Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.11
Ijlssr Journal, R. D. M. Teles, V. E. M. Filho, A. G. D. Souza
Aedes aegypti mosquito is the major vector of zika, chikungunya, and dengue fever. These diseases incidence has been growing rapidly in many points of the globe in the past few years. And because there’s no vaccine for them yet, the best way to fight those diseases is to attack their vector, specially by eliminating potential sites for its oviposition and larvae growth. Nowadays, organophosphorus insecticides are used in increasing doses, which targets Aedes aegypti resistant populations. Aniba duckei Kostermans, which is known as rosewood and belongs to the Lauraceae family, is a species with trees up to 30 meters tall and 1 meter in trunk diameter. It’s essential oil is used in perfumery due to its high content of linalool. This research identified the components of essential oil from Aniba duckei Kostermans thin branches and leaves and then applied it as larvicide against Aedes aegypti, and its effects were measured by calculation of concentration at which half larvae die (LC50). Average yield found for oil by plant was 1.93% by mass. The major component in rosewood essential oil is linalool, whose concentration was found 89.34% by mass. LC50 for the essential oil was 250.61 (±2.20) μg mL -1 , for l-linalool, 279.89 (±2.12) μg mL -1 , and for dl-linalool was 346.73 (±2.14) μg mL -1 . Key-wordsEssential oil, Aniba duckei Kostermans, Linalool, Aedes aegypti, Larvicide INTRODUCTION The world has experienced a dengue incidence increase in the last 50 years. Recent studies estimate about 395 million cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever in 100 countries, of which 500 thousand are classified as dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome (DHF / DSS) [1] . Disease is caused by four serotypes of dengue virus, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV4 [2] . This is the most important arbovirosis worldwide with about 50 million infections per year [3] , and it can be asymptomatic or manifest many symptoms, from self-limited febrile illness to severe forms that may lead to death [4] . In terms of morbidity and mortality, dengue is nowadays considered the most important viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, constituting a serious public health problem of urban centers from South & Central America, Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:
埃及伊蚊是寨卡病毒、基孔肯雅热和登革热的主要媒介。在过去几年中，这些疾病的发病率在全球许多地方迅速增长。因为目前还没有针对它们的疫苗，所以对抗这些疾病的最好方法是攻击它们的载体，特别是通过消除其产卵和幼虫生长的潜在场所。如今，有机磷杀虫剂的使用剂量越来越大，其目标是埃及伊蚊抗性种群。紫檀木(Aniba duckei Kostermans)属于樟科，被称为紫檀木，树高可达30米，树干直径1米。它的精油因其高含量的芳樟醇而被用于香水。本研究鉴定了鸭竹细枝细叶精油的主要成分，并将其作为杀蚊剂应用于埃及伊蚊，通过计算半数幼虫死亡浓度(LC50)来测定其药效。平均产油率为1.93%(质量比)。红木精油的主要成分为芳樟醇，其质量浓度为89.34%。精油LC50为250.61(±2.20)μ mL -1, l-芳樟醇LC50为279.89(±2.12)μ mL -1, dl-芳樟醇LC50为346.73(±2.14)μ mL -1。【关键词】精油，紫檀香，芳樟醇，埃及伊蚊，杀幼虫剂引言在过去的50年里，全世界的登革热发病率呈上升趋势。最近的研究估计，100个国家约有3.95亿登革热出血热病例，其中50万例被列为登革出血热/登革休克综合征(DHF / DSS)。该病由四种血清型登革热病毒(DENV-1、DENV-2、DENV-3和DENV4[2])引起。这是世界上最重要的虫媒病毒病，每年约有5000万例感染bb1，它可以无症状或表现出许多症状，从自限性发热疾病到可能导致死亡的严重形式bb1。就发病率和死亡率而言，登革热目前被认为是由蚊子传播的最重要的病毒性疾病，构成了南美洲和中美洲城市中心的严重公共卫生问题。
{"title":"Chemical Characterization and Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oil from Aniba duckei Kostermans against Aedes aegypti","authors":"Ijlssr Journal, R. D. M. Teles, V. E. M. Filho, A. G. D. Souza","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aedes aegypti mosquito is the major vector of zika, chikungunya, and dengue fever. These diseases incidence has been growing rapidly in many points of the globe in the past few years. And because there’s no vaccine for them yet, the best way to fight those diseases is to attack their vector, specially by eliminating potential sites for its oviposition and larvae growth. Nowadays, organophosphorus insecticides are used in increasing doses, which targets Aedes aegypti resistant populations. Aniba duckei Kostermans, which is known as rosewood and belongs to the Lauraceae family, is a species with trees up to 30 meters tall and 1 meter in trunk diameter. It’s essential oil is used in perfumery due to its high content of linalool. This research identified the components of essential oil from Aniba duckei Kostermans thin branches and leaves and then applied it as larvicide against Aedes aegypti, and its effects were measured by calculation of concentration at which half larvae die (LC50). Average yield found for oil by plant was 1.93% by mass. The major component in rosewood essential oil is linalool, whose concentration was found 89.34% by mass. LC50 for the essential oil was 250.61 (±2.20) μg mL -1 , for l-linalool, 279.89 (±2.12) μg mL -1 , and for dl-linalool was 346.73 (±2.14) μg mL -1 . Key-wordsEssential oil, Aniba duckei Kostermans, Linalool, Aedes aegypti, Larvicide INTRODUCTION The world has experienced a dengue incidence increase in the last 50 years. Recent studies estimate about 395 million cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever in 100 countries, of which 500 thousand are classified as dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome (DHF / DSS) [1] . Disease is caused by four serotypes of dengue virus, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV4 [2] . This is the most important arbovirosis worldwide with about 50 million infections per year [3] , and it can be asymptomatic or manifest many symptoms, from self-limited febrile illness to severe forms that may lead to death [4] . In terms of morbidity and mortality, dengue is nowadays considered the most important viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, constituting a serious public health problem of urban centers from South & Central America, Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83535807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.10
