Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.13
P. Agrawat, Rubina Ali, Gaurang Mistry, Omkar Shetty
Complete oral rehabilitation in patients with severely worn dentition is challenging due to the loss of occlusal vertical dimension, loss of tooth structure, uneven wear of teeth creating an uneven plane of occlusion, and parafunctional habits. The severe wear of anterior teeth facilitated the loss of anterior guidance, which protects the posterior teeth from wear during excursive movement. The collapse of posterior prosthesis teeth also results in the loss of the normal occlusal plane and the reduction of the vertical dimension. This case report described 56-year-old female, who had the loss of anterior guidance, the severe wear of dentition, and the reduction of the vertical dimension. Occlusal overlay splint was used after the decision of increasing vertical dimension by anatomical landmark, facial and physiologic measurement. Once the compatibility of the new vertical dimension had been confirmed, interim fixed restoration and the permanent reconstruction was initiated. This case reports that a satisfactory clinical result was achieved by restoring the vertical dimension with an improvement in aesthetics and function. Key-words: Fixed Prosthesis, Cast Partial Denture, semi precision attachment, mutually protected occlusion
{"title":"A Systematic Approach to Full Mouth Rehabilitation Using Combination of Fixed-Removable Prosthesis with Attachments","authors":"P. Agrawat, Rubina Ali, Gaurang Mistry, Omkar Shetty","doi":"10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Complete oral rehabilitation in patients with severely worn dentition is challenging due to the loss of occlusal vertical dimension, loss of tooth structure, uneven wear of teeth creating an uneven plane of occlusion, and parafunctional habits. The severe wear of anterior teeth facilitated the loss of anterior guidance, which protects the posterior teeth from wear during excursive movement. The collapse of posterior prosthesis teeth also results in the loss of the normal occlusal plane and the reduction of the vertical dimension. This case report described 56-year-old female, who had the loss of anterior guidance, the severe wear of dentition, and the reduction of the vertical dimension. Occlusal overlay splint was used after the decision of increasing vertical dimension by anatomical landmark, facial and physiologic measurement. Once the compatibility of the new vertical dimension had been confirmed, interim fixed restoration and the permanent reconstruction was initiated. This case reports that a satisfactory clinical result was achieved by restoring the vertical dimension with an improvement in aesthetics and function. Key-words: Fixed Prosthesis, Cast Partial Denture, semi precision attachment, mutually protected occlusion","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76964990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.7
M. Fazal-ur-Rehman
{"title":"Biological Scope of ß-Amino Acids and its Derivatives in Medical Fields and Biochemistry","authors":"M. Fazal-ur-Rehman","doi":"10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86539819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.3.15
Ordu Ji, Onyemelukwe Ji
Using the wet granulation method of tablet formulation, ibuprofen tablets were formulated with binder concentration of 2%, 4% and 6% w/w respectively. The compressional, mechanical and dissolution properties were analyzed using density, crushing strength and dissolution methods. The result obtained showed that tablets made with ginger starch had acceptable crushing strength and dissolution rate. The disintegration time for 2%, 4% and 6% w/w ginger starch were 22.25, 17.07 and 33.17 minutes respectively and that for cassava starch 34.24, 29.16 and 33.35 minutes respectively. The 2% w/w of the ginger and cassava starches did not fall within the standard limit of the hardness test (4–8 kg) but rather values of 8.55 kg and 8.45 kg respectively were obtained and this may be linked to the thresh hold of the concentration of the binder not being attained. All the formulations passed the qualitative analysis but that consisting of 4% w/w ginger starch performed excellently in the entire tests hence ginger starch of such concentration could be a very suitable excipient for ibuprofen tablet formulation as compared to cassava starch of the same percentage composition. Key-words: Ginger, Cassava, Ibuprofen, Starch, Tablet, Natural biodegradable biopolymer INTRODUCTION Binders as agents impart cohesive qualities to powdered material during the production of tablet. They impact such properties to the tablet formulation by ensuring that the tablet remains intact after compression as well as improving free powder flowing quality . Binders have been used as solutions and in dry form depending on nature of another ingredient in the formulation and method of preparation. The choice of a particular binding agent depends on the binding force required, compatibility with other ingredients, particularly the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) . Important materials commonly used as binders are starch, gelatin, natural gum, sugar, acacia, polyethylene glycol, water etc . Starch is the most common binder and pharmaceutical excipient used in tablet formulation How to cite this article Ordu JI, Onyemelukwe JI. Comparative Assessment of Ginger and Cassava Starch as a Binder on Ibuprofen Tablet Formulation. Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): 1834-1843. Access this article online www.ijlssr.com to impart cohesion on powder mix during tablet formulation. Starch as one of the most abundant organic chemicals on earth is found in the leaves of green plants and on the plastids where it is synthesized from seeds, roots, and tubers of most plants serving as the chemical storage form of energy . Starch is a natural biodegradable biopolymer which has wide industrial application, a quantitatively important digestible polysaccharide regarded as nutritionally superior to low molecular weight carbohydrate or sugar .Maize and potato starch has been in common use and recently cassava starch . Another type of starch currently under study is ginger starch as a binder in the pharma
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Ginger and Cassava Starch as a Binder on Ibuprofen Tablet Formulation","authors":"Ordu Ji, Onyemelukwe Ji","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.3.15","url":null,"abstract":"Using the wet granulation method of tablet formulation, ibuprofen tablets were formulated with binder concentration of 2%, 4% and 6% w/w respectively. The compressional, mechanical and dissolution properties were analyzed using density, crushing strength and dissolution methods. The result obtained showed that tablets made with ginger starch had acceptable crushing strength and dissolution rate. The disintegration time for 2%, 4% and 6% w/w ginger starch were 22.25, 17.07 and 33.17 minutes respectively and that for cassava starch 34.24, 29.16 and 33.35 minutes respectively. The 2% w/w of the ginger and cassava starches did not fall within the standard limit of the hardness test (4–8 kg) but rather values of 8.55 kg and 8.45 kg respectively were obtained and this may be linked to the thresh hold of the concentration of the binder not being attained. All the formulations passed the qualitative analysis but that consisting of 4% w/w ginger starch performed excellently in the entire tests hence ginger starch of such concentration could be a very suitable excipient for ibuprofen tablet formulation as compared to cassava starch of the same percentage composition. Key-words: Ginger, Cassava, Ibuprofen, Starch, Tablet, Natural biodegradable biopolymer INTRODUCTION Binders as agents impart cohesive qualities to powdered material during the production of tablet. They impact such properties to the tablet formulation by ensuring that the tablet remains intact after compression as well as improving free powder flowing quality . Binders have been used as solutions and in dry form depending on nature of another ingredient in the formulation and method of preparation. The choice of a particular binding agent depends on the binding force required, compatibility with other ingredients, particularly the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) . Important materials commonly used as binders are starch, gelatin, natural gum, sugar, acacia, polyethylene glycol, water etc . Starch is the most common binder and pharmaceutical excipient used in tablet formulation How to cite this article Ordu JI, Onyemelukwe JI. Comparative Assessment of Ginger and Cassava Starch as a Binder on Ibuprofen Tablet Formulation. Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): 1834-1843. Access this article online www.ijlssr.com to impart cohesion on powder mix during tablet formulation. Starch as one of the most abundant organic chemicals on earth is found in the leaves of green plants and on the plastids where it is synthesized from seeds, roots, and tubers of most plants serving as the chemical storage form of energy . Starch is a natural biodegradable biopolymer which has wide industrial application, a quantitatively important digestible polysaccharide regarded as nutritionally superior to low molecular weight carbohydrate or sugar .Maize and potato starch has been in common use and recently cassava starch . Another type of starch currently under study is ginger starch as a binder in the pharma","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84697430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.3.11
A. Abbas
Gummosis is the most severe disease on the fruit trees of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) region of Pakistan. In summer 2016, gummosis disease was observed on apricots, cherry, peach, plum and almonds trees in orchards of Nomal and Nagar Valleys in GB region of Pakistan. The diseased trees initially exhibited sunken lesions on the trunks, twigs and branches of fruit trees. Later these sunken lesions become darker in color and exudation of yellowish or whitish or transparent gum through these lesions become prominent. With the age of plants canker develops on the trunk and branches of fruit trees. Gummosis can result from infection by plant pathogen, due to climatic changes, injuries and pest infestations. The disease can be controlled by cultural, biological and chemical methods. To my knowledge, this is the first report of gummosis disease on apricots, cherry, peach, plum and almonds of GB. Key-words: Gummosis, Plant disease, Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Fruit trees, cankers
