Pub Date : 2017-05-11DOI: 10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0016
Md. Simul Bhuyan, M. Islam
Rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization in Bangladesh has been coupled with increasing environmental pollution. The coastal and estuarine ecosystems of the country are now facing increasing pollution pressures because of the elevated level of waste discharges from various sources. Major sources of pollution include domestic sewage, industrial waste, commercial waste, agricultural waste, institutional waste, street sweepings, construction debris, mining activities and sanitation residues etc. In this review, status and effect of solid waste pollution, heavy metal pollution, organochlorine pesticides pollution and oil pollution along with the Karnafully River Estuary is assessed by a comprehensive review, recorded by researchers especially on water, sediment and aquatic biota. Different study show that metal concentrations in estuarine water relatively higher due to rapid acceleration of industrial sector. Metal concentrations is higher in fish than water and sediment. Elevated level of trace metals is highly detrimental for fish and human mechanism shown by different studies. Oil pollution is responsible for environmental deterioration due to its adverse effects on estuarine biota, fish and shellfishes, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Industrialization is needed for the development of the country. But it should be eco-friendly for the effective and sustainable development and for the protection of the environment (aquatic).
{"title":"Status and Impacts of Industrial Pollution on the Karnafully River in Bangladesh: A Review","authors":"Md. Simul Bhuyan, M. Islam","doi":"10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization in Bangladesh has been coupled with increasing environmental pollution. The coastal and estuarine ecosystems of the country are now facing increasing pollution pressures because of the elevated level of waste discharges from various sources. Major sources of pollution include domestic sewage, industrial waste, commercial waste, agricultural waste, institutional waste, street sweepings, construction debris, mining activities and sanitation residues etc. In this review, status and effect of solid waste pollution, heavy metal pollution, organochlorine pesticides pollution and oil pollution along with the Karnafully River Estuary is assessed by a comprehensive review, recorded by researchers especially on water, sediment and aquatic biota. Different study show that metal concentrations in estuarine water relatively higher due to rapid acceleration of industrial sector. Metal concentrations is higher in fish than water and sediment. Elevated level of trace metals is highly detrimental for fish and human mechanism shown by different studies. Oil pollution is responsible for environmental deterioration due to its adverse effects on estuarine biota, fish and shellfishes, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Industrialization is needed for the development of the country. But it should be eco-friendly for the effective and sustainable development and for the protection of the environment (aquatic).","PeriodicalId":22529,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of marine science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87465637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-10DOI: 10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0015
N. Soliman, Dalia M. M. Yacout, M. Hassaan
Aquaculture expanded around 8.6% per year during the period 1980–2012. It is the greatest growing food producing sector. The intensification of fish production from aquaculture has made its demand for fishmeal from small pelagic fishes as an increasingly important issue. Recognizing the vulnerability of small pelagic fishes to challenges of climate changes is serious. It will have consequent challenges in terms of ensuring economically, socially and environmentally responsible fishmeal production practices. The possibility of replacing fishmeal with nutritionally comparable feedstuffs would diminish stress on prices of feed inputs resulting from captured fisheries. Diverse types of alternative (plant, animal, fishery by-products and novel foods) protein sources have been experienced in a variety of aquaculture feeds. This review aims to appraise the different kinds of fishmeal alternatives and the most proper substituent in fish diets. The paper in hand proposed that some of the described fishmeal alternatives could leads to a considerable drop in small pelagic fishes utilization, but still they might be more cost-effective than fishmeal. Studies should take into account both economic and biological assessment of dietary protein sources as fishmeal substituents. On the other hand, the environmental impacts of such alternatives should be evaluated in order to guarantee sustainability of fish feed industry.