C. Singh, B. Ansari
Aquatic organisms have been considered to concentrate metals several times greater than environmental levels. Fishes have been used for many decades to evaluate the pollution status of water and thus considered as excellent biological indicator of heavy metals in aquatic environments. Heavy metals are natural tress components of the aquatic environment, but their levels have increased due to domestic, industrial, mining and agricultural activities. These heavy metals when accumulated in the fish tissues, they damage and weaken the mechanisms concerned leading to physiological, pathological and biochemical changes. The lead is non essential element while cobalt is an essential element for living organisms but its presence in fresh water in higher concentration are toxic to organism’s brain, liver, ovary, kidney and gills of the fish. The present study was aimed to investigate the changes due to two heavy metals (lead & cobalt) on the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, Catalase (CAT), Reduced glutathione (GSH), and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the brain of Danio rerio during 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of exposure period. For this study adult fishes were exposed to four different concentrations viz., 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/l of cobalt and 5, 9, 13, and 17 mg/l of lead. Key-wordsZebrafish, Lead, Cobalt, Catalase, LPO, Glutathione, Heavy metals INTRODUCTION Heavy metals are produced from a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources [1] . In aquatic environments, heavy metal pollution results from direct atmospheric deposition, geologic weathering or through the discharge of agricultural, municipal, residential or industrial waste products, also via wastewater treatment plants [2-4] . The contamination of heavy metals and metalloids in water and sediment, when occurring in higher concentrations, is a serious threat because of their toxicity, long persistence, and bioaccumulation and bio magnification in the food chain [5] . Generally, metals can be categorized as biologically essential and non-essential. The nonessential metals for example, aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) have no proven biological function also called xenobiotics or foreign elements and their toxicity rises with increasing concentrations [6] . Essential metals for example, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), Molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe) on the other hand, have Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.ijlssr.com DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.6.10 known important biological roles [7] , and toxicity occurs either at metabolic deficiencies or at high concentrations [8] . The deficiency of an essential metal can therefore cause an adverse health effect, whereas its high concentration can also result in negative impacts which are equivalent to or worse than those caused by non-essential metals [9] . The river system may be extremely contaminated with heavy metals released from domestic, industrial, mining and agricul
{"title":"Biochemical Markers of Oxidative Stress in Brain of Zebrafish Danio rerio Exposed to Different Heavy Metals Lead and Cobalt","authors":"C. Singh, B. Ansari","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.10","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic organisms have been considered to concentrate metals several times greater than environmental levels. Fishes have been used for many decades to evaluate the pollution status of water and thus considered as excellent biological indicator of heavy metals in aquatic environments. Heavy metals are natural tress components of the aquatic environment, but their levels have increased due to domestic, industrial, mining and agricultural activities. These heavy metals when accumulated in the fish tissues, they damage and weaken the mechanisms concerned leading to physiological, pathological and biochemical changes. The lead is non essential element while cobalt is an essential element for living organisms but its presence in fresh water in higher concentration are toxic to organism’s brain, liver, ovary, kidney and gills of the fish. The present study was aimed to investigate the changes due to two heavy metals (lead & cobalt) on the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, Catalase (CAT), Reduced glutathione (GSH), and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the brain of Danio rerio during 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of exposure period. For this study adult fishes were exposed to four different concentrations viz., 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/l of cobalt and 5, 9, 13, and 17 mg/l of lead. Key-wordsZebrafish, Lead, Cobalt, Catalase, LPO, Glutathione, Heavy metals INTRODUCTION Heavy metals are produced from a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources [1] . In aquatic environments, heavy metal pollution results from direct atmospheric deposition, geologic weathering or through the discharge of agricultural, municipal, residential or industrial waste products, also via wastewater treatment plants [2-4] . The contamination of heavy metals and metalloids in water and sediment, when occurring in higher concentrations, is a serious threat because of their toxicity, long persistence, and bioaccumulation and bio