; p = 0.01) and previous meropenem use (OR = 4.13; CI 95% [1.21–14.07]; p = 0.02) were independent factors for the development of meropenem resistance. For the development of resistance to ciprofloxacin, hospitalization in the neurology intensive care unit (OR = 4.24; CI 95% [1.5–11.98]; p = 0.006) and mechanical ventilator application (OR = 11.7; CI 95% [2.24–61.45]; p = 0.004) were independent risk factors. Conclusion. The meticulous application of contact measures can decrease the rate of nosocomial infections.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74173982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella among outpatients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study was conducted involving a total of 176 outpatients. Stool specimens from both adult and pediatric outpatients were collected and analyzed for the presence of presumptive Salmonella and Shigella colonies followed by confirmation by biochemical tests. Pure cultures of Salmonella and Shigella species were further subjected to test for antibiotic resistance against the commonly used antibiotics. Furthermore, growth potential of the isolates in selected foods items was assessed following standard procedures. The result indicated that the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella among outpatients in the study area was 19 (10.8%) and 2 (1.1%), respectively. In addition, Salmonella species were resistant to ampicillin (100%) followed by tetracycline (47.4%) and nalidixic acid (26.3%) while Shigella species were highly resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline (100%, each). Multidrug resistance towards maximum of four drugs was observed in both pathogens. The pathogens were observed growing to their infective dose within 24 hours. In conclusion, Salmonella and Shigella are still among microbes of public health importance in the study area. Thus, this calls for frequent monitory and evaluation of their prevalence and drug resistance patterns besides awareness development on water sanitation and hygienic food handling practices to the public at large.
{"title":"Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella and Shigella Species Isolated from Outpatients, Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Tesfahun Lamboro, T. Ketema, K. Bacha","doi":"10.1155/2016/4210760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4210760","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella among outpatients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study was conducted involving a total of 176 outpatients. Stool specimens from both adult and pediatric outpatients were collected and analyzed for the presence of presumptive Salmonella and Shigella colonies followed by confirmation by biochemical tests. Pure cultures of Salmonella and Shigella species were further subjected to test for antibiotic resistance against the commonly used antibiotics. Furthermore, growth potential of the isolates in selected foods items was assessed following standard procedures. The result indicated that the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella among outpatients in the study area was 19 (10.8%) and 2 (1.1%), respectively. In addition, Salmonella species were resistant to ampicillin (100%) followed by tetracycline (47.4%) and nalidixic acid (26.3%) while Shigella species were highly resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline (100%, each). Multidrug resistance towards maximum of four drugs was observed in both pathogens. The pathogens were observed growing to their infective dose within 24 hours. In conclusion, Salmonella and Shigella are still among microbes of public health importance in the study area. Thus, this calls for frequent monitory and evaluation of their prevalence and drug resistance patterns besides awareness development on water sanitation and hygienic food handling practices to the public at large.