{"title":"Responsible Fishmeal Consumption and Alternatives in the Face of Climate Changes","authors":"N. Soliman, Dalia M. M. Yacout, M. Hassaan","doi":"10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture expanded around 8.6% per year during the period 1980–2012. It is the greatest growing food producing sector. The intensification of fish production from aquaculture has made its demand for fishmeal from small pelagic fishes as an increasingly important issue. Recognizing the vulnerability of small pelagic fishes to challenges of climate changes is serious. It will have consequent challenges in terms of ensuring economically, socially and environmentally responsible fishmeal production practices. The possibility of replacing fishmeal with nutritionally comparable feedstuffs would diminish stress on prices of feed inputs resulting from captured fisheries. Diverse types of alternative (plant, animal, fishery by-products and novel foods) protein sources have been experienced in a variety of aquaculture feeds. This review aims to appraise the different kinds of fishmeal alternatives and the most proper substituent in fish diets. The paper in hand proposed that some of the described fishmeal alternatives could leads to a considerable drop in small pelagic fishes utilization, but still they might be more cost-effective than fishmeal. Studies should take into account both economic and biological assessment of dietary protein sources as fishmeal substituents. On the other hand, the environmental impacts of such alternatives should be evaluated in order to guarantee sustainability of fish feed industry.","PeriodicalId":22529,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of marine science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84037386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of crude extracts of Cellana radiata collected from Visakhapatnam coast, Andhra Pradesh. The whole animal extracts from methanol and ethyl acetate were obtained by both dry and wet methods and tested for their activity against three pathogenic bacteria i.e . Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio harveyi . The extracts obtained from methanol (wet), ethyl acetate (dry) and ethyl acetate (wet) showed inhibition zones of 12 mm, 13 mm and 18 mm respectively against V. harveyi .
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of the Crude Extract of a Gastropod Cellana radiata (Born, 1778) from the Visakhapatnam Coast, Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"Sunil Kumar Duddu, Teja Gurugubelli, Krishna Geetha Gandham, Amarnath Dogiparti","doi":"10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of crude extracts of Cellana radiata collected from Visakhapatnam coast, Andhra Pradesh. The whole animal extracts from methanol and ethyl acetate were obtained by both dry and wet methods and tested for their activity against three pathogenic bacteria i.e . Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio harveyi . The extracts obtained from methanol (wet), ethyl acetate (dry) and ethyl acetate (wet) showed inhibition zones of 12 mm, 13 mm and 18 mm respectively against V. harveyi .","PeriodicalId":22529,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of marine science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90315893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-04DOI: 10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0013
M. El-Metwally, Ahmed S. Abouhend, M. Dar, K. El-Moselhy
The total concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni and Co) were determined in surface sediments from the coastal area of the Red Sea in four cities (Ras-Gharib, Hurghada, Safaga, and Qusier). In all sediment samples, the mean concentration ranges in (µg/g) of the studied metals were 11.2-145.3, 14.2-225.5, 18.5-90.8, 1.4-5.6, 1373-31,089, 72.5-758.5, 15.3-65.7 and 10.2-26.3, respectively. The effects of population pressure and different activities on metal contamination were evaluated, and metals were grouped according to sources of contamination using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Maritime activities in Hurghada showed highest risk of contamination with Cu, Zn and Pb, while the sediments of Safaga City showed highest contaminated with Fe and Mn. The sediments quality and ecological risk of heavy metals were assessed relating to the sediments background levels of metals and calculating contamination factor (CF), metal pollution load index (MPI), enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (I geo ). Average values of EF showed that Pb and Cd were highly enriched from anthropogenic contamination. The recorded (I geo ) values of Co and Cd were categorized as moderately polluted, while Pb was strongly effective pollutant in the studied sediments.
