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Strategies to improve system resolution in multiple configuration sensors 提高多配置传感器系统分辨率的策略
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2182935
Hua Liu, Q. Ding, Chunjie Guo, Li-wei Zhou
System resolution in multiple configuration sensors is a typical problem in optimum research, facing among all kinds of image sensor, esp. in structured configuration system. Inspired to in order to reveal the configuration to improve system resolution, further technical requirement is proposed of the function and influence on the development of smart image sensors. To break the diffraction limit, multiple configuration is applied effectively. Criterion, such as MTF, PSF and so on is used to evaluate the features of the system. Therefore, The results show that they are effective solutions.
多组态传感器的系统分辨率问题是各种图像传感器,特别是结构化组态系统中所面临的一个典型的优化研究问题。受启发,为了揭示提高系统分辨率的配置,对智能图像传感器的功能和发展影响提出了进一步的技术要求。为了突破衍射极限,有效地采用了多重构型。采用MTF、PSF等准则对系统的特征进行评价。结果表明,它们是有效的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
The influences of vacuum pressure and gas components on the stability of GaAs photocathode 真空压力和气体组分对GaAs光电阴极稳定性的影响
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2178709
Long Wang, F. Shi, Hongchang Cheng, Sen Niu, Honglin Shi, Lei Yan, Xing Cheng, Yuan Yuan
The photocurrent attenuation of GaAs photocathode within one hour after activation under three different vacuum pressure (5×10-9Pa, 5×10-8Pa, 5×10-7Pa) were recorded by automatically activated monitor. The results show that: the photocurrent quickly descend in the beginning and then descend linearly at a low slope; the amplitude of the quickly descending area were 10%, 14.74% and 36%separately, with the respective slope of the linear descending area were -0.00653, -0.01132and -0.02. Three samples’ gas components of H2, CH4, CO, H2O, O2, CO2 etc under the same vacuum pressure (5×10-8Pa)during photocurrent attenuation were collected by quadrupole mass spectrometer. By comparing the gas components content and the attenuation law of the photocurrent, it has been found that H2O and H2 had a greater impact on the stability of GaAs photocathode in the ultra-high vacuum environment and H2O was the predominant effect. This paper has important guiding significance and reference value in studying the stability of GaAs photocathode and the improvement of semiconductor photocathode process.
利用自动激活监测仪记录了三种不同真空压力(5×10-9Pa, 5×10-8Pa, 5×10-7Pa)下活化后1小时内砷化镓光电阴极的光电流衰减。结果表明:光电流在开始时迅速下降,然后以较低的斜率线性下降;快速下降区的幅度分别为10%、14.74%和36%,线性下降区的斜率分别为-0.00653、-0.01132和-0.02。采用四极杆质谱仪采集了光电流衰减过程中相同真空压力(5×10-8Pa)下3种样品的气体组分H2、CH4、CO、H2O、O2、CO2等。通过对比气体组分含量和光电流衰减规律,发现H2O和H2对超高真空环境下GaAs光电阴极稳定性的影响较大,H2O为主导作用。本文对研究砷化镓光电阴极的稳定性和改进半导体光电阴极工艺具有重要的指导意义和参考价值。
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引用次数: 3
Observation and analysis of flow field in laser ablation plume of POM POM激光烧蚀羽流场的观察与分析
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2179855
Kefei Liu, Jifei Ye
When using YAG laser emit strong laser pulses to bombardment solid POM, in the areas of interaction will produce a plume. A shadowgraph photography technique was employed for visualizing temporal evolution of plume. The experiment results show that in the plume flow field, multi-density discontinuities were observed. The plume has a high speed towards laser source, and plume uneven expansion makes the shape and position of discontinuities change. Plume velocity affect the propulsive efficiency, enhance the pulse laser energy can speed up the plume, energy increase to a certain degree of plume speed will reach a steady-state value.
