Motion blur is one of the most significant and common artifacts causing poor image quality in digital photography, in which many factors resulted. In imaging process, if the objects are moving quickly in the scene or the camera moves in the exposure interval, the image of the scene would blur along the direction of relative motion between the camera and the scene, e.g. camera shake, atmospheric turbulence. Recently, sparse representation model has been widely used in signal and image processing, which is an effective method to describe the natural images. In this article, a new deblurring approach based on sparse representation is proposed. An overcomplete dictionary learned from the trained image samples via the KSVD algorithm is designed to represent the latent image. The motion-blur kernel can be treated as a piece-wise smooth function in image domain, whose support is approximately a thin smooth curve, so we employed curvelet to represent the blur kernel. Both of overcomplete dictionary and curvelet system have high sparsity, which improves the robustness to the noise and more satisfies the observer's visual demand. With the two priors, we constructed restoration model of blurred images and succeeded to solve the optimization problem with the help of alternating minimization technique. The experiment results prove the method can preserve the texture of original images and suppress the ring artifacts effectively.
{"title":"Blind image deblurring based on trained dictionary and curvelet using sparse representation","authors":"Liang Feng, Qian Huang, Tingfa Xu, Shao Li","doi":"10.1117/12.2181535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2181535","url":null,"abstract":"Motion blur is one of the most significant and common artifacts causing poor image quality in digital photography, in which many factors resulted. In imaging process, if the objects are moving quickly in the scene or the camera moves in the exposure interval, the image of the scene would blur along the direction of relative motion between the camera and the scene, e.g. camera shake, atmospheric turbulence. Recently, sparse representation model has been widely used in signal and image processing, which is an effective method to describe the natural images. In this article, a new deblurring approach based on sparse representation is proposed. An overcomplete dictionary learned from the trained image samples via the KSVD algorithm is designed to represent the latent image. The motion-blur kernel can be treated as a piece-wise smooth function in image domain, whose support is approximately a thin smooth curve, so we employed curvelet to represent the blur kernel. Both of overcomplete dictionary and curvelet system have high sparsity, which improves the robustness to the noise and more satisfies the observer's visual demand. With the two priors, we constructed restoration model of blurred images and succeeded to solve the optimization problem with the help of alternating minimization technique. The experiment results prove the method can preserve the texture of original images and suppress the ring artifacts effectively.","PeriodicalId":225534,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124309135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiping Xu, Zizhao Zhao, Wei‐Wen Lan, Lei Sha, Cheng Qian
This paper discusses the adaptive fuzzy control and neural network BP algorithm in large flat automatic leveling control system application. The purpose is to develop a measurement system with a flat quick leveling, Make the installation on the leveling system of measurement with tablet, to be able to achieve a level in precision measurement work quickly, improve the efficiency of the precision measurement. This paper focuses on the automatic leveling system analysis based on fuzzy controller, Use of the method of combining fuzzy controller and BP neural network, using BP algorithm improve the experience rules .Construct an adaptive fuzzy control system. Meanwhile the learning rate of the BP algorithm has also been run-rate adjusted to accelerate convergence. The simulation results show that the proposed control method can effectively improve the leveling precision of automatic leveling system and shorten the time of leveling.
{"title":"Study on application of adaptive fuzzy control and neural network in the automatic leveling system","authors":"Xiping Xu, Zizhao Zhao, Wei‐Wen Lan, Lei Sha, Cheng Qian","doi":"10.1117/12.2179681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2179681","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the adaptive fuzzy control and neural network BP algorithm in large flat automatic leveling control system application. The purpose is to develop a measurement system with a flat quick leveling, Make the installation on the leveling system of measurement with tablet, to be able to achieve a level in precision measurement work quickly, improve the efficiency of the precision measurement. This paper focuses on the automatic leveling system analysis based on fuzzy controller, Use of the method of combining fuzzy controller and BP neural network, using BP algorithm improve the experience rules .Construct an adaptive fuzzy control system. Meanwhile the learning rate of the BP algorithm has also been run-rate adjusted to accelerate convergence. The simulation results show that the proposed control method can effectively improve the leveling precision of automatic leveling system and shorten the time of leveling.","PeriodicalId":225534,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114527298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabry–Pérot interferometer is a multi-beam interferometer, with the advantage of high spectral resolution, and can be used to research the fine structure of the matter. The application of Fabry–Pérot interferometer in spectral imaging instrument will improve the spectral resolution. And it can also enhance the structural efficiency and promote the miniaturization of the spectral imaging instrument, which makes it convenient to be used in aviation and space applications. Here, we propose a method of hyperspectral Imaging based on Tunable Fabry–Pérot interferometer. At first, the time-domain interferogram is obtained by adjusting the cavity length during shooting, then, the corresponding relationship between the interferogram and the spectral curve can be described by the theoretical model of multi-beam interference, and linear equations can be obtained by discretizing the theoretical model. Finally, the spectral curve can be obtained by solving the equations. Good results come out of the simulation of this method. It has high precision and spectral resolution.