{"title":"Effects of Urbanization on the Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Red Sea Coastal Sediments, Egypt","authors":"M. El-Metwally, Ahmed S. Abouhend, M. Dar, K. El-Moselhy","doi":"10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The total concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni and Co) were determined in surface sediments from the coastal area of the Red Sea in four cities (Ras-Gharib, Hurghada, Safaga, and Qusier). In all sediment samples, the mean concentration ranges in (µg/g) of the studied metals were 11.2-145.3, 14.2-225.5, 18.5-90.8, 1.4-5.6, 1373-31,089, 72.5-758.5, 15.3-65.7 and 10.2-26.3, respectively. The effects of population pressure and different activities on metal contamination were evaluated, and metals were grouped according to sources of contamination using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Maritime activities in Hurghada showed highest risk of contamination with Cu, Zn and Pb, while the sediments of Safaga City showed highest contaminated with Fe and Mn. The sediments quality and ecological risk of heavy metals were assessed relating to the sediments background levels of metals and calculating contamination factor (CF), metal pollution load index (MPI), enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (I geo ). Average values of EF showed that Pb and Cd were highly enriched from anthropogenic contamination. The recorded (I geo ) values of Co and Cd were categorized as moderately polluted, while Pb was strongly effective pollutant in the studied sediments.","PeriodicalId":22529,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of marine science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84254934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-03DOI: 10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0012
Abubaker Sharif, S. Islam, Mohidul Islam
Present study was conducted in the lower Meghna River and its Estuary at Chandpur, Barisal, Bhola, Hatiya and Sandwip during monsoon and post-monsoon season. A total of 17 major taxa were identified of which 10 and 15 were recorded during monsoon and post-monsoon season respectively. Macrobenthos abundance was comparatively greater during post-monsoon than monsoon. The water at lower Meghna was slightly acidic in both seasons. Salinity, soil pH and water temperature were found to be responsible for the variations in benthos assemblage (p<0.05). Canonical Corresponding Analysis (CCA) also indicated that most of the macrobenthos had close dependency to salinity, water temperature, soil pH, organic carbon and organic matter both in monsoon and post-monsoon. Benthos diversity (H') did not show much temporal variation (0.92±0.52 and 0.85±0.40 for the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons respectively). The highest macrobenthos diversity (H') was 1.53 at Bhola and the lowest was 0.29 at Chandpur both during the monsoon season. The macrobenthos evenness (J') also showed less variation between seasons (0.64±0.32 and 0.51±0.26 during monsoon and post-monsoon respectively). The maximum evenness value was found at Sandwip (0.95) during the monsoon season whereas the minimum value was at Barisal (0.20) during the post-monsoon.
{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Environmental Variable Affect of the Lower Meghna River & Its Estuary on Macrobenthic Fauna, Bangladesh","authors":"Abubaker Sharif, S. Islam, Mohidul Islam","doi":"10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was conducted in the lower Meghna River and its Estuary at Chandpur, Barisal, Bhola, Hatiya and Sandwip during monsoon and post-monsoon season. A total of 17 major taxa were identified of which 10 and 15 were recorded during monsoon and post-monsoon season respectively. Macrobenthos abundance was comparatively greater during post-monsoon than monsoon. The water at lower Meghna was slightly acidic in both seasons. Salinity, soil pH and water temperature were found to be responsible for the variations in benthos assemblage (p<0.05). Canonical Corresponding Analysis (CCA) also indicated that most of the macrobenthos had close dependency to salinity, water temperature, soil pH, organic carbon and organic matter both in monsoon and post-monsoon. Benthos diversity (H') did not show much temporal variation (0.92±0.52 and 0.85±0.40 for the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons respectively). The highest macrobenthos diversity (H') was 1.53 at Bhola and the lowest was 0.29 at Chandpur both during the monsoon season. The macrobenthos evenness (J') also showed less variation between seasons (0.64±0.32 and 0.51±0.26 during monsoon and post-monsoon respectively). The maximum evenness value was found at Sandwip (0.95) during the monsoon season whereas the minimum value was at Barisal (0.20) during the post-monsoon.","PeriodicalId":22529,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of marine science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86702214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0011
J. Banda, M. Katundu, L. Chiwaula, G. Kanyerere, M. Ngochera, Kingsley M Kamtambe
A comparative analysis of solar tent drying (Samva Nyengo) and open sun drying were evaluated for their effectiveness on quality of Copadichromis virginalis on nutritional content, microbial load and sensory quality. Solar tent dried and open sun dried Copadichromis virginalis contained 62.89±0.05% and 62.73±0.096% of crude protein, 23.24±0.66% and 23.41±0.59% of fat, 7.22±0.021% and 16.31±0.36% of moisture 14.48±1.08% and 21.97±0.36% of ash respectively. Moisture and ash were significant difference (p = 0.001), crude protein and crude fat showed a non-significant difference (p = 0.05). Open sun dried had significantly higher bacteria load (4.1×10 5 CFU/g) (0.001) than solar tent dried fish (2.2×10 2 CFU/g). Isolated bacteria from solar tent dried and open sun dried fish were 1.2×10 1 and 5.0 ×10 3 for Total coliform, 0 and 1.0 × 10 4 for Escherishia coli , 0 and 6.1 × 10 3 for Salmonella , 0 and 3.8 ×10 3 for Shigella , 5.9×10 2 and 5.1×10 4 for Psuedomonas . Panellist had high preference for solar tent dried than open sun dried fish confirmed by scores for overall acceptability which were high at 3.8 and 2.2 respectively. The results reveal a possible application of solar tent drying as a SMART proven and emerging technology for fish processing in Malawi. It has proved that use of solar tent drying would support fish processors to produce quality dried fish with good nutritive value, reduced microbial contamination, and consumer acceptability that will be central to food security of the country.
