Scott Monteith,Tasha Glenn,John R Geddes,Peter C Whybrow,Eric D Achtyes,Suzanne Huberty,Rita Bauer,Michael Bauer
The use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) by teenagers is increasing rapidly. GenAI is a form of artificial intelligence that creates new text, images, video and audio, using models based on huge amounts of training data. However, using GenAI can also create misinformation and biased, inappropriate and harmful outputs. Teenagers are increasingly using GenAI in daily life, including in mental healthcare, and may not be aware of the limitations and risks. GenAI may also be used for malicious purposes that may have long-term, negative impacts on mental health. There is a need to increase awareness of how GenAI may have a negative impact on the mental health of teenagers.
{"title":"Increasing use of generative artificial intelligence by teenagers.","authors":"Scott Monteith,Tasha Glenn,John R Geddes,Peter C Whybrow,Eric D Achtyes,Suzanne Huberty,Rita Bauer,Michael Bauer","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2025.10495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2025.10495","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) by teenagers is increasing rapidly. GenAI is a form of artificial intelligence that creates new text, images, video and audio, using models based on huge amounts of training data. However, using GenAI can also create misinformation and biased, inappropriate and harmful outputs. Teenagers are increasingly using GenAI in daily life, including in mental healthcare, and may not be aware of the limitations and risks. GenAI may also be used for malicious purposes that may have long-term, negative impacts on mental health. There is a need to increase awareness of how GenAI may have a negative impact on the mental health of teenagers.","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Connectedness and resilience in Billie Eilish's Everything I Wanted - Psychiatry in music.","authors":"Nadine Assunção Magalhães Abdalla","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2025.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2025.111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"62 1","pages":"182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"juvenile psychiatry, burning out - Poem.","authors":"Philip Archard","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2025.10442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2025.10442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"275 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ezra seeing Ezra - Psychiatry in theatre.","authors":"Ezra N S Lockhart","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2025.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2025.97","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"30 1","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Smith,Juan Graña,Agustín Artese,Robert van Voren,Michael Liebrenz
{"title":"'I will not go mad to please you': Ezra Pound (1885-1972) and his insanity plea against charges of treason - Psychiatry in history.","authors":"Alexander Smith,Juan Graña,Agustín Artese,Robert van Voren,Michael Liebrenz","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2025.10337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2025.10337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"63 1","pages":"183-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The cost of not speaking up: commentary, Naylor.","authors":"Anne Naylor","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2025.10519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2025.10519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lais B Razza,Matthias S Luethi,Adriano Moffa,Sabine Aust,Daniel M Blumberger,Jerome Brunelin,Gerrit Burkhardt,Cecilia Chiarenza,Colleen K Loo,Remi Moirand,Woojae Myung,Camilla L Nord,Ulrich Palm,Rebecca Segrave,Leandro Valiengo,Frank Padberg,Alexandre Paim Diaz,André R Brunoni,Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
BACKGROUNDTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows promise for treating depression, but heterogeneous findings from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) - likely due to patient characteristics and methodological differences - limit clear conclusions about its efficacy.AIMSThis individual patient data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) aims to evaluate the efficacy of tDCS for depression and explore moderators of clinical depression improvement.METHODDatabases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) were searched up to 1 February 2025 for RCTs comparing active versus sham tDCS in acute depressive episodes. The outcomes were Hedges' g for continuous measures of depressive symptoms, odds ratio for response and remission rates and analyses of individual/methodological moderators of clinical improvement. Acceptability was assessed via dropout rates. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I² statistic. Publication and risk of bias were evaluated with Egger's test and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, respectively.RESULTSOf 29 eligible RCTs, 18 data-sets provided IPD, totalling 1246 included in the IPD-MA (651 active, 595 sham; mean age 43.2, 63.4% female). Most studies (90%) had low risk of bias. Active tDCS showed small but statistically significant effects on depression improvement (Hedges' d = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11-0.35) and response rates (odds ratio 1.33, 95% CI = 1.04-1.72), with low-to-moderate heterogeneity. No significant difference in remission rates (odds ratio 1.30, 95% CI = 0.98-1.74) and dropout rates (12.7% active, 11.3% sham) were observed between groups. Only sample size significantly moderated clinical improvement, with larger trials showing smaller between-group differences.CONCLUSIONSIn this IPD data-set, tDCS showed modest efficacy for depression. Future research should clarify its mechanisms, considering non-specific placebo effects.