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82520351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB) was the major cause of meningitis and a frequent cause of other invasive infections in young children until an effective vaccine became available in the early 1990s. In the prevaccine era, the estimated yearly incidence of invasive disease in the United States (US) for children <5 years of age was 40 to 100 cases per 100,000. Infection rates were highest in Aboriginal children (1). For Inuit children <5 years of age residing in the Keewatin district in Nunavut, the rate of HiB meningitis alone was 530 cases per 100,000 (2); however, HiB infection is now rare. Immunization against HiB protects against disease and also reduces carriage of this organism. After the remarkable success of the conjugate HiB vaccine in controlling HiB, there has been concern about the possibility of serotype replacement, as has been observed with pneumococcus (1,3,4). Historically, invasive infections involving H influenza serotypes other than B were sporadic and rare (5). However, in recent years, increasing rates of invasive infection due to H influenzae type A (HiA) have been reported in the Canadian north, as well as in Alaska (USA) and in Aboriginal populations in the southwestern US and Australia (1,6,7). In Alaska, where surveillance for all invasive H influenzae infections has been onging since 1983, HiA was not detected before 2002 (8). Between 2002 and 2005, rates for Indigenous children <2 years of age in northern Canada and Alaska were 101.9 and 20.9 per 100,000, respectively (3). An incidence of 87.5 per 100,000 for children <2 years of age was reported in the Canadian circumpolar region from 2000 to 2010 (6). In 2001, in the Keewatin region of Nunavut, the rate for children <5 years of age was 418.8 per 100,000 (9). Outbreaks occurred in Alaska in 2003 and 2009 to 2011 (3,8), as well as in Nunavik, northern Quebec, from 2012 to 2013 (10). Recurrent disease has been reported in three apparently healthy children who were <10 months of age at initial infection (11,12). Case fatality rates of 5.5% to 16% have been observed (6,8,9). HiA infections in the non-Aboriginal population in the US remain rare (13). In Quebec, before 2010, there were one or two cases of invasive HiA infection per year, with no cases from Nunavik. There was an average of four cases per year in Nunavik from 2010 to 2012, and 10 cases in 2013. Most cases involved young children, and presentations included meningitis, septicemia, septic arthritis and bacteremic pneumonia. Infection rates for 2010 to 2013 were 330.1 and 191.4 cases per 100,000 for children <1 year of age and one to four years of age, respectively, compared with an overall rate in Quebec of 2.0 and 0.8 for these age groups. There were two deaths in 2013, an infant six months of age and another 10 months of age (10). Children from Nunavik are transferred to the Montreal Children’s Hospital (Montreal, Quebec) if they require care that cannot be provided in the north. There were no children tra
B型流感嗜血杆菌(HiB)是造成脑膜炎的主要原因，也是幼儿中其他侵袭性感染的常见原因，直到20世纪90年代初出现有效的疫苗。在疫苗接种前，美国5岁以下儿童侵袭性疾病的年发病率估计为每10万人40至100例。感染率最高的是土著儿童(1)。居住在努纳维特地区Keewatin区的5岁以下因纽特儿童中，仅HiB脑膜炎的发病率就为每10万人中530例(2);然而，HiB感染现在很少见。针对HiB的免疫接种可以预防疾病，也可以减少这种有机体的携带。在结合HiB疫苗在控制HiB方面取得显著成功之后，人们开始担心血清型替代的可能性，正如在肺炎球菌中观察到的那样(1,3,4)。从历史上看，除B型以外的其他流感血清型的侵袭性感染是零星和罕见的(5)。然而，近年来，在加拿大北部、阿拉斯加(美国)以及美国西南部和澳大利亚的土著人群中，由于甲型流感(HiA)的侵袭性感染率有所增加(1,6,7)。在阿拉斯加，自1983年以来一直对所有侵袭性流感病毒感染进行监测，2002年之前未检测到HiA(8)。2002年至2005年期间，加拿大北部和阿拉斯加2岁以下土著儿童的发病率分别为101.9 / 10万和20.9 / 10万(3)。2000年至2010年，加拿大环极地地区报告的2岁以下儿童发病率为87.5 / 10万(6)。5岁以下儿童的发病率为每10万人中有418.8人(9)。2003年和2009年至2011年在阿拉斯加暴发(3,8)，2012年至2013年在魁北克北部的努纳维克暴发(10)。据报道，在三名最初感染时小于10个月的明显健康儿童中出现了复发性疾病(11,12)。观察到的病死率为5.5%至16%(6,8,9)。在美国非原住民人群中感染HiA仍然很少见(13)。在魁北克省，2010年之前，每年有一到两例侵袭性HiA感染病例，而Nunavik没有病例。从2010年到2012年，努纳维克平均每年有4例病例，2013年有10例。大多数病例涉及幼儿，症状包括脑膜炎、败血症、败血性关节炎和细菌性肺炎。2010年至2013年，1岁以下儿童和1至4岁儿童的感染率分别为每10万人330.1例和191.4例，而魁北克省这两个年龄组的总体感染率分别为2.0例和0.8例。2013年有两人死亡，一名6个月大的婴儿和另一名10个月大的婴儿(10)。努纳维克的儿童如果需要北方无法提供的护理，就被转到蒙特利尔儿童医院(魁北克蒙特利尔)。2010年前无转移性HiA患儿，2010年1例，2011年1例;然而，从2012年到2013年，有12人被转移。2013年，两例病例来自同一家庭，发病时间相隔24小时。2013年11月，魁北克国家公共卫生研究所(Institut national de sante publicque du Quebec)为Nunavik提出临时建议，向感染HiA的儿童的家庭和其他密切接触者提供化学预防(10)，就像用于HiB(14)一样。该地区2014年和2015年的最终数据无法获得;然而，自2013年11月以来，只有1例HiA感染转移到蒙特利尔儿童医院。关于HiA携带率的信息很少。总体而言，墨西哥和巴西城市以及澳大利亚土著人口报告的儿童患病率<1%至3.5% (15-17);然而，没有来自北美的数据。涉及阿拉斯加侵袭性HiA病儿童的少数密切接触者的研究报告携带率为16%和45%(11,18)。2010年至2012年安大略省北部原住民成人的血清学研究显示，抗hia抗体的患病率较高，免疫球蛋白(Ig) M水平相对于IgG水平升高，而抗hib水平较低，IgG占主导地位(19)。这表明HiA最近才在该地区广泛传播，正如侵袭性HiA疾病报告的增加所反映的那样。HiA的致病性和毒力与HiB相似(20)，其引起的疾病也相似(7)。这可能是由于类似的荚膜结构和对补体不依赖抗体裂解的抗性。其他四种血清型(C至F)偶尔发生，在动物模型中毒性较低，具有不同的胶囊结构，对补体介导的裂解敏感或抗性较低(20)。