{"title":"Nutritional, Microbial and Sensory Quality of Solar Tent Dried (Samva Nyengo) and Open Sun Dried Copadichromis virginalis -Utaka (Pisces; Cichlidae)","authors":"J. Banda, M. Katundu, L. Chiwaula, G. Kanyerere, M. Ngochera, Kingsley M Kamtambe","doi":"10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0011","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative analysis of solar tent drying (Samva Nyengo) and open sun drying were evaluated for their effectiveness on quality of Copadichromis virginalis on nutritional content, microbial load and sensory quality. Solar tent dried and open sun dried Copadichromis virginalis contained 62.89±0.05% and 62.73±0.096% of crude protein, 23.24±0.66% and 23.41±0.59% of fat, 7.22±0.021% and 16.31±0.36% of moisture 14.48±1.08% and 21.97±0.36% of ash respectively. Moisture and ash were significant difference (p = 0.001), crude protein and crude fat showed a non-significant difference (p = 0.05). Open sun dried had significantly higher bacteria load (4.1×10 5 CFU/g) (0.001) than solar tent dried fish (2.2×10 2 CFU/g). Isolated bacteria from solar tent dried and open sun dried fish were 1.2×10 1 and 5.0 ×10 3 for Total coliform, 0 and 1.0 × 10 4 for Escherishia coli , 0 and 6.1 × 10 3 for Salmonella , 0 and 3.8 ×10 3 for Shigella , 5.9×10 2 and 5.1×10 4 for Psuedomonas . Panellist had high preference for solar tent dried than open sun dried fish confirmed by scores for overall acceptability which were high at 3.8 and 2.2 respectively. The results reveal a possible application of solar tent drying as a SMART proven and emerging technology for fish processing in Malawi. It has proved that use of solar tent drying would support fish processors to produce quality dried fish with good nutritive value, reduced microbial contamination, and consumer acceptability that will be central to food security of the country.","PeriodicalId":22529,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of marine science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78116971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-21DOI: 10.5376/ijms.2017.07.0010
M. Bannai
On the new investigation of some Trematode fauna of Arabian Gulf fishes, Monascus sp. a digenea parasite of pampus argenteus and Helicometrina nimia of greasy grouper, Epinephelus tauvina are register. Fish specimens were collected during the year 2016. A description of the studied specimens, besides comments concerning its taxonomic status, the morphological characters and measurements of the present material of Monascus sp. The Monascus sp. parasite are described on the present study compared with some measurements of Nine nominal species have been reported in the genus Monascus up to 1993 and showing that similarity with M. filiformis and differ in the size of parasite. The results indicated that the parasites are considered as having new hosts viz, p. argenteus and as new records in the Iraqi marine fishes. In the present study, a new host and a new host locality are presented for the two species. The taxonomic status of members of Helicometrina has been questionable, the validity of diagnostic features, especially in regard to the number of testes. In the present study, specimens presented a permanent and steady number of testes (n=9) and therefore its use as a diagnostic character and is very similar with Linton (1910). Epinephelus tauvina is considered a new host for Helicometrina nimia , and Northwest Arabian Gulf a new locality for the species.