背景：经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）显示出治疗抑郁症的希望，但随机对照试验（rct）的结果不一致——可能是由于患者特征和方法差异——限制了对其疗效的明确结论。目的本研究旨在评估tDCS治疗抑郁症的疗效，并探讨临床抑郁症改善的调节因子。方法检索截至2025年2月1日的数据库（PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library），查找比较急性抑郁发作中主动与假性tDCS的随机对照试验。结果为抑郁症状持续测量的Hedges g，反应和缓解率的优势比以及临床改善的个体/方法学调节因子的分析。通过辍学率来评估可接受性。异质性采用I²统计量进行量化。分别用Egger’s检验和Cochrane risk of bias Tool评价发表和偏倚风险。结果29项符合条件的随机对照试验中，18组数据集提供了IPD，共有1246例纳入IPD- ma（651例有效，595例假，平均年龄43.2岁，63.4%为女性）。大多数研究（90%）偏倚风险较低。主动tDCS对抑郁症改善（Hedges' d = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11-0.35）和缓解率（优势比1.33,95% CI = 1.04-1.72）的影响虽小，但具有统计学意义，异质性为低至中度。两组间缓解率（优势比1.30,95% CI = 0.98-1.74）和退出率（积极组12.7%，假组11.3%）无显著差异。只有样本量显著减缓了临床改善，较大的试验显示组间差异较小。结论在IPD数据集中，tDCS对抑郁症的疗效一般。未来的研究应阐明其机制，考虑非特异性安慰剂效应。
{"title":"Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: individual patient data meta-analysis.","authors":"Lais B Razza,Matthias S Luethi,Adriano Moffa,Sabine Aust,Daniel M Blumberger,Jerome Brunelin,Gerrit Burkhardt,Cecilia Chiarenza,Colleen K Loo,Remi Moirand,Woojae Myung,Camilla L Nord,Ulrich Palm,Rebecca Segrave,Leandro Valiengo,Frank Padberg,Alexandre Paim Diaz,André R Brunoni,Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2025.10511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2025.10511","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows promise for treating depression, but heterogeneous findings from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) - likely due to patient characteristics and methodological differences - limit clear conclusions about its efficacy.AIMSThis individual patient data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) aims to evaluate the efficacy of tDCS for depression and explore moderators of clinical depression improvement.METHODDatabases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) were searched up to 1 February 2025 for RCTs comparing active versus sham tDCS in acute depressive episodes. The outcomes were Hedges' g for continuous measures of depressive symptoms, odds ratio for response and remission rates and analyses of individual/methodological moderators of clinical improvement. Acceptability was assessed via dropout rates. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I² statistic. Publication and risk of bias were evaluated with Egger's test and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, respectively.RESULTSOf 29 eligible RCTs, 18 data-sets provided IPD, totalling 1246 included in the IPD-MA (651 active, 595 sham; mean age 43.2, 63.4% female). Most studies (90%) had low risk of bias. Active tDCS showed small but statistically significant effects on depression improvement (Hedges' d = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11-0.35) and response rates (odds ratio 1.33, 95% CI = 1.04-1.72), with low-to-moderate heterogeneity. No significant difference in remission rates (odds ratio 1.30, 95% CI = 0.98-1.74) and dropout rates (12.7% active, 11.3% sham) were observed between groups. Only sample size significantly moderated clinical improvement, with larger trials showing smaller between-group differences.CONCLUSIONSIn this IPD data-set, tDCS showed modest efficacy for depression. Future research should clarify its mechanisms, considering non-specific placebo effects.","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDDysphoria - characterised by irritable tension, pervasive discontent and aversive emotionality - is a clinically significant yet nosologically ambiguous phenomenon. It remains marginalised in major diagnostic systems (DSM-5-TR, ICD-11), relegated to a symptomatic descriptor rather than a validated entity, perpetuating diagnostic imprecision and therapeutic risks.AIMSThis review argues for the formal recognition of dysphoria as a distinct transdiagnostic affective dimension. It synthesises evidence to demonstrate its neurobehavioural correlates, protean manifestations across disorders and the clinical imperative for its operationalisation within dimensional frameworks.METHODWe conducted a synthesis of evidence across neuropsychiatry, phenomenology and diagnostic research. Historical typologies (e.g. directionality (extrapunitive versus intrapunitive), temporality (paroxysmal versus chronic) and structural complexity) and contemporary dimensional models (e.g. RDoC's Negative Valence Systems) were critically examined.RESULTSDysphoria manifests heterogeneously across conditions: as paroxysmal hostility in epilepsy (e.g. interictal dysphoric disorder), affective estrangement in schizophrenia (irritability blended with detachment) and core dysregulation in personality pathology (e.g. borderline emptiness, antisocial hostility). Its exclusion as a primary construct leads to diagnostic inaccuracy (misattribution to depression or behavioural disorders) and iatrogenic harm (e.g. antidepressant-induced agitation). Historical typologies retain clinical utility for risk assessment and treatment planning.CONCLUSIONSOperationalising dysphoria within dimensional frameworks is essential to elucidate its unique pathophysiology, mitigate iatrogenic harm and advance targeted interventions. Formal recognition of dysphoria as a distinct construct is an ethical and clinical imperative - failure to do so perpetuates diagnostic imprecision, therapeutic missteps and preventable suffering.