当利用YAG激光器发射强激光脉冲轰击固体POM时,在相互作用区域会产生羽流。采用阴影摄影技术对羽流的时间演变进行了可视化。实验结果表明,在羽流场中存在多密度不连续。羽流向激光源的速度较快,羽流的不均匀膨胀使不连续面的形状和位置发生变化。羽流速度影响推进效率,增强脉冲激光能量可以加速羽流,能量增加到一定程度羽流速度将达到稳态值。
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引用次数: 1
Enhancement dark channel algorithm of color fog image based on the local segmentation 基于局部分割的彩色雾图像暗通道增强算法
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2179838
Lijun Yun, Yin Gao, Junsheng Shi, Ling Xu
The classical dark channel theory algorithm has yielded good results in the processing of single fog image, but in some larger contrast regions, it appears image hue, brightness and saturation distortion problems to a certain degree, and also produces halo phenomenon. In the view of the above situation, through a lot of experiments, this paper has found some factors causing the halo phenomenon. The enhancement dark channel algorithm of color fog image based on the local segmentation is proposed. On the basis of the dark channel theory, first of all, the classic dark channel theory of mathematical model is modified, which is mainly to correct the brightness and saturation of image. Then, according to the local adaptive segmentation theory, it process the block of image, and overlap the local image. On the basis of the statistical rules, it obtains each pixel value from the segmentation processing, so as to obtain the local image. At last, using the dark channel theory, it achieves the enhanced fog image. Through the subjective observation and objective evaluation, the algorithm is better than the classic dark channel algorithm in the overall and details.
经典暗通道理论算法在处理单幅雾图像时取得了较好的效果,但在一些对比度较大的区域,会出现图像色调、亮度和饱和度的一定程度失真问题,并产生光晕现象。针对上述情况,本文通过大量的实验,发现了造成光晕现象的一些因素。提出了一种基于局部分割的彩色雾图像暗通道增强算法。在暗通道理论的基础上,首先对经典暗通道理论的数学模型进行修正,主要是对图像的亮度和饱和度进行校正。然后,根据局部自适应分割理论,对图像块进行处理,对局部图像进行重叠;在统计规则的基础上,从分割处理中得到每个像素的值,从而得到局部图像。最后,利用暗通道理论,实现了增强雾图像。通过主观观察和客观评价,该算法在整体和细节上都优于经典暗通道算法。
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引用次数: 2
Measurement and analysis of aircraft and vehicle LRCS in outfield test 飞机和车辆LRCS外场试验的测量与分析
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2180322
Changqing Cao, Xiaodong Zeng, Zhaojin Fan, Zhejun Feng, Zhi Lai
The measurement of aircraft and vehicle Laser Radar Cross Section (LRCS) is of crucial importance for the detection system evaluation and the characteristic research of the laser scattering. A brief introduction of the measuring theory of the laser scattering from the full-scale aircraft and vehicle targets is presented in this paper. By analyzing the measuring condition in outfield test, the laser systems and test steps are designed for full-scale aircraft and vehicle LRCS and verified by the experiment in laboratory. The processing data error 7% below is obtained of the laser radar cross section by using Gaussian compensation and elimination of sky background for original test data. The study of measurement and analysis proves that the proposed method is effective and correct to get laser radar cross section data in outfield test. The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop structural concepts for different LRCS fuselage configurations constructed of conventional materials; (2) to compare these findings with those of aircrafts or vehicles; (3) to assess the application of advanced materials for each configuration; (4) to conduct an analytical investigation of the aerodynamic loads, vertical drag and mission performance of different LRCS configurations; and (5) to compare these findings with those of the aircrafts or vehicles.
飞机和车辆激光雷达截面(LRCS)的测量对于检测系统的评估和激光散射特性的研究具有至关重要的意义。本文简要介绍了全尺寸飞机和车辆目标激光散射的测量原理。通过分析外场测试中的测量条件,设计了飞机和车辆LRCS的全尺寸激光系统和测试步骤,并进行了室内实验验证。对原始测试数据进行高斯补偿和消去天空背景,得到激光雷达截面处理数据误差7%以下。测量和分析的研究证明了该方法在外场测试中获得激光雷达截面数据的有效性和正确性。本研究的目的是:(1)开发不同LRCS机身结构的结构概念;(2)将这些结果与飞机或车辆的结果进行比较;(3)评估每种配置的先进材料应用情况;(4)对不同LRCS构型的气动载荷、垂直阻力和任务性能进行了分析研究;(5)将这些发现与飞机或车辆的结果进行比较。
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引用次数: 3
Modeling for infrared readout integrated circuit based on Verilog-A 基于Verilog-A的红外读出集成电路建模
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2180101
Xiao Wang, Zelin Shi