magnification in the food chain [5] . Generally, metals can be categorized as biologically essential and non-essential. The nonessential metals for example, aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) have no proven biological function also called xenobiotics or foreign elements and their toxicity rises with increasing concentrations [6] . Essential metals for example, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), Molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe) on the other hand, have Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.ijlssr.com DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.6.10 known important biological roles [7] , and toxicity occurs either at metabolic deficiencies or at high concentrations [8] . The deficiency of an essential metal can therefore cause an adverse health effect, whereas its high concentration can also result in negative impacts which are equivalent to or worse than those caused by non-essential metals [9] . The river system may be extremely contaminated with heavy metals released from domestic, industrial, mining and agricul","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91186833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.3
M. Rao, Y. Acharya, S. JitenderKumarNaik, Samir Fatteh, Amin Fateh, Anusha C. Pawar, G. Jayalakshmi, B. Sandhya, A. Sireeshabala
An experimental study was performed with viviparous animal Heterometrous fulvipes to access the cumulative effect of chronic heavy metals exposure on the activity levels of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Chronic heavy metal exposure resulted in variation in the enzymes levels with increase in AST and decreases in ALT, contributed to the stress induced by the heavy metals. These changes in enzymatic activity of the maternal and embryonic tissue of H. fulvipes under the influence of heavy metal, mercury and lead is suggestive of the specific impact of mercury and lead on the enzymatic pathway, prompting a further study to consolidate the finding in human study. It is pertinent that the heavy metal toxicity be well documented and appropriate precaution taken in mother and fetus to decrease its detrimental effects. Key-wordsHeavy Metals, Animal models, Hepatic Enzymes, Viviparous INTRODUCTION Heavy metals are believed to exert their influence on the activity of the enzymes playing a vital role in the biochemical transactions of a living system. Embryonic development is characterized by growth and formation of new tissues. The alterations in the activity of enzymes and/or embryonic tissues would invariably influence the developmental processes in viviparous animals as embryonic nourishment is provided by the maternal sources. Shift in the metabolism of either the maternal tissues or the embryos owing to changes in the enzyme activity influenced by heavy metals can be reflected in the form of deviations from the normal development. The metabolic levels of the embryo can, therefore, be expected to be different from those of the maternal animal. The metabolic state of the embryo relative to that of the mother would be reflected even at the molecular level in the enzymatic activity. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:
{"title":"Effect of Heavy Metals on the Activity Levels of Hepatic Enzymes in the Maternal and Embryonic Tissues of Viviparous Scorpion (H. fulvipes)","authors":"M. Rao, Y. Acharya, S. JitenderKumarNaik, Samir Fatteh, Amin Fateh, Anusha C. Pawar, G. Jayalakshmi, B. Sandhya, A. Sireeshabala","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.3","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study was performed with viviparous animal Heterometrous fulvipes to access the cumulative effect of chronic heavy metals exposure on the activity levels of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Chronic heavy metal exposure resulted in variation in the enzymes levels with increase in AST and decreases in ALT, contributed to the stress induced by the heavy metals. These changes in enzymatic activity of the maternal and embryonic tissue of H. fulvipes under the influence of heavy metal, mercury and lead is suggestive of the specific impact of mercury and lead on the enzymatic pathway, prompting a further study to consolidate the finding in human study. It is pertinent that the heavy metal toxicity be well documented and appropriate precaution taken in mother and fetus to decrease its detrimental effects. Key-wordsHeavy Metals, Animal models, Hepatic Enzymes, Viviparous INTRODUCTION Heavy metals are believed to exert their influence on the activity of the enzymes playing a vital role in the biochemical transactions of a living system. Embryonic development is characterized by growth and formation of new tissues. The alterations in the activity of enzymes and/or embryonic tissues would invariably influence the developmental processes in viviparous animals as embryonic nourishment is provided by the maternal sources. Shift in the metabolism of either the maternal tissues or the embryos owing to changes in the enzyme activity influenced by heavy metals can be reflected in the form of deviations from the normal development. The metabolic levels of the embryo can, therefore, be expected to be different from those of the maternal animal. The metabolic state of the embryo relative to that of the mother would be reflected even at the molecular level in the enzymatic activity. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82712398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.1
Dr. S. S. Patole