{"title":"First Report of Gummosis Disease of Major Fruits in Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) Pakistan","authors":"A. Abbas","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Gummosis is the most severe disease on the fruit trees of Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) region of Pakistan. In summer 2016, gummosis disease was observed on apricots, cherry, peach, plum and almonds trees in orchards of Nomal and Nagar Valleys in GB region of Pakistan. The diseased trees initially exhibited sunken lesions on the trunks, twigs and branches of fruit trees. Later these sunken lesions become darker in color and exudation of yellowish or whitish or transparent gum through these lesions become prominent. With the age of plants canker develops on the trunk and branches of fruit trees. Gummosis can result from infection by plant pathogen, due to climatic changes, injuries and pest infestations. The disease can be controlled by cultural, biological and chemical methods. To my knowledge, this is the first report of gummosis disease on apricots, cherry, peach, plum and almonds of GB. Key-words: Gummosis, Plant disease, Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), Fruit trees, cankers","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73564893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.14
Srinivas Gorripati, K. Rajashekar, Deepa Dasu, Anvesh Jupaka, M. Thupurani
The investigation was carried out for the isolation and characterization of the compounds from heart wood of root and root bark of Muntingia calabura. We have isolated six compounds; three from each extract were identified as flavonoids. The bactericidal activity of these compounds found significant against tested bacterial strains (gram-positive and gram-negative). Among the tested compounds, 8-methoxy, 3ʹ,5ʹ7ʹ-trihydroxyflavone and 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (Galangin) showed paramount activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results were compared with known standards gentamycin sulphate and cefixime. Key-words: Bactericidal, Broth dilution method, Flavonoids, MRSA, Muntingia calabura INTRODUCTION Flavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites, ubiquitously found in nature. Over 4,000 flavonoids have been identified from different sources. The potential therapeutic applications of these metabolites have been considerable interest in recent years . Antibacterial resistance a “ticking time bomb” of public heath, serious threatening issue, whenever a simple infection turns to fatal and if tomorrow it extends its current course could become even worst. Majority of the plant metabolites in drug discovery has come from the diverse structures of the medicinal plants. These are often perceived as immense drug-likeness and more biological friendliness and making them good candidates in drug development . M. calabura is native to Southern Mexico and Central America, distributed all over the tropical regions of the world and especially, In India. M. calabura crude extracts for the treatment of various human disorders requires a proper scientific evaluation and documentary reports by How to cite this article Gorripati S, Rajashekar K, Dasu D, Jupaka A, Thupurani MK. Bactericidal activity of Flavonoids isolated from Muntingia calabura. Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): 1827-1833 Access this article online www.ijlssr.com Sridhar ; Zakaria et al. [11] of active principle responsible. Several researchers round the globe have been isolated and identified the compounds of this plant as flavonoids . Till the date, only few of these compounds have been evaluated for its therapeutic properties and still there are several compounds stand remained for scientific evidence based utilization . Thus, the compounds isolated in current study have been further determined for their attributed biological activity. With regard microbial resistance and plant derived drugs, the current investigation has been documented about bactericidal activity of flavonoids isolated from heart wood root and root bark of M. calabura. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant MaterialHeart wood of root and root bark of M. calabura was collected from College premises of Chaitanya Degree and Postgraduate College (Autonomous), Hanamkonnda, Warangal District, Telangana, India. The authenticity of the plant was carried out by Prof. V.S. Raju, Taxonomist, Plant systems la
{"title":"Bactericidal activity of Flavonoids isolated from Muntingia calabura","authors":"Srinivas Gorripati, K. Rajashekar, Deepa Dasu, Anvesh Jupaka, M. Thupurani","doi":"10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was carried out for the isolation and characterization of the compounds from heart wood of root and root bark of Muntingia calabura. We have isolated six compounds; three from each extract were identified as flavonoids. The bactericidal activity of these compounds found significant against tested bacterial strains (gram-positive and gram-negative). Among the tested compounds, 8-methoxy, 3ʹ,5ʹ7ʹ-trihydroxyflavone and 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (Galangin) showed paramount activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results were compared with known standards gentamycin