{"title":"Simulation of hyperspectral imaging based on tunable Fabry-Pérot interferometer","authors":"Chengmiao Liu, Jianxin Li, Yusheng Sun, R. Zhu","doi":"10.1117/12.2180220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180220","url":null,"abstract":"Fabry–Pérot interferometer is a multi-beam interferometer, with the advantage of high spectral resolution, and can be used to research the fine structure of the matter. The application of Fabry–Pérot interferometer in spectral imaging instrument will improve the spectral resolution. And it can also enhance the structural efficiency and promote the miniaturization of the spectral imaging instrument, which makes it convenient to be used in aviation and space applications. Here, we propose a method of hyperspectral Imaging based on Tunable Fabry–Pérot interferometer. At first, the time-domain interferogram is obtained by adjusting the cavity length during shooting, then, the corresponding relationship between the interferogram and the spectral curve can be described by the theoretical model of multi-beam interference, and linear equations can be obtained by discretizing the theoretical model. Finally, the spectral curve can be obtained by solving the equations. Good results come out of the simulation of this method. It has high precision and spectral resolution.","PeriodicalId":225534,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116510705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Local memory architecture plays an important role in high performance massively parallel vision chip. In this paper, we propose an enhanced memory architecture with compact circuit area designed in a full-custom flow. The memory consists of separate master-stage static latches and shared slave-stage dynamic latches. We use split transmission transistors on the input data path to enhance tolerance for charge sharing and to achieve random read/write capabilities. The memory is designed in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. The area overhead of the memory achieves 16.6 μm2/bit. Simulation results show that the maximum operating frequency reaches 410 MHz and the corresponding peak dynamic power consumption for a 64-bit memory unit is 190 μW under 1.8 V supply voltage.
{"title":"Enhanced memory architecture for massively parallel vision chip","authors":"Zhe Chen, Jie Yang, Liyuan Liu, N. Wu","doi":"10.1117/12.2179447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2179447","url":null,"abstract":"Local memory architecture plays an important role in high performance massively parallel vision chip. In this paper, we propose an enhanced memory architecture with compact circuit area designed in a full-custom flow. The memory consists of separate master-stage static latches and shared slave-stage dynamic latches. We use split transmission transistors on the input data path to enhance tolerance for charge sharing and to achieve random read/write capabilities. The memory is designed in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. The area overhead of the memory achieves 16.6 μm2/bit. Simulation results show that the maximum operating frequency reaches 410 MHz and the corresponding peak dynamic power consumption for a 64-bit memory unit is 190 μW under 1.8 V supply voltage.","PeriodicalId":225534,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124990495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yucui Dong, Fansheng Chen, Yun Wang, Xiaofeng Su, Wei Wang
It is always affected by the influence of limb atmosphere when the space-based remote sensing systems detect spatial targets using limb observation mode. In this paper, the characteristics of the limb atmosphere and the impact of limb atmosphere to target observation are theoretical modeled. Based on the model, we propose an algorithm to compute the vertical structure of atmosphere radiance through the image of limb atmosphere as well as the star image. Realization of atmosphere radiance under similar situation can then be computed based on inversion algorithm proposed in the paper. The stellar images of different areas including areas over Antarctic and Equator are captured by in-orbit space borne camera. The method of how to inverse from the gray image to atmosphere limb radiance in engineering applications is described in detail and statistical analysis of the result of inversion to limb atmosphere radiance is conducted whose trend is consistent with simulation result of MODTRAN which increases at lower altitude to a peak value then drop to zero slowly while there are two peaks in the statistical radiance distribution curves illustrating the polar light over Antarctic.