The present review deals on major Coleopteran beetles of agricultural crop pests include 45 genera and 55 species from 15 families. Most of beetles are pest of cereals and millets (3), oil seed crops (2), fibre crops (4), vegetables (11), temperate fruits (7), sub-tropical and tropical fruits (9), ornamental plants (2), plantation crop (8), spices (4) and stored grains (5). Among families; Curculionidae was dominated by 12 (21.8 %) species followed by Chrysomelidae 10(18.18 %), Cerambycidae 9(16.3 %), Scarabaeridae 6(10.9 %), Coccinellidae 3(5.4 %), Apionidae, Bostrychidae, Brachidae, Buprestidae and Scolytidae each with two species (3.6 %). Whereas families like Dermestidae, Lamiidae, Meloidae, Melonithidae and Tenebrionidae contribute each with single species (1.8 %). Key-wordsColeopteran beetle, Cereals, Spices, Stored grains, temperate fruits. INTRODUCTION The coleopterans include more species than any other order, constituting almost 25 % of all known types of animal life forms [1] . About 4, 50,000 species of beetles occurs representing about 40 % of all known insects [2] . Such a large number of species poses special problems for classification. Among them, about 75 % of beetle species are polyphagous in both larval and adult stages, and live in or on plants, wood as well as a variety of stored products [3-4]. Because many of these plants are important for agriculture, forestry and the household, beetles can be considered pest and some of them cause significant damage, particularly direct and indirect losses [5] . There are several studies on different families of coleopteran by different research workers [6-7] . The pest problems originated with the origin of agriculture. As soon as the land was cleared of natural vegetation and replaced by a single species of food plant, human came into conflict with phytophagous insect [8-9] . It was reported that the insect pest problems in agriculture are probably as old as agriculture itself [10] . However, rapidly increasing population during the last century has necessitated intensification of agriculture through expansion of irrigation facilities, introduction of high yielding varieties (HYVs) and application of increased amount of agrochemicals increased the production of land with a concomitant increase in the production lost to insect pest [11-12] . Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:
{"title":"Review on Beetles (Coleopteran): An Agricultural Major Crop Pests of the World","authors":"Dr. S. S. Patole","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"The present review deals on major Coleopteran beetles of agricultural crop pests include 45 genera and 55 species from 15 families. Most of beetles are pest of cereals and millets (3), oil seed crops (2), fibre crops (4), vegetables (11), temperate fruits (7), sub-tropical and tropical fruits (9), ornamental plants (2), plantation crop (8), spices (4) and stored grains (5). Among families; Curculionidae was dominated by 12 (21.8 %) species followed by Chrysomelidae 10(18.18 %), Cerambycidae 9(16.3 %), Scarabaeridae 6(10.9 %), Coccinellidae 3(5.4 %), Apionidae, Bostrychidae, Brachidae, Buprestidae and Scolytidae each with two species (3.6 %). Whereas families like Dermestidae, Lamiidae, Meloidae, Melonithidae and Tenebrionidae contribute each with single species (1.8 %). Key-wordsColeopteran beetle, Cereals, Spices, Stored grains, temperate fruits. INTRODUCTION The coleopterans include more species than any other order, constituting almost 25 % of all known types of animal life forms [1] . About 4, 50,000 species of beetles occurs representing about 40 % of all known insects [2] . Such a large number of species poses special problems for classification. Among them, about 75 % of beetle species are polyphagous in both larval and adult stages, and live in or on plants, wood as well as a variety of stored products [3-4]. Because many of these plants are important for agriculture, forestry and the household, beetles can be considered pest and some of them cause significant damage, particularly direct and indirect losses [5] . There are several studies on different families of coleopteran by different research workers [6-7] . The pest problems originated with the origin of agriculture. As soon as the land was cleared of natural vegetation and replaced by a single species of food plant, human came into conflict with phytophagous insect [8-9] . It was reported that the insect pest problems in agriculture are probably as old as agriculture itself [10] . However, rapidly increasing population during the last century has necessitated intensification of agriculture through expansion of irrigation facilities, introduction of high yielding varieties (HYVs) and application of increased amount of agrochemicals increased the production of land with a concomitant increase in the production lost to insect pest [11-12] . Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90773657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.8
Md. Samiul Islam, R. Sultana, Md. Amit Hasan, Md Abu Horaira, Md. Azizul Islam
{"title":"Prevalence of Tuberculosis: Present Status and Overview of Its Control System in Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Samiul Islam, R. Sultana, Md. Amit Hasan, Md Abu Horaira, Md. Azizul Islam","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89063885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.6
Kalpana V Jaiswal, Kavita M. Jaiswal, K. J. Jaiswal, Jagdish Jaiswal