{"title":"The Parasites Monascus sp. (Fellodistomidae) and Helicometrina nimia (Linton, 1910) (Opecoelidae) Digenea of Pampus argenteus and Greasy Grouper Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775) (Teleostei: Serranidae) Fishes, Arabian Gulf, New Host and New Geographical Records","authors":"M. Bannai","doi":"10.5376/ijms.2017.07.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/ijms.2017.07.0010","url":null,"abstract":"On the new investigation of some Trematode fauna of Arabian Gulf fishes, Monascus sp. a digenea parasite of pampus argenteus and Helicometrina nimia of greasy grouper, Epinephelus tauvina are register. Fish specimens were collected during the year 2016. A description of the studied specimens, besides comments concerning its taxonomic status, the morphological characters and measurements of the present material of Monascus sp. The Monascus sp. parasite are described on the present study compared with some measurements of Nine nominal species have been reported in the genus Monascus up to 1993 and showing that similarity with M. filiformis and differ in the size of parasite. The results indicated that the parasites are considered as having new hosts viz, p. argenteus and as new records in the Iraqi marine fishes. In the present study, a new host and a new host locality are presented for the two species. The taxonomic status of members of Helicometrina has been questionable, the validity of diagnostic features, especially in regard to the number of testes. In the present study, specimens presented a permanent and steady number of testes (n=9) and therefore its use as a diagnostic character and is very similar with Linton (1910). Epinephelus tauvina is considered a new host for Helicometrina nimia , and Northwest Arabian Gulf a new locality for the species.","PeriodicalId":22529,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of marine science","volume":"307 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72947603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-05DOI: 10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0009
Quratulan Ahmed, L. Bat, F. Yousuf
In the present study, skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) from the Karachi coast between 2006 and 2011 were chosen and analyzed for the Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels in the edible dorsal tissues, livers, kidney, gills and gonads. The liver tissues had the highest concentrations of metals (623±103 mg kg-1 for Fe, 49±13 mg kg-1 for Mn, 67±17 mg kg-1 for Cu and 68±21 mg kg-1 for Zn). The muscle maximum concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were 46±17, 6±2, 7±2 and 7±2 mg kg-1, respectively. The results revealed that Fe concentrations were higher than those of other metals. The values obtained were compared with the international regulation maximal allowable standards in seafood. The current work attested that calculated diurnal and hebdomadal intakes of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels by way of consumption of skipjack tuna were not in excess of the Permissible Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) and Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) values established by FAO/WHO. In conclusion, K. pelamis appears to be useful bioindicator due to their accumulation of the metals and continued sampling and pollution effects on food chain organisms comparatively are required for further investigations.
{"title":"Contamination of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn in Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Karachi Fish Harbor and Potential Risks to Human Health","authors":"Quratulan Ahmed, L. Bat, F. Yousuf","doi":"10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0009","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) from the Karachi coast between 2006 and 2011 were chosen and analyzed for the Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels in the edible dorsal tissues, livers, kidney, gills and gonads. The liver tissues had the highest concentrations of metals (623±103 mg kg-1 for Fe, 49±13 mg kg-1 for Mn, 67±17 mg kg-1 for Cu and 68±21 mg kg-1 for Zn). The muscle maximum concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were 46±17, 6±2, 7±2 and 7±2 mg kg-1, respectively. The results revealed that Fe concentrations were higher than those of other metals. The values obtained were compared with the international regulation maximal allowable standards in seafood. The current work attested that calculated diurnal and hebdomadal intakes of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn levels by way of consumption of skipjack tuna were not in excess of the Permissible Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) and Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) values established by FAO/WHO. In conclusion, K. pelamis appears to be useful bioindicator due to their accumulation of the metals and continued sampling and pollution effects on food chain organisms comparatively are required for further investigations.","PeriodicalId":22529,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of marine science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75124096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-19DOI: 10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0008
S. G. Ajeel
Samples were collected from seven stations in Iraqi marine water at North west Arabian Gulf by a plankton net (0.120 mm mesh-size and 40 cm mouth aperture) during July 2009 and March 2010. The population density of zooplankton ranged between 185 ind./m 3 during March 2010 to 32856 ind./m 3 during July 2009 at St. 3 (Al-Musab). Crustaceans were the dominant which constitute 76.4% of the total zooplankton in study area. Copepoda constitute (76%), Bivalve (9%), Rotifera (6%), Cirripede larvae and Appendicularia (2%) of the total zooplankton. The average biomass of zooplankton estimated as wet weight 387.7 mg/m 3 , dry weight 18.7 mg/m 3 , displacement volume 0.5 ml/ m 3 and standing crop 33.0 mg C/ m 3 in study area.