{"title":"Invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type A in children in Canada’s north: A priority for prevention","authors":"Andrée-Anne Boisvert, D. Moore","doi":"10.1155/2015/613820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/613820","url":null,"abstract":"Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB) was the major cause of meningitis and a frequent cause of other invasive infections in young children until an effective vaccine became available in the early 1990s. In the prevaccine era, the estimated yearly incidence of invasive disease in the United States (US) for children <5 years of age was 40 to 100 cases per 100,000. Infection rates were highest in Aboriginal children (1). For Inuit children <5 years of age residing in the Keewatin district in Nunavut, the rate of HiB meningitis alone was 530 cases per 100,000 (2); however, HiB infection is now rare. Immunization against HiB protects against disease and also reduces carriage of this organism. After the remarkable success of the conjugate HiB vaccine in controlling HiB, there has been concern about the possibility of serotype replacement, as has been observed with pneumococcus (1,3,4). Historically, invasive infections involving H influenza serotypes other than B were sporadic and rare (5). However, in recent years, increasing rates of invasive infection due to H influenzae type A (HiA) have been reported in the Canadian north, as well as in Alaska (USA) and in Aboriginal populations in the southwestern US and Australia (1,6,7). In Alaska, where surveillance for all invasive H influenzae infections has been onging since 1983, HiA was not detected before 2002 (8). Between 2002 and 2005, rates for Indigenous children <2 years of age in northern Canada and Alaska were 101.9 and 20.9 per 100,000, respectively (3). An incidence of 87.5 per 100,000 for children <2 years of age was reported in the Canadian circumpolar region from 2000 to 2010 (6). In 2001, in the Keewatin region of Nunavut, the rate for children <5 years of age was 418.8 per 100,000 (9). Outbreaks occurred in Alaska in 2003 and 2009 to 2011 (3,8), as well as in Nunavik, northern Quebec, from 2012 to 2013 (10). Recurrent disease has been reported in three apparently healthy children who were <10 months of age at initial infection (11,12). Case fatality rates of 5.5% to 16% have been observed (6,8,9). HiA infections in the non-Aboriginal population in the US remain rare (13). In Quebec, before 2010, there were one or two cases of invasive HiA infection per year, with no cases from Nunavik. There was an average of four cases per year in Nunavik from 2010 to 2012, and 10 cases in 2013. Most cases involved young children, and presentations included meningitis, septicemia, septic arthritis and bacteremic pneumonia. Infection rates for 2010 to 2013 were 330.1 and 191.4 cases per 100,000 for children <1 year of age and one to four years of age, respectively, compared with an overall rate in Quebec of 2.0 and 0.8 for these age groups. There were two deaths in 2013, an infant six months of age and another 10 months of age (10). Children from Nunavik are transferred to the Montreal Children’s Hospital (Montreal, Quebec) if they require care that cannot be provided in the north. There were no children tra","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"1 1","pages":"291 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82819481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rabeea F. Omar, M. Boissinot, Charlotte Giguère, S. Trottier, D. Beauchamp, Brigitte Lambert, Camille B Vincent