{"title":"Dysphoria in contemporary psychiatry: forgotten affective state in need of diagnostic recognition.","authors":"Valentin Skryabin,Kirill Kolobov,Mikhail Mikhailov","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2025.10518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2025.10518","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDDysphoria - characterised by irritable tension, pervasive discontent and aversive emotionality - is a clinically significant yet nosologically ambiguous phenomenon. It remains marginalised in major diagnostic systems (DSM-5-TR, ICD-11), relegated to a symptomatic descriptor rather than a validated entity, perpetuating diagnostic imprecision and therapeutic risks.AIMSThis review argues for the formal recognition of dysphoria as a distinct transdiagnostic affective dimension. It synthesises evidence to demonstrate its neurobehavioural correlates, protean manifestations across disorders and the clinical imperative for its operationalisation within dimensional frameworks.METHODWe conducted a synthesis of evidence across neuropsychiatry, phenomenology and diagnostic research. Historical typologies (e.g. directionality (extrapunitive versus intrapunitive), temporality (paroxysmal versus chronic) and structural complexity) and contemporary dimensional models (e.g. RDoC's Negative Valence Systems) were critically examined.RESULTSDysphoria manifests heterogeneously across conditions: as paroxysmal hostility in epilepsy (e.g. interictal dysphoric disorder), affective estrangement in schizophrenia (irritability blended with detachment) and core dysregulation in personality pathology (e.g. borderline emptiness, antisocial hostility). Its exclusion as a primary construct leads to diagnostic inaccuracy (misattribution to depression or behavioural disorders) and iatrogenic harm (e.g. antidepressant-induced agitation). Historical typologies retain clinical utility for risk assessment and treatment planning.CONCLUSIONSOperationalising dysphoria within dimensional frameworks is essential to elucidate its unique pathophysiology, mitigate iatrogenic harm and advance targeted interventions. Formal recognition of dysphoria as a distinct construct is an ethical and clinical imperative - failure to do so perpetuates diagnostic imprecision, therapeutic missteps and preventable suffering.","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychiatry seems beleaguered: from underfunding of education, training, research and services to marginalisation within the healthcare world and even doubts about its relevance. Medical training, with advanced relational and formulation skills and a strong foundation of research, equips psychiatrists to exercise clinical leadership across the healthcare landscape. This expertise can and must be used to benefit patient care.
{"title":"Reclaiming medical leadership: an imperative for psychiatry and psychiatrists.","authors":"Subodh Dave","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2025.10499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2025.10499","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatry seems beleaguered: from underfunding of education, training, research and services to marginalisation within the healthcare world and even doubts about its relevance. Medical training, with advanced relational and formulation skills and a strong foundation of research, equips psychiatrists to exercise clinical leadership across the healthcare landscape. This expertise can and must be used to benefit patient care.","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145807883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Royal College of Psychiatrists was established in 1971 with psychiatric training as its core business. Drawing on a feature written by a former president in 2000, this editorial is a reflection on how his predictions played out in the real-life practice of psychiatry and the suggested way forward.
{"title":"Where we started, how we travelled and where next?","authors":"Regi T Alexander","doi":"10.1192/bjp.2025.10522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2025.10522","url":null,"abstract":"The Royal College of Psychiatrists was established in 1971 with psychiatric training as its core business. Drawing on a feature written by a former president in 2000, this editorial is a reflection on how his predictions played out in the real-life practice of psychiatry and the suggested way forward.","PeriodicalId":22495,"journal":{"name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"1659 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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