The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale最新文献

{"title":"Staphylococcus pettenkoferi bacteremia: A case report and review of the literature","authors":"A. Hashi, J. Delport, S. Elsayed, M. Silverman","doi":"10.1155/2015/748154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/748154","url":null,"abstract":"In 2002, the coagulase-negative staphylococci species Staphylococcus pettenkoferi was first described. In addition to an overview of the laboratory detection of uncommon coagulase-negative staphylococci, this report describes, to the author’s knowledge, the first case of S pettenkoferi bacteremia in Canada.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"21 1","pages":"319 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82750739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus: A case report and discussion regarding treatment of intraocular infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci","authors":"B. Berenger, Shobhana Kulkarni, B. Hinz, S. E. Md","doi":"10.1155/2015/784910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/784910","url":null,"abstract":"Due to poor penetration of systemic or topical antibiotics into the vitreous chamber, treating endophthalmitis is challenging, especially in rare cases in which vancomycin-resistant enterococci are present. Caused by the unique mechanism of high-velocity water stream trauma, a case of exogenous endophthalmitis in a four-year-old-boy is discussed.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"38 1","pages":"330 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82259386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digging for new solutions","authors":"L. Valiquette, K. Laupland","doi":"10.1155/2015/971858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/971858","url":null,"abstract":"The magnitude of the increasing problem of resistance really takes all its meaning when appraised side-by-side with the paucity of new antimicrobials reaching the market (1). Several factors have contributed to making antimicrobial discovery less fashionable nowadays. The gigantic costs of bringing a new compound to market, from the identification of a promising target at the preclinical stages, to the final clinical trials and approval, are clearly a strong deterrent. This emphasizes the difficulty in realizing an interesting financial return, given that antimicrobials are used for diseases occurring on a very short timespan (compared with the treatment of chronic conditions) and that regulatory requirements are strict (2). In the United States, in an attempt to stimulate the discovery of new antimicrobials, the Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now (GAIN) Act has been passed by the Obama administration. Among the provisions of the Act, sponsors developing new antibiotics may benefit from the following incentives: five additional years of market exclusivity, priority review, fast-track approval and updated guidance (3). The impact of the GAIN Act is difficult to evaluate such a short time after its implementation, but considering the high costs of development and evaluation, five additional years of market exclusivity appears to be a small upgrade to really provide incentive to pharmaceutical companies to invest in this field.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"98 1","pages":"289 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83598106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment outcomes with telaprevir-based therapy for HIV/hepatitis C coinfected patients are comparable with hepatitis C monoinfected patients","authors":"C. O’Neil, J. Pang, Samuel S. Lee, M. Swain, K. Burak, P. Klein, R. Myers, Jeff Kapler, M. Gill, Martin Labrie, C. Coffin","doi":"10.1155/2015/974871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/974871","url":null,"abstract":"To the Editor: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals living with HIV (1). Before the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) were standard of care for coinfected patients with dismal sustained virological response (SVR) rates of <30% (2,3). Telaprevir (TVR), an NS3/4A protease inhibitor, was a first-generation DAA approved for HCV treatment in Canada, in November 2012. In randomized trials, the rate of SVR to TVR/peg-IFN/RBV was 65% to 75% in monoinfected patients and similar in coinfected patients (4-8). Few studies have reported treatment outcomes of TVR-based therapy outside of clinical trials. Our objective was to compare clinical outcomes of HCV-monoinfected and HIV-HCV coinfected patients treated with TVR-based triple therapy at a regional referral centre in Alberta. Patients who initiated TVR/pegIFN/RBV combination therapy from June 2011 to December 2013, were included in the study. Patients were treated according to Canadian guidelines for HCV treatment (9,10). All patients with HCV genotype 1 were eligible for therapy and were treated at the discretion of their HCV care provider. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected at baseline and during therapy. Parameters of interest included HIV-coinfection, body mass index (BMI), Child-Pugh classification, previous injection drug use, haemophilia, liver transplantation, hepatitis B coinfection and previous HCV treatment. Fibrosis was determined using transient elastography by FibroScan (Echosens, France) with the following parameters: F0 to F1 ≤7.0, F2 7.1 to 9.4, F3 9.5 to 12.4, F4 (cirrhosis) ≥12.5 (11). Where applicable, HIV viral load and CD4+ T cell count were collected. Severe treatment-related anemia and thrombocytopenia were defined as nadir of hemoglobin ≤80 g/L and platelet count ≤50×109, respectively. Treatment response was determined using established definitions according to Canadian guidelines (9). Patients lost to follow-up were considered to have virological failure. In total, 103 patients received TVR at our clinics (Table 1). This included 13 (12.6%) HIV-HCV coinfected patients and seven (6.7%) patients who experienced recurrent HCV after liver transplantation. The median age at treatment onset was 56 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 51 to 59 years); 72% of patients were male and 86% were Caucasian. One-third (37%) of patients reported a history of injection drug use, nine (10%) had hemophilia and three (3%) were HCVhepatitis B virus coinfected. The median BMI was 26.8 kg/m2 (IQR 24.0 kg/m2 to 30.5 kg/m2). Forty-seven percent (n=45) of patients had been previously treated with pegIFN-RBV and 13% (n=12) were previous null responders. Most patients were HCV genotype 1a and IL28B non-CC genotype (71% and 70%, respectively). The majority (60%) of patients had advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis (F3 or F4). One patient had decompensated Child-Pugh B ","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"18 1","pages":"293 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78917692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of empirical albendazole treatment in idiopathic hypereosinophilia – a case series","authors":"Eleonora Vaisben, Ronen Brand, Anas Kadakh, F. Nassar","doi":"10.1155/2015/531675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/531675","url":null,"abstract":"Hypereosinophilia can lead to life-threatening organ damage when associated with eosinophilic infiltration of tissues. Although it is associated with a broad variety of diseases, sometimes no other abnormalities are detected. The authors present a novel approach to the treatment of hypereosinophilia, especially when an underlying cause fails to be detected.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"16 1","pages":"323 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85609789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual case of abdominal pain","authors":"S. Vaughan, M. Sadler, S. Jayakumar, B. Missaghi, W. Chan, D. Church","doi":"10.1155/2015/578715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/578715","url":null,"abstract":"CASE PRESENTATION A 50-year-old man presented to the emergency department (ED) with vomitting and epigastric pain 1 h after eating raw, wild salmon, which he had purchased from a major chain grocery store. He experienced immediate onset of profuse emesis and upper abdominal pain with no diarrhea. The epigastric pain was severe (described as 8 of 10) and persisted for 2 h. On presentation to the ED 6 h after eating the fish, he had a fever of 39°C and continued to experience severe abdominal pain, which localized to the left upper quadrant. On examination, the patient had abdominal tenderness, which was worse over the left upper quadrant and epigastrium. Hematological tests revealed a hemoglobin level of 167 g/L, a platelet count of 96×109/L and an elevated white blood cell count of 11.4×109/L, with predominant neutrophilia but no eosinophilia. His chest x-ray was unremarkable, and stool culture for ova and parasites was negative. An abdominal x-ray revealed an abnormal contour of air surrounding the gastric mucosa, suggesting extensive lobular thickening. A subsequent computed tomography scan revealed uniform thickening of the ruggae in the fundus and body of the stomach, suggestive of acute gastritis or neoplasia. He underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), at which time a diagnosis was made.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"55 1","pages":"297 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82272628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are physicians obligated to tell parents about the meningococcal serogroup B vaccine?","authors":"Dr Joan L Robinson","doi":"10.1155/2015/506367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/506367","url":null,"abstract":"To the Editor: A recent article argues for inclusion of meningococcal serogroup B vaccine in the routine Ontario immunization schedule (1). Unfortunately, titres to some vaccine components wane significantly over a period as short as 12 months after a primary series, indicating that frequent boosters may be required (2,3). There was only a 16.5% (95% CI 1.5% to 29.2%) decline in carriage rates when university students were immunized (4), potentially yielding less herd effect than with conjugated meningococcal vaccines (5,6). The authors of the article state “... even while the vaccine is not yet included in routine vaccination programs, it remains the responsibility of pediatricians, general practitioners and public health officials to educate and advise parents about the vaccine, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding immunization of their children” (1). The advice from the Canadian Medical Protective Association on this dilemma is:","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"74 1","pages":"333 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85717076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nine-week-old girl with fever and seizures","authors":"M. Lefebvre, B. Malette, I. Brukner, C. Saint-Martin, J. Papenburg","doi":"10.1155/2015/397285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/397285","url":null,"abstract":"CASE PRESENTATION A nine-week-old girl presented to the emergency department with a 12 h history of fever and a 1 min generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Review of systems was otherwise negative. Her two-year-old sister experienced a fever and oropharyngeal ulcers two weeks before. On physical examination, she was febrile to 39.2°C rectal, but with otherwise normal vital signs. She was well-appearing and her