Infrared detectors are the core of infrared imaging systems, while readout integrated circuits are the key components of detectors. In order to grasp the performance of circuits quickly and accurately, a method of circuit modeling using Verilog-A language is proposed, which present a behavioral simulation model for the ROIC. At first, a typical capacitor trans-impedance amplifier(CTIA) ROIC unit is showed, then the two essential parts of it,operational amplifier and switch are modeled on behavioral level. The op amp model concludes these non-ideal factors, such as finite gain-bandwidth product, input and output offset, output resistance and so on. Non-deal factors that affect switches are considered in the switch behavioral model, such as rise and fall time, on-resistance and so on. At last time-domain modeling method for noise is presented, which is compared with the classical frequency domain method for difference. The analysis results shows that in the situation that noise interested bandwidth(NIBW) is more than 5MHz, the difference between the two methods leads to less than 1% if the sample rate of noise is larger 4 times of the NIBW
红外探测器是红外成像系统的核心,而读出集成电路是探测器的关键部件。为了快速准确地掌握电路的性能,提出了一种使用Verilog-A语言进行电路建模的方法,给出了ROIC的行为仿真模型。首先介绍了一个典型的电容式跨阻抗放大器(CTIA) ROIC单元,然后从行为层面对CTIA的两个关键部件运算放大器和开关进行了建模。运放模型总结了这些非理想因素,如有限增益带宽积、输入输出偏置、输出电阻等。在开关行为模型中考虑了影响开关的非交易因素,如上升和下降时间、导通电阻等。最后提出了噪声的时域建模方法,并与经典的频域差分方法进行了比较。分析结果表明,在噪声兴趣带宽(NIBW)大于5MHz的情况下,当噪声采样率大于NIBW的4倍时,两种方法的差异小于1%
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引用次数: 0
Directional force measurement technology based on fiber optical laser heterodyning demodulation 基于光纤激光外差解调的定向力测量技术
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2178625
Jingyi Gao, Han Wang, Xi Guo, Chengang Lyu
Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) polarimetric optical fiber laser sensors have been attracting great interests due to harsh environment capability and high signal-to-noise ratio .We demonstrate directional force measurement technology using dual-polarization DBR optical fiber laser as a sensor. The influences of external force (bending, current and ultrasonic signal) could be analyzed by inducing a DFB polarimetric laser sensor to detect the beating signals shifts when the cavity is perturbed. We present the analysis of sensing mechanism on the DBR geometric construction and demodulation of directional information by separating the dual orthogonal polarization modes. With loading angles at 35°, 45°, 55°with 10° interval, the DBR laser sensor has shown orientation recognization ability corresponding to beating signals shifts, offering a potential for vector force directional detection.
分布式布拉格反射器(DBR)偏振光纤激光传感器因其在恶劣环境下的性能和高信噪比而引起了人们的广泛关注,本文介绍了双偏振DBR光纤激光器作为传感器的定向力测量技术。通过诱导DFB偏振激光传感器检测腔体受扰动时跳动信号的位移,分析外力(弯曲、电流和超声信号)的影响。分析了DBR几何结构的传感机理,并通过分离双正交偏振模式对方向信息进行解调。加载角度为35°、45°、55°,间隔为10°,DBR激光传感器显示出与跳动信号位移相对应的方向识别能力,为矢量力方向检测提供了可能。
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引用次数: 0
A new 9T global shutter pixel with CDS technique 采用CDS技术的新型9T全局快门像素
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2179554
Yang Liu, C. Ma, Quan Zhou, Xinyang Wang
Benefiting from motion blur free, Global shutter pixel is very widely used in the design of CMOS image sensors for high speed applications such as motion vision, scientifically inspection, etc. In global shutter sensors, all pixel signal information needs to be stored in the pixel first and then waiting for readout. For higher frame rate, we need very fast operation of the pixel array. There are basically two ways for the in pixel signal storage, one is in charge domain, such as the one shown in [1], this needs complicated process during the pixel fabrication. The other one is in voltage domain, one example is the one in [2], this pixel is based on the 4T PPD technology and normally the driving of the high capacitive transfer gate limits the speed of the array operation. In this paper we report a new 9T global shutter pixel based on 3-T partially pinned photodiode (PPPD) technology. It incorporates three in-pixel storage capacitors allowing for correlated double sampling (CDS) and pipeline operation of the array (pixel exposure during the readout of the array). Only two control pulses are needed for all the pixels at the end of exposure which allows high speed exposure control.