sulphate and cefixime. Key-words: Bactericidal, Broth dilution method, Flavonoids, MRSA, Muntingia calabura INTRODUCTION Flavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites, ubiquitously found in nature. Over 4,000 flavonoids have been identified from different sources. The potential therapeutic applications of these metabolites have been considerable interest in recent years . Antibacterial resistance a “ticking time bomb” of public heath, serious threatening issue, whenever a simple infection turns to fatal and if tomorrow it extends its current course could become even worst. Majority of the plant metabolites in drug discovery has come from the diverse structures of the medicinal plants. These are often perceived as immense drug-likeness and more biological friendliness and making them good candidates in drug development . M. calabura is native to Southern Mexico and Central America, distributed all over the tropical regions of the world and especially, In India. M. calabura crude extracts for the treatment of various human disorders requires a proper scientific evaluation and documentary reports by How to cite this article Gorripati S, Rajashekar K, Dasu D, Jupaka A, Thupurani MK. Bactericidal activity of Flavonoids isolated from Muntingia calabura. Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): 1827-1833 Access this article online www.ijlssr.com Sridhar ; Zakaria et al. [11] of active principle responsible. Several researchers round the globe have been isolated and identified the compounds of this plant as flavonoids . Till the date, only few of these compounds have been evaluated for its therapeutic properties and still there are several compounds stand remained for scientific evidence based utilization . Thus, the compounds isolated in current study have been further determined for their attributed biological activity. With regard microbial resistance and plant derived drugs, the current investigation has been documented about bactericidal activity of flavonoids isolated from heart wood root and root bark of M. calabura. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant MaterialHeart wood of root and root bark of M. calabura was collected from College premises of Chaitanya Degree and Postgraduate College (Autonomous), Hanamkonnda, Warangal District, Telangana, India. The authenticity of the plant was carried out by Prof. V.S. Raju, Taxonomist, Plant systems la","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85799235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.8
S. Mahajan, Vaishali B. Mahajan, S. Bhosale
The genetic diversity among 20 pomegranate genotypes including cultivated varieties and wild germplasm by using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Plant genomic DNA was isolated using modified CTAB method. Total 17 SSR markers were screened across the twenty selected pomegranate germplasm to understand their diversity pattern at a molecular level, out of these twelve were found to be polymorphic and five were monomorphic. These polymorphic primers have generated 29 SSR marker alleles, with an average number of 1.71 alleles per locus. The maximum number of alleles was observed for twelve markers with two alleles each. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.12 to 0.38 with an average of 0.29 per marker. The observed heterozygosity value ranged from 0.12 to 0.50, with the mean value of 0.36. DARwin software was used to study the phylogenetic relationship among the selected germplasm from the scored data. Neighbor-Joining cluster analysis gives the three separate clusters. All the wild accessions were grouped into cluster I, while cultivated varieties in cluster II. Single accession (Ruby) was formed a unique cluster. PgSSR33, PgSSR16, and PgSSR25 marker were found highly polymorphic, can be efficiently used in future pomegranate breeding programmes. Key-words: PgSSR25 marker, Punica granatum, Polymorphic information content (PIC), DARwin software INTRODUCTION Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) belongs to Lythraceae family and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a highly valued delicious edible fruit crop known for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Apart from commercial cultivation, pomegranate is also cultivated for its ornamental usages . The pomegranate tree has a wide geographical distribution that spreads from Iran to the Himalayas in northern India and has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean regions of Asia, Africa and Europe . India is the world’s leading country in pomegranate production. The cultivation of pomegranate has remarkably increased by more than ten folds within a short span of two decades covering an How to cite this article Mahajan SR, Mahajan V, Bhosale SS. Molecular Characterization of Cultivated and Wild Genotypes of Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) by Using SSR Marker. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): 1786-1794 Access this article online www.ijlssr.com area of 1.32 lakh hectares with the production of 13.45 lakh tonnes and productivity of 10.3 tonnes /hectare . Microsatellites, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or short tandem repeats (STRs), are repeating sequences of 2-5 base pairs of DNA. It is a type of Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR). Microsatellites are typically co-dominant. They are used as molecular markers in STR analysis, for kinship, population, and other studies. They can also be used for studies of gene duplication or deletion, marker-assisted selection, and fingerprinting. Simple Sequ