{"title":"A limb atmospheric radiance inversion method based on a sun-synchronous orbit satellite","authors":"Yucui Dong, Fansheng Chen, Yun Wang, Xiaofeng Su, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1117/12.2180861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180861","url":null,"abstract":"It is always affected by the influence of limb atmosphere when the space-based remote sensing systems detect spatial targets using limb observation mode. In this paper, the characteristics of the limb atmosphere and the impact of limb atmosphere to target observation are theoretical modeled. Based on the model, we propose an algorithm to compute the vertical structure of atmosphere radiance through the image of limb atmosphere as well as the star image. Realization of atmosphere radiance under similar situation can then be computed based on inversion algorithm proposed in the paper. The stellar images of different areas including areas over Antarctic and Equator are captured by in-orbit space borne camera. The method of how to inverse from the gray image to atmosphere limb radiance in engineering applications is described in detail and statistical analysis of the result of inversion to limb atmosphere radiance is conducted whose trend is consistent with simulation result of MODTRAN which increases at lower altitude to a peak value then drop to zero slowly while there are two peaks in the statistical radiance distribution curves illustrating the polar light over Antarctic.","PeriodicalId":225534,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127144375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface deformation is the crucial factor for the imaging performance of the lithographic object lens in the manufacturing process. Simulation of surface deformation can predict the degradation of the wavefront error caused by surface deformation, find the lens which is most sensitive to the surface deformation even in the design phase. We develop a method to simulate the surface deformation by Zernike polynomials in this paper. In fact, the surface deformation generated in the manufacturing process is random. However, it does not mean that they have no rules at all. We analysize the Zernike coefficients distribution of the interferential data, and build a model to simulate the surface deformation. The model can generate random-surface-deformation according to the input RMS/PV bound in the form of INT file type, which can be added to the lens surface directly in the optical design program CODEV. The results show that the surface deformation generated by our model can simulate the interferential data very well.
{"title":"Simulation of surface deformation for the lithographic object lens by Zernike polynomials","authors":"Bin Cong, Tongxun Yi","doi":"10.1117/12.2175664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2175664","url":null,"abstract":"Surface deformation is the crucial factor for the imaging performance of the lithographic object lens in the manufacturing process. Simulation of surface deformation can predict the degradation of the wavefront error caused by surface deformation, find the lens which is most sensitive to the surface deformation even in the design phase. We develop a method to simulate the surface deformation by Zernike polynomials in this paper. In fact, the surface deformation generated in the manufacturing process is random. However, it does not mean that they have no rules at all. We analysize the Zernike coefficients distribution of the interferential data, and build a model to simulate the surface deformation. The model can generate random-surface-deformation according to the input RMS/PV bound in the form of INT file type, which can be added to the lens surface directly in the optical design program CODEV. The results show that the surface deformation generated by our model can simulate the interferential data very well.","PeriodicalId":225534,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130453678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ultrasonic hydrophone based on a dual polarization distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser is described, and its application to detecting the vector medical ultrasound is demonstrated. The principle of the hydrophone is based on the detection of output beat frequency signal modulated by ultrasound. The amplitude, frequency and orientation of the ultrasound can be determined by the using the upper and lower sideband frequency. It has been found that the hydrophone has an orientation recognizable ability which the piezoelectric ultrasonic immersion transducer doesn’t have. It suggests that the type of hydrophone can provide an alternative to piezoelectric hydrophone technology.
{"title":"A fiber DBR laser based vector hydrophone for ultrasonic medical applications","authors":"Han Wang, Xi Guo, Jingyi Gao, Chengang Lyu","doi":"10.1117/12.2178433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2178433","url":null,"abstract":"An ultrasonic hydrophone based on a dual polarization distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser is described, and its application to detecting the vector medical ultrasound is demonstrated. The principle of the hydrophone is based on the detection of output beat frequency signal modulated by ultrasound. The amplitude, frequency and orientation of the ultrasound can be determined by the using the upper and lower sideband frequency. It has been found that the hydrophone has an orientation recognizable ability which the piezoelectric ultrasonic immersion transducer doesn’t have. It suggests that the type of hydrophone can provide an alternative to piezoelectric hydrophone technology.","PeriodicalId":225534,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133461010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Fourier transform spectrometer without slit has the advantages of high radiation throughput and high spatial resolution. It can be used for detecting more details of the spectral and spatial information. We present the initial structure of the collimator and objective based on the analysis of the principle of the Fourier transform spectrometer. Then the collimator and objective are optimized by Zemax. The MTF of the cut-off frequency is great than 0.7. The tunable lateral shearing splitter is used as the interferometer, which makes the system more compact compared with the system using Sagnac lateral shearing splitter. The method to calculate the geometric dimension of the splitter is presented. Then the complete Fourier transform spectrometer is designed. The MTF of the cut-off frequency is great than 0.6. And the largest RMS of the spot is less than 6μm.