Background: Transcendental Meditation (TM) promotes a state of relaxation. It has been reported in vedic literature that practicing TM during pregnancy has health benefits .There is a paucity of data regarding use to TM by pregnant women. Objective: The aim was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward TM among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study conducted in 100 antenatal women attending private nursing homes for their antenatal care. Results: Among the respondents, 32% were aware of TM and 22% practiced it during their current pregnancy, 15% practised it under a TM instructor. The time schedule followed by respondents was as follows, 15 women practised it for 20 min a day, 3 practised for 10 min a day, rest didn’t follow the schedule. Thirty percent respondents felt that TM was based on scientific evidence, while 25% felt it was safer than other relaxation techniques that is significantly more in women educated up-to or more than 12 th std. Twenty-five percent opined that TM is more efficacious than other relaxation techniques which is significantly more in working women. Relaxation of body and mind, easy to practice, were the most common advantages of practising TM during pregnancy. The main source of information about TM was internet and social media. Conclusion: Awareness about TM is less and so is the practice in the pregnant women. The importance of practising TM during pregnancy needs to be addressed. This will help the mothers to have healthy pregnancy and out-come. Key-wordsRelaxation techniques, Antenatal women, Questionnaire based study, Transcendental Meditation (TM) INTRODUCTION Ayurveda (Science of Life) is the comprehensive, natural health care system that originated in the ancient Vedic times of India [1] . According to Vedic science the true purpose of meditation is to connect oneself to one’s deep inner self. Techniques which achieve that goal serve the true purpose of meditation. According to Ayurveda the human body constitutes of three components, with their associated functions: Physical bodySthula sarira-gross body Inner facultyThe Inner faculty is the working consciousness, which is constantly changing and consists of: Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:
{"title":"Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Transcendental Meditation in Pregnant Women","authors":"Kalpana V Jaiswal, Kavita M. Jaiswal, K. J. Jaiswal, Jagdish Jaiswal","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Transcendental Meditation (TM) promotes a state of relaxation. It has been reported in vedic literature that practicing TM during pregnancy has health benefits .There is a paucity of data regarding use to TM by pregnant women. Objective: The aim was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward TM among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study conducted in 100 antenatal women attending private nursing homes for their antenatal care. Results: Among the respondents, 32% were aware of TM and 22% practiced it during their current pregnancy, 15% practised it under a TM instructor. The time schedule followed by respondents was as follows, 15 women practised it for 20 min a day, 3 practised for 10 min a day, rest didn’t follow the schedule. Thirty percent respondents felt that TM was based on scientific evidence, while 25% felt it was safer than other relaxation techniques that is significantly more in women educated up-to or more than 12 th std. Twenty-five percent opined that TM is more efficacious than other relaxation techniques which is significantly more in working women. Relaxation of body and mind, easy to practice, were the most common advantages of practising TM during pregnancy. The main source of information about TM was internet and social media. Conclusion: Awareness about TM is less and so is the practice in the pregnant women. The importance of practising TM during pregnancy needs to be addressed. This will help the mothers to have healthy pregnancy and out-come. Key-wordsRelaxation techniques, Antenatal women, Questionnaire based study, Transcendental Meditation (TM) INTRODUCTION Ayurveda (Science of Life) is the comprehensive, natural health care system that originated in the ancient Vedic times of India [1] . According to Vedic science the true purpose of meditation is to connect oneself to one’s deep inner self. Techniques which achieve that goal serve the true purpose of meditation. According to Ayurveda the human body constitutes of three components, with their associated functions: Physical bodySthula sarira-gross body Inner facultyThe Inner faculty is the working consciousness, which is constantly changing and consists of: Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86415128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.15
Ashwini G. Darokar, R. Patil, Amol Patel, M. Nivetha
Background: Women of all races and ethnicities are at risk of cervical cancer. India, around 0.95 million new cases are detected yearly with high burden of 0.63 million. India bears about one fifth of the world’s burden of cervical cancer. Although fatality is high but cancers are largely preventable by effective screening programmes. Design: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted among female students studying in degree colleges from Feb. 2013 to Sept. 2013. Intervention: Educational intervention was conducted through sessions of participatory learning approach which included lectures using power-point, chalk and talk and question-answers method. Data was collected twice by administering predesigned questionnaire and conducting focus group discussion. Data Analysis: Data entered and analyzed using Epi Info 2000. To analyze qualitative information Atlas ti software was used. Paired t-test was used to measure the effect of intervention. Results: Total 149 students were the part of the