and has been director since then. He has now decided to pass the torch as director, but will remain a researcher at the IDRC. As a way to express their sincere gratitude toward all that Dr Bergeron has achieved throughout the years, some of his closest collaborators have written a tribute to their colleague, mentor and friend. Dr Michel G. Bergeron a fondé, il y a plus de 40 ans, le Centre de recherche en infectiologie (CRI) dans la ville de Québec, et a été directeur depuis. Il a maintenant décidé de passer le flambeau en tant que directeur, mais restera comme chercheur au CRI. Dans le but d'exprimer leur sincère gratitude envers tout ce que le Dr Bergeron a fait au fil des ans, certains de ses plus proches collaborateurs ont écrit un hommage à leur collègue, mentor et ami. In 1963, Michel faced his first important career dilemma. After graduating from the Académie de Québec, while studying music (trumpet) at the Conservatoire de musique du Québec, in Quebec, he had to choose between his two passions: music and medicine. After discussion with his music professor, Michel decided to attend medical school, but music has always remained very important in his life. In his early work as a young MD, after tending to a hospital patient who had a heart infection and was successfully treated, Michel had to review the literature on cardiac infections all night to present the case to rounds the next morning. He was so moved by this field that he decided to specialize in infectious diseases, which became his priority over the next 40 years. Dr Bergeron received training in infectious diseases and was stimulated by the passion of two great sci-The passionate and enthusiastic Michel came back to Quebec from Boston and created the Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC) at Université Laval (Quebec City, Quebec). He collaborated with and was mentored by Dr Léo Gauvreau. Over the years, Michel established critical research projects to tackle infectious diseases on three main fronts: prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Today, the IDRC is one of Canada's biggest research centres in infectious diseases, and is renowned internationally for its excellence. It has 12 fundamental researchers (PhD), 12 clinical researchers (MD), 13 project managers (PhD), 41 research professionals and 55 graduate students (MSc and PhD students), in addition to summer students and research administrative staff, all totaling close to 200 …
从那以后，他一直是导演。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。为了表达他们对Bergeron博士多年来所取得成就的衷心感谢，他的一些最亲密的合作者写了一篇向他们的同事、导师和朋友致敬的文章。40多年前，Michel G. Bergeron博士在魁北克市创立了传染病研究中心(CRI)，并一直担任主任。他现在已经决定转任主任一职，但仍将继续担任irc的研究员。为了表达他们对Bergeron博士多年来所做的一切的真诚感谢，他的一些最亲密的合作者写了一篇悼词给他们的同事、导师和朋友。1963年，米歇尔面临着他的第一个重大职业困境。从academie de Quebec毕业后，在魁北克音乐学院学习音乐(小号)时，他不得不在他的两种爱好之间做出选择:音乐和医学。在与音乐老师讨论后，米歇尔决定参加医学院，但音乐在他的一生中一直是非常重要的。在他的早期工作中，作为一名年轻的医学博士，他为医院的病人提供了心脏感染的治疗，并成功地治疗了它，米歇尔必须在整个晚上审查关于心脏感染的文献，以便在第二天晚上提出这个问题。他被这个领域所吸引，决定专攻传染病，这是他在接下来的40年里的优先任务。Bergeron博士接受了传染病方面的培训，并受到两位伟大科学家的热情的启发——热情而热情的Michel从波士顿回到魁北克，在universite Laval(魁北克市)创建了传染病研究中心(IDRC)。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的土地面积为。多年来，米歇尔建立了关键的研究项目，从三个主要方面解决传染病:预防、诊断和治疗。今天，IDRC是加拿大最大的传染病研究中心之一，并因其卓越而享誉国际。公司现有基础研究人员12人，临床研究人员12人，项目经理13人，研究专业人员41人，研究生(硕士和博士)55人，以及暑期学生和研究管理人员，总计近200人。