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Cultivated and Wild Genotypes of Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) by Using SSR Marker","authors":"S. Mahajan, Vaishali B. Mahajan, S. Bhosale","doi":"10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic diversity among 20 pomegranate genotypes including cultivated varieties and wild germplasm by using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Plant genomic DNA was isolated using modified CTAB method. Total 17 SSR markers were screened across the twenty selected pomegranate germplasm to understand their diversity pattern at a molecular level, out of these twelve were found to be polymorphic and five were monomorphic. These polymorphic primers have generated 29 SSR marker alleles, with an average number of 1.71 alleles per locus. The maximum number of alleles was observed for twelve markers with two alleles each. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.12 to 0.38 with an average of 0.29 per marker. The observed heterozygosity value ranged from 0.12 to 0.50, with the mean value of 0.36. DARwin software was used to study the phylogenetic relationship among the selected germplasm from the scored data. Neighbor-Joining cluster analysis gives the three separate clusters. All the wild accessions were grouped into cluster I, while cultivated varieties in cluster II. Single accession (Ruby) was formed a unique cluster. PgSSR33, PgSSR16, and PgSSR25 marker were found highly polymorphic, can be efficiently used in future pomegranate breeding programmes. Key-words: PgSSR25 marker, Punica granatum, Polymorphic information content (PIC), DARwin software INTRODUCTION Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) belongs to Lythraceae family and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a highly valued delicious edible fruit crop known for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Apart from commercial cultivation, pomegranate is also cultivated for its ornamental usages . The pomegranate tree has a wide geographical distribution that spreads from Iran to the Himalayas in northern India and has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean regions of Asia, Africa and Europe . India is the world’s leading country in pomegranate production. The cultivation of pomegranate has remarkably increased by more than ten folds within a short span of two decades covering an How to cite this article Mahajan SR, Mahajan V, Bhosale SS. Molecular Characterization of Cultivated and Wild Genotypes of Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) by Using SSR Marker. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): 1786-1794 Access this article online www.ijlssr.com area of 1.32 lakh hectares with the production of 13.45 lakh tonnes and productivity of 10.3 tonnes /hectare . Microsatellites, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or short tandem repeats (STRs), are repeating sequences of 2-5 base pairs of DNA. It is a type of Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR). Microsatellites are typically co-dominant. They are used as molecular markers in STR analysis, for kinship, population, and other studies. They can also be used for studies of gene duplication or deletion, marker-assisted selection, and fingerprinting. Simple Sequ","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76697711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.9
A. Rai, Tehmina S. Khan
MDR-TB is a global occurrence that poses a serious threat. Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading cause of death from a single and curable infectious disease. It is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS). Its situation is worsened by the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of M. tuberculosis. In ancient time, it was considered a curse. Tuberculosis started to reemerge in the early 1990s. The completion of the first whole genome sequence of M. tuberculosis was in 1998. Multi drug resistant (MDR)-TB is caused by strains of M. tuberculosis that resistant to at least rifampicin and isoniazid. Worldwide India is the country with the highest-burden of both TB and MDR-TB. Isolation of MTB on solid media followed by subsequent DST on solid media is easy to perform in the lab. They are time-consuming classical laboratory tests methods. So the molecular method is preferable to detect MTB. Different types of tool are available to detect MDR-TB, XDR-TB. Now-a-days, there are three major commercial alternatives available and they are: GeneXpert, line probe assays (LPA) and Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). The treatment takes too long, many patients are unable to tolerate the combination, and there is a growing threat from multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant (XDR)-TB. Reliable and timely detection of drugresistant TB is needed. Key-words: Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), Multidrug resistant (MDR), Extensively drug resistant (XDR), Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) INTRODUCTION M. tuberculosis is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), a potentially fatal illness which results in approximately 2 million deaths worldwide each year . Tuberculosis is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS) . Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading cause of death from a single and curable infectious disease. In 2012, 8.6 million incident new and relapse cases of active TB disease occurred with an estimated 1.1 million (13%) of incident TB-HIV co-infected patients. The majority of TB cases worldwide were in the South-East Asia (29%), African (27%) and Western Pacific (19%) regions. India and China alone accounted for 26% and 12% of total cases, respectively . According to WHO, in 2016 an estimated 28 lakh cases occurred and 4.5 lakh people died due to TB disease . How to cite this article Rai A, Khan T. Overview of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): 1795-1800 Access this article online www.ijlssr.com MDR-TB is a global occurrence that poses a serious threat to ongoing national TB control programmes. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by a strain of M. tuberculosis that is resistant to at both isoniazid (INH, H) and rifampicin (RMP, R) that are two most powerful 1 line a
{"title":"Overview of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis","authors":"A. Rai, Tehmina S. Khan","doi":"10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"MDR-TB is a global occurrence that poses a serious threat. Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading cause of death from a single and curable infectious disease. It is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS). Its situation is worsened by the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of M. tuberculosis. In ancient time, it was considered a curse. Tuberculosis started to reemerge in the early 1990s. The completion of the first whole genome sequence of M. tuberculosis was in 1998. Multi drug resistant (MDR)-TB is caused by strains of M. tuberculosis that resistant to at least rifampicin and isoniazid. Worldwide India is the country with the highest-burden of both TB and MDR-TB. Isolation of MTB on solid media followed by subsequent DST on solid media is easy to perform in the lab. They are time-consuming classical laboratory tests methods. So the molecular method is preferable to detect MTB. Different types of tool are available to detect MDR-TB, XDR-TB. Now-a-days, there are three major commercial alternatives available and they are: GeneXpert, line probe assays (LPA) and Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). The treatment takes too long, many patients are unable to tolerate the combination, and there is a growing threat from multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant (XDR)-TB. Reliable and timely detection of drugresistant TB is needed. Key-words: Tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), Multidrug resistant (MDR), Extensively drug resistant (XDR), Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) INTRODUCTION M. tuberculosis is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), a potentially fatal illness which results in approximately 2 million deaths worldwide each year . Tuberculosis is the second-most common cause of death from infectious disease (after those due to HIV/AIDS) . Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading cause of death from a single and curable infectious disease. In 2012, 8.6 million incident new and relapse cases of active TB disease occurred with an estimated 1.1 million (13%) of incident TB-HIV co-infected patients. The majority of TB cases worldwide were in the South-East Asia (29%), African (27%) and Western Pacific (19%) regions. India and China alone accounted for 26% and 12% of total cases, respectively . According to WHO, in 2016 an estimated 28 lakh cases occurred and 4.5 lakh people died due to TB disease . How to cite this article Rai A, Khan T. Overview of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): 1795-1800 Access this article online www.ijlssr.com MDR-TB is a global occurrence that poses a serious threat to ongoing national TB control programmes. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by a strain of M. tuberculosis that is resistant to at both isoniazid (INH, H) and rifampicin (RMP, R) that are two most powerful 1 line a","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74281518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2018.4.3.16
M. Verma, P. Verma, Sunita Singh, P. Gaur, A. Siddiqui, Sarika Pandey