examination was normal, including the neurological examination. Blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were obtained, and intravenous ceftriaxone, vancomycin and acyclovir were started. Laboratory investigations showed a normal complete blood cell count and transaminase levels. CSF examination revealed 55 white blood cells/μL (51% monocytes, 37% lymphocytes, 12% neutrophils), 7 red blood cells/μL, normal protein (0.35 g/L) and normal glucose (2.9 mmol/L). An electroencephalogram revealed active epileptiform activity over the right centroparietal regions. She was admitted to the pediatric ward and underwent magnetic resonance imaging of her head, which revealed multifocal nonenhancing lesions in the subcortical white matter of the right precentral gyrus, right cingular gyrus, right corticospinal tract, as well as the right internal capsule and thalamus (Figure 1). Bacterial cultures were without growth and antibiotics were discontinued after 48 h. CSF herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and HSV 2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (LightCycler 2.0 HSV 1/2 qualitative kit [Roche Diagnostics, Canada]) and enterovirus PCR were also negative. Repeat lumbar puncture and blood testing were performed on hospital day 3. DIAGNOSIS Both the CSF and blood samples obtained on hospital day 3 returned positive results for HSV-1 using PCR, confirming a diagnosis of HSV encephalitis. Extracted DNA from the initial CSF was re-tested using a different laboratory-developed HSV 1 and HSV 2 quantitative realtime PCR assay at another reference laboratory. In retrospect, the initial CSF specimen was positive for HSV 1 (2,675 copies/mL) using this assay, as were the second CSF specimen (21,905 copies/mL) and the blood sample (12,089 copies/mL).","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"61 1","pages":"247 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77920397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An educational forum to engage infectious diseases and microbiology residents in resource stewardship modelled after the Choosing Wisely campaign","authors":"Derek R. MacFadden, Wayne L. Gold, Ibrahim Al-Busaidi, Jeffrey D Craig, Dan Petrescu, Ilana S Saltzman, J. Leis","doi":"10.1155/2015/797489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/797489","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Rising costs present a major threat to the sustainability of health care delivery. Resource stewardship is increasingly becoming an expected competency of physicians. The Choosing Wisely framework was used to introduce resource stewardship at a national educational retreat for infectious disease and microbiology residents. METHODS: During the 2014 Annual Canadian Infectious Disease and Microbiology Resident Retreat in Toronto, Ontario, infectious disease (n=50) and microbiology (n=17) residents representing 11 Canadian universities from six provinces, were invited to participate in a modified Delphi panel. Participants were asked, in advance of the retreat, to submit up to five practices that infectious disease and microbiology specialists should not routinely perform due to lack of proven benefit(s) and/or potential harm to patients. Submissions were discussed in small and large group forums using an iterative approach involving electronic polling until consensus was reached for five practices. A finalized list was created for both educational purposes and for residents to consider enacting; however, it was not intended to replace formal society-endorsed statements. A follow-up survey at two-months was conducted. RESULTS: Consensus was reached by the residents regarding five low-value practices within the purview of infectious diseases and microbiology physicians. After the retreat, 20 participants (32%) completed the follow-up survey. The majority of respondents (75%) believed that the session was at least as relevant as other sessions they attended at the retreat, including 95% indicating that at least some of the material discussed was new to them. Since returning to their home institutions, nine (45%) respondents have incorporated what they learned into their daily practice; four (20%) reported that they have considered initiating a project related to the session; and one (5%) reported having initiated a project. CONCLUSIONS: The present educational forum demonstrated that trainees can become actively engaged in the identification and discussion of low-value practices. Embedding residence training programs with resource stewardship education will be necessary to improve the value of care offered by the future members of our profession.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"24 1","pages":"231 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87334305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delftia acidovorans: A rare pathogen in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients","authors":"H. Bilgin, Abdurrahman Sarmis, E. Tigen, G. Soyletir, L. Mulazımoglu","doi":"10.1155/2015/973284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/973284","url":null,"abstract":"Delftia acidovorans is usually a nonpathogenic environmental organism, which is rarely clinically significant. This article documents a case of D acidovorans-associated pneumonia in a B cell lymphoblastic leukemia patient. The authors also provide a review of the literature regarding D acidovorans infection and discuss how unusual pathogens may be clinically significant in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients.","PeriodicalId":22481,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale","volume":"9 1","pages":"277 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82142064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}