2009年7月至2010年3月，利用浮游生物网(网目尺寸0.120 mm，口孔径40 cm)在阿拉伯湾西北部伊拉克海水的7个站点采集了样本。圣3号(Al-Musab)浮游动物种群密度在2010年3月的185 ~ 2009年7月的32856个/m 3之间。甲壳类以浮游动物为主，占总浮游动物的76.4%。桡足类(76%)、双壳类(9%)、轮虫类(6%)、卷足类幼虫和尾虫类(2%)分别占浮游动物总数的76%、9%、6%。研究区浮游动物的平均生物量为湿重387.7 mg/m 3，干重18.7 mg/m 3，排水量0.5 ml/ m 3，直立作物33.0 mg C/ m 3。
{"title":"Zooplankton of Iraqi Marine Water North West Arabian Gulf","authors":"S. G. Ajeel","doi":"10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Samples were collected from seven stations in Iraqi marine water at North west Arabian Gulf by a plankton net (0.120 mm mesh-size and 40 cm mouth aperture) during July 2009 and March 2010. The population density of zooplankton ranged between 185 ind./m 3 during March 2010 to 32856 ind./m 3 during July 2009 at St. 3 (Al-Musab). Crustaceans were the dominant which constitute 76.4% of the total zooplankton in study area. Copepoda constitute (76%), Bivalve (9%), Rotifera (6%), Cirripede larvae and Appendicularia (2%) of the total zooplankton. The average biomass of zooplankton estimated as wet weight 387.7 mg/m 3 , dry weight 18.7 mg/m 3 , displacement volume 0.5 ml/ m 3 and standing crop 33.0 mg C/ m 3 in study area.","PeriodicalId":22529,"journal":{"name":"The international journal of marine science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74155035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-06DOI: 10.5376/IJMS.2017.07.0007
Z. Ansari, Shahin Badesab, R. Singh, H. Kitazato
A quantitative study of metazoan meiofauna across the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of continental margin in the N-E Arabian Sea in the depth range 500-1965 m was carried out in September-November 2008. Bottom water oxygen and sediment organic carbon showed large variation between stations. The bottom water temperature and salinity was very similar in the area. The fauna was dominated by nematoda followed by harpacticoid copepoda and polychaeta. Maximum meiofaunal density of 164/10 cm 2 was recorded at St. 1 (500 m) and the lowest density of 25/10 cm² was observed at St. 2 (650 m) which coincided with lowest oxygen concentration. Total abundance of meiofauna was significantly lower than those reported from other areas. The average density was high (65/10 cm 2 ) in OMZ than in non OMZ (52/10 cm 2 ) area. Nematodes were the dominant taxon at every station. The dominance was particularly significant at those stations having very low oxygen. The meiofaunal density was positively correlated with sediment organic carbon while oxygen exhibited a negative correlation. Epibenthic Crustacean groups were more in areas of non OMZ having high oxygen. Vertical distribution revealed consistent reduction in total density and major taxa with increasing depth in sediment. Maximum density was recorded in top 0-2 cm layer. Among environmental parameters the availability of food in the form of sediment carbon appeared to be key factor in controlling meiofauna in study areas.
2008年9 - 11月，对阿拉伯海东北缘500 ~ 1965 m深度的大陆边缘氧最小带(OMZ)上的后生动物进行了定量研究。站间底水氧和沉积物有机碳存在较大差异。该地区的底部水温和盐度非常相似。区系以线虫类为主，其次为棘足类、桡足类和多毛类。在St. 1 (500 m)的最小密度为164/10 cm²，St. 2 (650 m)的最小密度为25/10 cm²，与最低氧浓度一致。该地区少系动物总丰度显著低于其他地区。高岭区平均密度(65/10 cm 2)高于非高岭区(52/10 cm 2)。线虫是各站点的优势分类群。在那些氧气含量很低的站点，这种优势尤其显著。小动物密度与沉积物有机碳呈显著正相关，氧呈显著负相关。表层底栖甲壳类动物群多见于非OMZ高氧区。垂直分布表明，随着沉积物深度的增加，总密度和主要类群逐渐减少。最高密度记录在顶部0-2 cm层。在环境参数中，沉积物碳形式的食物有效性似乎是控制研究区微量动物的关键因素。
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