{"title":"System design of Fourier transform imaging spectrometer using tunable lateral shearing splitter","authors":"Xin Meng, Jianxin Li, Caixun Bai, R. Zhu","doi":"10.1117/12.2179843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2179843","url":null,"abstract":"The Fourier transform spectrometer without slit has the advantages of high radiation throughput and high spatial resolution. It can be used for detecting more details of the spectral and spatial information. We present the initial structure of the collimator and objective based on the analysis of the principle of the Fourier transform spectrometer. Then the collimator and objective are optimized by Zemax. The MTF of the cut-off frequency is great than 0.7. The tunable lateral shearing splitter is used as the interferometer, which makes the system more compact compared with the system using Sagnac lateral shearing splitter. The method to calculate the geometric dimension of the splitter is presented. Then the complete Fourier transform spectrometer is designed. The MTF of the cut-off frequency is great than 0.6. And the largest RMS of the spot is less than 6μm.","PeriodicalId":225534,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134131127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nan Chen, Zhengfen Li, Shengyou Zhong, Mei Zou, L. Yao
An incremental sigma-delta ADC is designed for column-parallel ADC array in CMOS image sensor. Sigma-delta modulator with single-loop single-bit structure is chosen for power consumption and performance reasons. Second-order modulator is used to reduce conversion time, without stability problem and large area accompanied by higher order sigma-delta modulator. The asymmetric current mirror amplifier used in integrator reduces more than 30% power dissipation. The digital filter and decimator are implemented by counters and adders with significantly reduced chip area and power consumption. A Clock generator is shared by 8 ADCs for trade-off among power, area and clock loading. The ADC array is implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology and clocked at 10 MHz, and the simulated resolution achieves 15-bit with 255 clock cycles. The average power consumption per ADC is 118 μW including clock generator, and the area is only 0.0053 μm2.
{"title":"A 15-bit incremental sigma-delta ADC for CMOS image sensor","authors":"Nan Chen, Zhengfen Li, Shengyou Zhong, Mei Zou, L. Yao","doi":"10.1117/12.2180830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180830","url":null,"abstract":"An incremental sigma-delta ADC is designed for column-parallel ADC array in CMOS image sensor. Sigma-delta modulator with single-loop single-bit structure is chosen for power consumption and performance reasons. Second-order modulator is used to reduce conversion time, without stability problem and large area accompanied by higher order sigma-delta modulator. The asymmetric current mirror amplifier used in integrator reduces more than 30% power dissipation. The digital filter and decimator are implemented by counters and adders with significantly reduced chip area and power consumption. A Clock generator is shared by 8 ADCs for trade-off among power, area and clock loading. The ADC array is implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology and clocked at 10 MHz, and the simulated resolution achieves 15-bit with 255 clock cycles. The average power consumption per ADC is 118 μW including clock generator, and the area is only 0.0053 μm2.","PeriodicalId":225534,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences","volume":"9522 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129491389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CMOS image sensors (CIS) have lower power consumption, lower cost and smaller size than CCD image sensors. However, generally CCDs have higher performance than CIS mainly due to lower noise. The pixel circuit used in CIS is the first part of the signal processing circuit and connected to photodiode directly, so its performance will greatly affect the CIS or even the whole imaging system. To achieve high performance, CMOS image sensors need advanced pixel circuits. There are many pixel circuits used in CIS, such as passive pixel sensor (PPS), 3T and 4T active pixel sensor (APS), capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA), and passive pixel sensor (PPS). At first, the main performance parameters of each pixel structure including the noise, injection efficiency, sensitivity, power consumption, and stability of bias voltage are analyzed. Through the theoretical analysis of those pixel circuits, it is concluded that CTIA pixel circuit has good noise performance, high injection efficiency, stable photodiode bias, and high sensitivity with small integrator capacitor. Furthermore, the APS and CTIA pixel circuits are simulated in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process and using a n-well/p-sub photodiode by SPICE and the simulation result confirms the theoretical analysis result. It shows the possibility that CMOS image sensors can be extended to a wide range of applications requiring high performance.
{"title":"Analysis of pixel circuits in CMOS image sensors","authors":"Zou Mei, Nan Chen, Li-bin Yao","doi":"10.1117/12.2180432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2180432","url":null,"abstract":"CMOS image sensors (CIS) have lower power consumption, lower cost and smaller size than CCD image sensors. However, generally CCDs have higher performance than CIS mainly due to lower noise. The pixel circuit used in CIS is the first part of the signal processing circuit and connected to photodiode directly, so its performance will greatly affect the CIS or even the whole imaging system. To achieve high performance, CMOS image sensors need advanced pixel circuits. There are many pixel circuits used in CIS, such as passive pixel sensor (PPS), 3T and 4T active pixel sensor (APS), capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA), and passive pixel sensor (PPS). At first, the main performance parameters of each pixel structure including the noise, injection efficiency, sensitivity, power consumption, and stability of bias voltage are analyzed. Through the theoretical analysis of those pixel circuits, it is concluded that CTIA pixel circuit has good noise performance, high injection efficiency, stable photodiode bias, and high sensitivity with small integrator capacitor. Furthermore, the APS and CTIA pixel circuits are simulated in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process and using a n-well/p-sub photodiode by SPICE and the simulation result confirms the theoretical analysis result. It shows the possibility that CMOS image sensors can be extended to a wide range of applications requiring high performance.","PeriodicalId":225534,"journal":{"name":"Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122856381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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