study and successfully followed. Mean age of the participant was 18.5 years. Out of the 149 participants 4.1% had family history of the cancer. In the study it was observed that 18.8% had not ever heard about the cancer. In the post intervention test significant improvement was seen in all three parameters viz knowledge, attitude and practices. Conclusion: Continuing Educational interventions should be started at all level which highlights the importance of screening and prevention of cancer in women. Key-wordsCervical Cancer, Women, Perception Barriers, Effectiveness INTRODUCTION Cancer is leading cause of mortality among adults with new cases are increasing all over the world. It is expected by 2020 the world population will increase to 7.5 billion; of this, approximately 15 million new cancer cases will be diagnosed and 12 million cancer patients will die. [1] Women of all races and ethnicities are at risk of cervical cancer. In India yearly around 0.95 million new cases are detected with 0.63 million deaths. cervical cancer accounts for 8.5% deaths yearly and most of which occur in developing countries. Cervical cancer is the single largest killer of middle-aged women in India. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.ijlssr.com DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.6.15 India bears about one fifth of the world’s burden of cervical cancer. [2-3] Although fatality is high but cancers are largely preventable by effective screening programmes. [4] Papanicolaou smears (Pap test) provide a simple, basic and inexpensive technique for detection of early cancerous and precancerous lesion in otherwise asymptomatic women. [18] Decision to participate in such cancer screening programs depends upon the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about the disease and the screening tests. A study done in Kolkata among female students reflected low level of knowledge of cervical cancer and its risk factors and only 11% and 15% were aware of Pap smear and HPV respecti
{"title":"An Assessment of Awareness, Barriers in Perception of Cervical Cancer and Effect Estimation of Educational Intervention Programme in Females","authors":"Ashwini G. Darokar, R. Patil, Amol Patel, M. Nivetha","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Women of all races and ethnicities are at risk of cervical cancer. India, around 0.95 million new cases are detected yearly with high burden of 0.63 million. India bears about one fifth of the world’s burden of cervical cancer. Although fatality is high but cancers are largely preventable by effective screening programmes. Design: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted among female students studying in degree colleges from Feb. 2013 to Sept. 2013. Intervention: Educational intervention was conducted through sessions of participatory learning approach which included lectures using power-point, chalk and talk and question-answers method. Data was collected twice by administering predesigned questionnaire and conducting focus group discussion. Data Analysis: Data entered and analyzed using Epi Info 2000. To analyze qualitative information Atlas ti software was used. Paired t-test was used to measure the effect of intervention. Results: Total 149 students were the part of the study and successfully followed. Mean age of the participant was 18.5 years. Out of the 149 participants 4.1% had family history of the cancer. In the study it was observed that 18.8% had not ever heard about the cancer. In the post intervention test significant improvement was seen in all three parameters viz knowledge, attitude and practices. Conclusion: Continuing Educational interventions should be started at all level which highlights the importance of screening and prevention of cancer in women. Key-wordsCervical Cancer, Women, Perception Barriers, Effectiveness INTRODUCTION Cancer is leading cause of mortality among adults with new cases are increasing all over the world. It is expected by 2020 the world population will increase to 7.5 billion; of this, approximately 15 million new cancer cases will be diagnosed and 12 million cancer patients will die. [1] Women of all races and ethnicities are at risk of cervical cancer. In India yearly around 0.95 million new cases are detected with 0.63 million deaths. cervical cancer accounts for 8.5% deaths yearly and most of which occur in developing countries. Cervical cancer is the single largest killer of middle-aged women in India. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website: www.ijlssr.com DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.6.15 India bears about one fifth of the world’s burden of cervical cancer. [2-3] Although fatality is high but cancers are largely preventable by effective screening programmes. [4] Papanicolaou smears (Pap test) provide a simple, basic and inexpensive technique for detection of early cancerous and precancerous lesion in otherwise asymptomatic women. [18] Decision to participate in such cancer screening programs depends upon the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about the disease and the screening tests. A study done in Kolkata among female students reflected low level of knowledge of cervical cancer and its risk factors and only 11% and 15% were aware of Pap smear and HPV respecti","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90668600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.7
S. Ramu, R. Sinha