得益于无运动模糊,全局快门像素被广泛应用于运动视觉、科学检测等高速应用的CMOS图像传感器设计中。在全局快门传感器中,所有像素信号信息都需要先存储在像素中,然后等待读出。为了获得更高的帧率,我们需要非常快的像素阵列运算。像素内信号的存储基本上有两种方式,一种是电荷域,如[1]所示,这在像素制作过程中需要复杂的过程。另一个是在电压域中,一个例子是在[2]中,这个像素基于4T PPD技术,通常高电容转移门的驱动限制了阵列的运行速度。本文报道了一种基于3-T部分钉住光电二极管(PPPD)技术的9T全局快门像素。它包含三个像素内存储电容器,允许相关双采样(CDS)和阵列的流水线操作(阵列读出期间的像素曝光)。在曝光结束时,所有像素只需要两个控制脉冲,从而实现高速曝光控制。
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引用次数: 1
Dual cameras acquisition and display system of retina-like sensor camera and rectangular sensor camera 视网膜样传感器摄像头和矩形传感器摄像头双摄像头采集显示系统
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2180239
Nan Cao, Fengmei Cao, Yabin Lin, Tingzhu Bai, Shengyu Song
For a new kind of retina-like senor camera and a traditional rectangular sensor camera, dual cameras acquisition and display system need to be built. We introduce the principle and the development of retina-like senor. Image coordinates transformation and interpolation based on sub-pixel interpolation need to be realized for our retina-like sensor’s special pixels distribution. The hardware platform is composed of retina-like senor camera, rectangular sensor camera, image grabber and PC. Combined the MIL and OpenCV library, the software program is composed in VC++ on VS 2010. Experience results show that the system can realizes two cameras’ acquisition and display.
对于一种新型的类视网膜传感器相机和传统的矩形传感器相机,需要构建双摄像头采集和显示系统。本文介绍了类视网膜传感器的原理和发展。由于类视网膜传感器像素分布的特殊性,需要实现基于亚像素插值的图像坐标变换和插值。硬件平台由类视网膜传感器摄像头、矩形传感器摄像头、图像采集器和PC组成。结合MIL和OpenCV库,在vs2010上用vc++编写软件程序。实验结果表明,该系统可以实现两台摄像机的采集和显示。
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引用次数: 0
Blind image deblurring based on trained dictionary and curvelet using sparse representation 基于训练字典和曲线稀疏表示的盲图像去模糊
Pub Date : 2015-04-13 DOI: 10.1117/12.2181535
Liang Feng, Qian Huang, Tingfa Xu, Shao Li
Motion blur is one of the most significant and common artifacts causing poor image quality in digital photography, in which many factors resulted. In imaging process, if the objects are moving quickly in the scene or the camera moves in the exposure interval, the image of the scene would blur along the direction of relative motion between the camera and the scene, e.g. camera shake, atmospheric turbulence. Recently, sparse representation model has been widely used in signal and image processing, which is an effective method to describe the natural images. In this article, a new deblurring approach based on sparse representation is proposed. An overcomplete dictionary learned from the trained image samples via the KSVD algorithm is designed to represent the latent image. The motion-blur kernel can be treated as a piece-wise smooth function in image domain, whose support is approximately a thin smooth curve, so we employed curvelet to represent the blur kernel. Both of overcomplete dictionary and curvelet system have high sparsity, which improves the robustness to the noise and more satisfies the observer's visual demand. With the two priors, we constructed restoration model of blurred images and succeeded to solve the optimization problem with the help of alternating minimization technique. The experiment results prove the method can preserve the texture of original images and suppress the ring artifacts effectively.
运动模糊是造成数码摄影图像质量差的最重要也是最常见的伪影之一,其产生的原因是多方面的。在成像过程中,如果物体在场景中快速移动或相机在曝光间隔内移动,则场景图像会沿着相机与场景之间的相对运动方向模糊,例如相机抖动,大气湍流等。近年来,稀疏表示模型作为一种描述自然图像的有效方法,在信号和图像处理中得到了广泛的应用。本文提出了一种基于稀疏表示的图像去模糊方法。通过KSVD算法从训练图像样本中学习一个过完备字典来表示潜在图像。运动模糊核在图像域中可以看作是一个分段平滑函数,它的支持近似为一条光滑的细曲线,因此我们采用曲线来表示模糊核。过完备字典和曲波系统都具有较高的稀疏性,提高了对噪声的鲁棒性,更能满足观察者的视觉需求。利用这两种先验算法构建了模糊图像的恢复模型,并利用交替最小化技术成功地解决了优化问题。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地保留原始图像的纹理,抑制环状伪影。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Photoelectronic Technology Committee Conferences
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