Nipah virus (NiV) is extremely pathogenic in nature, recently emerged paramyxovirus that has been dependable for scattered outbreaks of metastasis and encephalitic ill health in Southeast Asia. The multiplied urbanization and dynamic climate have led to rising in epidemics with incidences of recent diseases disturbing human health per annum. Most of these are zoonotic. Nipah V irus Encephalitis (NVE) is one such example that is caused by bats (flying foxes). NiV may be a new detected extremely pathogenic virus with the capability to cause devastating morbidity and mortality (an expected 100% in some cases) rate among the human populations. The illness was recorded within the sort of a significant outbreak in the Republic of India in the year of 2001 and then a tiny low incidence in the year of 2007, each the outbreaks in West Bengal only in humans without any involvement of pigs. About 1.1 million pigs had to be damaged to control the outbreak. The infection transmission from pigs acting as an intermediate host throughout Malaysian and Singapore outbreaks has adapted in NIV outbreaks in Republic of India and Bangladesh, transmission of the disease directly from bats to human followed by an individual to person. The drinking of raw date palm sap contaminated with fruit bat urine or saliva containing NiV is that the only known cause of an outbreak of the disease in Bangladesh outbreaks. High death rates have also been related to recent outbreaks in Malaysia and Bangladesh. Key-words: Nipah Virus Infection, NiV, Fruit bats, Encephalitis disease, Infectious agent, Illness, Outbreak INTRODUCTION According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), Nipah Virus is a latest emerging zoonosis which causes a severe illness in both animals and humans. Nipah Virus Infection (NiV), an infectious agent that caused the severe diseases by the Nipah (genus Henipavirus) in humans and animals also . It was earliest identified in fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family, Pteropus genus, i.e. besides natural hosts of the virus [2] and primarily identified and acquired NiV during an eruption of disease that took place in Kampung Sungai Nipah, Malaysia
尼帕病毒(NiV)本质上具有极高的致病性，最近出现的副粘病毒已成为东南亚分散暴发转移和脑病的可靠来源。成倍的城市化和多变的气候导致流行病的增加，每年都有影响人类健康的新疾病的发病率。其中大多数是人畜共患的。尼帕V型病毒性脑炎(NVE)就是这样一个由蝙蝠(飞狐)引起的例子。NiV可能是一种新发现的极致病性病毒，能够在人群中造成毁灭性的发病率和死亡率(在某些情况下预计为100%)。这种疾病在2001年印度共和国的一次重大爆发中被记录下来，然后在2007年发生了轻微的低发病率，每一次在西孟加拉邦的爆发都只在人类中发生，没有任何猪的参与。为了控制疫情爆发，大约有110万头猪被宰杀。在马来西亚和新加坡疫情中，猪作为中间宿主的感染传播在印度共和国和孟加拉国的NIV疫情中发生了变化，即疾病直接从蝙蝠传播给人类，然后由个体传播给人。饮用被含有NiV的果蝠尿液或唾液污染的生枣椰树汁是孟加拉国疫情暴发的唯一已知原因。高死亡率也与马来西亚和孟加拉国最近爆发的疫情有关。关键词:尼帕病毒感染，NiV，果蝠，脑炎疾病，传染性病原体，疾病，暴发介绍根据世界卫生组织(WHO)，尼帕病毒是一种最新出现的人畜共患病，可在动物和人类中引起严重疾病。尼帕病毒感染(NiV)，尼帕病毒(亨尼帕病毒属)在人类和动物中也引起严重疾病的传染因子。最早在狐蝠属狐蝠科的果蝠中被发现，即除了病毒的天然宿主之外[2]，主要是在马来西亚Kampung Sungai Nipah发生的疾病爆发期间被发现和获得的
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Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.4
A. Muhammad, I. Mohammed, H. Yusuf, N. M. Kwaifa, M. U. Tanimu
Potato is a temperate crop requiring low temperatures for growth and yield. Production of potato in the Sudan savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria is restricted to periods of low temperatures that prevailed from early November to late February. The general approach for potato in this region is to relate the planting date to coincide with the period of relatively low temperatures, as high temperature inhibits growth and yield. It is in view of the above that field experiments were conducted in two locations at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, during 2016/2017 dry season. The aim was to determine the most suitable potato variety and most appropriate planting date in the study area. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of four Planting dates (1 st November, 15 th November 1 st December and 15 th December 2016) and four potato varieties (Bertita, Diamant, Lady-christl and Nicola). The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results revealed that number of tubers per plant, weight of tubers per plant, mean tuber weight, mean tuber diameter and fresh tuber yield were higher when planted on 1 st 15 th November. Bertita proved to be the most robust in terms of growth; and with Nicola, in terms of yield compared to the other varieties. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that planting of potato from 1 st November to 15 th November coupled with either Bertita or Nicola give the highest potato yield in the study area. Key-words: Solanum tuberosum, Savanna Ecological Zone, Tuberization, High altitude regions INTRODUCTION Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a temperate crop belonging to Solanaceae family. Potato is the fourth most important food crop in the world . It is believed to have originated from high plains of Andes Cordillera, where the Incas cultivated the crop largely for food. In tropical Africa, countries like Malawi, Rwanda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Cameroon, and Nigeria are among the main potato producing areas, where potato is produced on commercial scale, particularly on high altitude regions where temperatures and humidity are relatively low and suitable for potato growth, development and yield . How to cite this article Muhammad A, Mohammed IU, Yusuf H, Kwaifa NM, Tanimu MU. Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as Influenced by Variety and Planting Date in the Sudan Savanna Ecological Zone of Nigeria. Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): 1759-1765 Access this article online www.ijlssr.com Potato introduction and cultivation in Nigeria began in the early 1920s by Europeans involved in tin mining on the Jos plateau . In Nigeria, the area under potato cultivation during 2014 stands at 142, 680 hectares of land with an average production of 1,184,865 metric tonnes. Farmers yield was about 8.3 t ha in Nigeria . Over 85% of potato produced in Nigeria comes from Jos plateau. Other important potato areas
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