Thrombocytosis has been reported in association with ovarian tumors and is often a poor prognostic factor. The present study aims to study the incidence of pre-operative thrombocytosis in epithelial ovarian tumors and to correlate it with anemia, serum CA-125 levels, presence or ascites, FIGO staging and tumor histology. Total 160 cases of resected specimens of surface epithelial ovarian tumors (SEOT) received in department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore were studied. The preoperative platelet count, haemoglobin levels and serum CA-125 levels were collected. The presence and degree of ascites was assessed. International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (FIGO) staging was done. The incidence of thrombocytosis and its correlation with the presence of anaemia, elevated CA-125 levels, FIGO stage and presence and degree of ascites among malignant cases were statistically analysed. The incidence of pre-operative thrombocytosis was noted more in malignant SEOTs 80% (40/160). The mean pre-operative platelet count in the present study was 321X10 9 /L. It was more prevalent in serous epithelial ovarian tumors (83.3%) and these findings were statistically significant (p=0.0001). There was a statistically significant association of pre-operative thrombocytosis with the presence and degree of ascites and advanced FIGO staging (p=0.0001). Pre-operative thrombocytosis is a frequent finding in malignant SEOTs and is associated with other prognostic markers. This implies that thrombocytosis is probably a marker of tumor aggressiveness, and that platelet may have a role in cancer growth and progression. Thus, presence of pre-operative thrombocytosis has significance as a poor prognosticator in epithelial ovarian tumors. Key-wordsThrombocytosis, Surface Epithelial Ovarian Tumors (SEOT), CA 125, FIGO staging INTRODUCTION Thrombocytosis refers to platelet count above the normal value (>400x10 9 /L). Thrombocytosis can be primary or secondary. Malignancy is one of the most important causes of secondary thrombocytosis. [1-2] The association between thrombocytosis and malignancies is known. [3] Thrombocytosis has been reported in variety of neoplastic diseases including Hodgkin lymphoma, sarcoma and several solid tumors such as lung, renal, gastric, breast, pancreatic, colonic, and gynecological malignancies. [4-8] In ovarian cancer thrombocytosis is a poor prognostic factor in locally advanced disease. [9-10] Chalas et al. [11] found thrombocytosis in 56% of the reviewed cases of epithelial ovarian malignancies. The etiology of neoplastic megakaryopoiesis remains unclear, it might be related to increased platelet production are due to certain cytokines (IL-6, IL-1) and growth factors released by malignant cells. [7] Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:
{"title":"Significance of Thrombocytosis in Epithelial Ovarian Tumors","authors":"S. Ramu, R. Sinha","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.7","url":null,"abstract":"Thrombocytosis has been reported in association with ovarian tumors and is often a poor prognostic factor. The present study aims to study the incidence of pre-operative thrombocytosis in epithelial ovarian tumors and to correlate it with anemia, serum CA-125 levels, presence or ascites, FIGO staging and tumor histology. Total 160 cases of resected specimens of surface epithelial ovarian tumors (SEOT) received in department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore were studied. The preoperative platelet count, haemoglobin levels and serum CA-125 levels were collected. The presence and degree of ascites was assessed. International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (FIGO) staging was done. The incidence of thrombocytosis and its correlation with the presence of anaemia, elevated CA-125 levels, FIGO stage and presence and degree of ascites among malignant cases were statistically analysed. The incidence of pre-operative thrombocytosis was noted more in malignant SEOTs 80% (40/160). The mean pre-operative platelet count in the present study was 321X10 9 /L. It was more prevalent in serous epithelial ovarian tumors (83.3%) and these findings were statistically significant (p=0.0001). There was a statistically significant association of pre-operative thrombocytosis with the presence and degree of ascites and advanced FIGO staging (p=0.0001). Pre-operative thrombocytosis is a frequent finding in malignant SEOTs and is associated with other prognostic markers. This implies that thrombocytosis is probably a marker of tumor aggressiveness, and that platelet may have a role in cancer growth and progression. Thus, presence of pre-operative thrombocytosis has significance as a poor prognosticator in epithelial ovarian tumors. Key-wordsThrombocytosis, Surface Epithelial Ovarian Tumors (SEOT), CA 125, FIGO staging INTRODUCTION Thrombocytosis refers to platelet count above the normal value (>400x10 9 /L). Thrombocytosis can be primary or secondary. Malignancy is one of the most important causes of secondary thrombocytosis. [1-2] The association between thrombocytosis and malignancies is known. [3] Thrombocytosis has been reported in variety of neoplastic diseases including Hodgkin lymphoma, sarcoma and several solid tumors such as lung, renal, gastric, breast, pancreatic, colonic, and gynecological malignancies. [4-8] In ovarian cancer thrombocytosis is a poor prognostic factor in locally advanced disease. [9-10] Chalas et al. [11] found thrombocytosis in 56% of the reviewed cases of epithelial ovarian malignancies. The etiology of neoplastic megakaryopoiesis remains unclear, it might be related to increased platelet production are due to certain cytokines (IL-6, IL-1) and growth factors released by malignant cells. [7] Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75322571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.16