{"title":"Michel G Bergeron “MGB” – a true success","authors":"Rabeea F. Omar, M. Boissinot, Charlotte Giguère, S. Trottier, D. Beauchamp, Brigitte Lambert, Camille B Vincent","doi":"10.1155/2015/837690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/837690","url":null,"abstract":"and has been director since then. He has now decided to pass the torch as director, but will remain a researcher at the IDRC. As a way to express their sincere gratitude toward all that Dr Bergeron has achieved throughout the years, some of his closest collaborators have written a tribute to their colleague, mentor and friend. Dr Michel G. Bergeron a fondé, il y a plus de 40 ans, le Centre de recherche en infectiologie (CRI) dans la ville de Québec, et a été directeur depuis. Il a maintenant décidé de passer le flambeau en tant que directeur, mais restera comme chercheur au CRI. Dans le but d'exprimer leur sincère gratitude envers tout ce que le Dr Bergeron a fait au fil des ans, certains de ses plus proches collaborateurs ont écrit un hommage à leur collègue, mentor et ami. In 1963, Michel faced his first important career dilemma. After graduating from the Académie de Québec, while studying music (trumpet) at the Conservatoire de musique du Québec, in Quebec, he had to choose between his two passions: music and medicine. After discussion with his music professor, Michel decided to attend medical school, but music has always remained very important in his life. In his early work as a young MD, after tending to a hospital patient who had a heart infection and was successfully treated, Michel had to review the literature on cardiac infections all night to present the case to rounds the next morning. He was so moved by this field that he decided to specialize in infectious diseases, which became his priority over the next 40 years. Dr Bergeron received training in infectious diseases and was stimulated by the passion of two great sci-The passionate and enthusiastic Michel came back to Quebec from Boston and created the Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC) at Université Laval (Quebec City, Quebec). He collaborated with and was mentored by Dr Léo Gauvreau. Over the years, Michel established critical research projects to tackle infectious diseases on three main fronts: prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Today, the IDRC is one of Canada's biggest research centres in infectious diseases, and is renowned internationally for its excellence. It has 12 fundamental researchers (PhD), 12 clinical researchers (MD), 13 project managers (PhD), 41 research professionals and 55 graduate students (MSc and PhD students), in addition to summer students and research administrative staff, all totaling close to 200 …","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"43 1","pages":"287 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82210413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shauna McQuarrie, Ken Kasper, D. Moffatt, Daniel Marko, Y. Keynan
Transmitted by the bite of female sandflies, leishmaniasis is a protozoal infection. Visceral leishmaniasis, which is usually transmitted by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum, occurs when the reticuloendothelial system is affected, and is more severe in HIV-infected patients because it increases HIV viral replication, as described in this case report. The authors also describe gastrointestinal complications that occurred in both this case and in other visceral leishmaniasis cases from the literature.
{"title":"Relapse of visceral leishmaniasis in an HIV-infected patient successfully treated with a combination of miltefosine and amphotericin B","authors":"Shauna McQuarrie, Ken Kasper, D. Moffatt, Daniel Marko, Y. Keynan","doi":"10.1155/2015/176545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/176545","url":null,"abstract":"Transmitted by the bite of female sandflies, leishmaniasis is a protozoal infection. Visceral leishmaniasis, which is usually transmitted by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum, occurs when the reticuloendothelial system is affected, and is more severe in HIV-infected patients because it increases HIV viral replication, as described in this case report. The authors also describe gastrointestinal complications that occurred in both this case and in other visceral leishmaniasis cases from the literature.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"26 1","pages":"325 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73114225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：