Manjunath B.T, Jayarama Reddy
To develop the usefulness of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Catharanthus roseus plants as bioindicators, which entail an utmost importance for a particular situation. This study focuses on the assessment of air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of two selected plant species commonly found along roadsides in Bengaluru, India. The plant species selected for the study were Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Catharanthus roseus. The plants were evaluated in terms of APTI by analyzing four different biochemical parameters: Leaf relative water content (RWC), Ascorbic acid content (AA), Total leaf chlorophyll (TCh), and pH of leaf extract. Based on APTI Caesalpinia pulcherrima was found to be more tolerant compared to Catharanthus roseus. Species with lower APTI value are considered sensitive species, which can be used as a biological indicator for further monitoring of air quality. Species with higher APTI value are tolerant species and thus, can be planted for pollution abatement in order to control and reduce environmental pollution. Key-wordsAir pollution tolerance index (APTI), biochemical parameters, roadside plants, Biomonitors INTRODUCTION Air Pollution can be simply defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical and biological properties of air due to anthropogenic or any other cause. An air pollutant is a substance in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. Air pollution is a serious problem throughout the world. Rapid industrialization and vehicular traffic especially in the urban areas of India lead to the deterioration of air quality by adding toxic gases and other substances to the atmosphere. All combustion releases gases and particulate matter into the air, which includes SO2, NO2, CO and soot particles as well as smaller quantities of toxic metals, organic molecules, and radioactive isotopes etc. The degradation of air quality is the major environmental problem that affects many urban and industrial sites and the surrounding regions worldwide. Although various efforts have been done for environmental restoration in India still it seems to be a formidable task. A pollutant can be of natural origin or manmade. Air Pollution results in huge harm to the living organisms. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:
{"title":"Assessment for Variation of Air Pollution Tolerance Index of Selected Plants in Bengaluru Urban","authors":"Manjunath B.T, Jayarama Reddy","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.16","url":null,"abstract":"To develop the usefulness of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Catharanthus roseus plants as bioindicators, which entail an utmost importance for a particular situation. This study focuses on the assessment of air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of two selected plant species commonly found along roadsides in Bengaluru, India. The plant species selected for the study were Caesalpinia pulcherrima and Catharanthus roseus. The plants were evaluated in terms of APTI by analyzing four different biochemical parameters: Leaf relative water content (RWC), Ascorbic acid content (AA), Total leaf chlorophyll (TCh), and pH of leaf extract. Based on APTI Caesalpinia pulcherrima was found to be more tolerant compared to Catharanthus roseus. Species with lower APTI value are considered sensitive species, which can be used as a biological indicator for further monitoring of air quality. Species with higher APTI value are tolerant species and thus, can be planted for pollution abatement in order to control and reduce environmental pollution. Key-wordsAir pollution tolerance index (APTI), biochemical parameters, roadside plants, Biomonitors INTRODUCTION Air Pollution can be simply defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical and biological properties of air due to anthropogenic or any other cause. An air pollutant is a substance in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. Air pollution is a serious problem throughout the world. Rapid industrialization and vehicular traffic especially in the urban areas of India lead to the deterioration of air quality by adding toxic gases and other substances to the atmosphere. All combustion releases gases and particulate matter into the air, which includes SO2, NO2, CO and soot particles as well as smaller quantities of toxic metals, organic molecules, and radioactive isotopes etc. The degradation of air quality is the major environmental problem that affects many urban and industrial sites and the surrounding regions worldwide. Although various efforts have been done for environmental restoration in India still it seems to be a formidable task. A pollutant can be of natural origin or manmade. Air Pollution results in huge harm to the living organisms. Access this article online Quick Response Code Website:","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75402798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-01DOI: 10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.4
Vandana Singh, Ramesh Kumar
{"title":"Study of Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Allium sativum of Bundelkhand Region","authors":"Vandana Singh, Ramesh Kumar","doi":"10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/IJLSSR.2017.3.6.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22509,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75415565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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