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A small granular component of the cytoplasm of keratinizing epithelia. 角化上皮细胞质中的小颗粒成分。
Pub Date : 1961-12-01 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.11.3.719
J V FREI, H SHELDON
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引用次数: 59
The two-wavelength method of microspectrophotometry. IV. A new solution. 双波长显微分光光度法。四、新的解决方案。
Pub Date : 1961-12-01 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.11.3.509
M L MENDELSOHN

In connection with the potential development of automatic two-wavelength microspectrophotometry, a new version of the two-wavelength method has been formulated. Unlike its predecessors, the Ornstein and Patau versions, the new method varies the area of the photometric field seeking to maximize a relationship between distributional errors at the two wavelengths. Stating this distributional error relationship in conventional photometric terms, the conditions at the maximum are defined by taking the first derivative with respect to field size and setting it equal to zero. This operation supplies two equations; one relates the transmittances at the two wavelengths, and a second states the relative amount of chromophore in the field in terms of transmittance at one wavelength. With the first equation to drive a servomechanism which sets the appropriate field size, the desired answer can then be obtained directly and continuously from the second equation. The result is identical in theory with those of the earlier methods, but the technique is more suitable for electronic computing.

考虑到自动双波长显微分光光度法的发展潜力,本文提出了一种新的双波长分光光度法。与之前的Ornstein和Patau版本不同,新方法改变了光度场的面积,以最大化两个波长的分布误差之间的关系。用传统的光度学术语来陈述这种分布误差关系,最大值的条件是通过对场大小取一阶导数并使其等于零来定义的。这个运算提供了两个方程;一个是两个波长的透光率,第二个是用一个波长的透光率表示场中发色团的相对量。用第一个方程驱动伺服机构,设定适当的场大小,然后可以从第二个方程直接连续地获得所需的答案。结果在理论上与先前的方法相同,但该技术更适合于电子计算。
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引用次数: 16
Electron microscopic and histochemical comparison of the two types of electroplaques of Narcine brasiliensis. 巴西水仙两种电斑的电镜及组织化学比较。
Pub Date : 1961-12-01 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.11.3.663
A WACHTEL, R MATHEWSON, H GRUNDFEST

The torpedine electric fish Narcine brasiliensis has two morphologically distinct electric organs (main and accessory) which also differ with respect to a number of electrophysiological properties. The fine structure of the electroplaques of these organs has been examined by electron microscopy and by a histochemical method for localizing esterase activity with a high degree of resolution. In both kinds of electroplaques the innervated surface (ventral in those of the main organ, dorsal in those of the accessory) is the only site of esterase activity. The latter is further confined to the regions of synaptic contact between vesicle-containing axon terminals and the electroplaque membrane. The synaptic apparatus is similar to, but less elaborate than, that of neuromuscular junctions. The axon terminals and electroplaque membranes are free of connective tissue envelopments. The membrane of the uninnervated surfaces forms a continuum with a dense canalicular network which penetrates deeply into the 7 micro thick electroplaques of the main organ. The canalicular network has about the same thickness in the 20 micro electroplaques of the accessory organ. Except for this difference, the two kinds of cells appear to have the same fine structure. This finding is discussed in relation to the electrophysiological data on functional differences.

巴西水雷电鱼(Narcine brasiliensis)有两个形态上截然不同的电器官(主和副),它们在许多电生理特性上也不同。这些器官的电斑的精细结构已经通过电子显微镜和组织化学方法进行了检查,以定位高分辨率的酯酶活性。在这两种电斑中,神经支配的表面(主器官的神经支配面为腹侧,副器官的神经支配面为背侧)是惟一具有酯酶活性的部位。后者进一步局限于含有囊泡的轴突终末和电斑膜之间的突触接触区域。突触装置与神经肌肉连接装置相似,但没有神经肌肉连接装置复杂。轴突终末和电斑膜没有结缔组织包膜。无神经支配表面的膜形成一个连续体,具有密集的管状网络,深入渗透到主要器官的7微厚电斑中。在副器官的20个微电斑中,管网的厚度大致相同。除了这种不同,这两种细胞似乎具有相同的精细结构。这一发现与功能差异的电生理数据有关。
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引用次数: 21
Histochemistry of the centrioles and centrosomes of the leukemic cells from human myeloblastic leukemia. 人成髓细胞白血病白血病细胞中心粒和中心体的组织化学研究。
Pub Date : 1961-12-01 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.11.3.717
G A ACKERMAN
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引用次数: 0
On the fine structure and composition of the nuclear envelope. 论核膜的精细结构和组成。
Pub Date : 1961-12-01 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.11.3.559
R W MERRIAM

Nuclei from nearly ripe eggs of Rana pipiens were isolated and cleaned in 0.1 M KCl. The whole nucleus was then digested to various degrees with ribonuclease or trypsin, followed by washing and fixation in either osmium tetroxide or potassium permanganate. The nuclear envelope was dissected off, placed on a grid, air dried, and compared with undigested controls in the electron microscope. Some envelopes were dehydrated, embedded in methacrylate, and sectioned. Annuli around "pores" are composed of a substance or substances, at least partially fibrillar, which is preserved by osmium but lost during permanganate fixation. Material within the "pores" is also preserved by osmium but partially lost after permanganate. No evidence of granules or tubules in the annuli was found in air dried mounts although a granular appearance could be seen in tangentially oriented thin sections. Thin sections of isolated envelopes give evidence of diffuse material within the "pores" as well as a more condensed diaphragm across their waists. In whole mounts of the envelope the total density within "pores" is relatively constant from "pore" to "pore." All material within "pores," including the condensed diaphragm, is removable by trypsin digestion. Wispy material from the "pore" structure projects into the nucleus and annular material extends into the cytoplasm. Both annular and diaphragm materials remain with the envelope when it is isolated and are thus considered a part of its structure, not merely evidences of material passing through. There is no evidence of ribonuclease-removable material in any part of the "pore" complex.

用0.1 M KCl对近成熟的库蚊卵进行核分离和清洗。然后用核糖核酸酶或胰蛋白酶对整个细胞核进行不同程度的消化,然后在四氧化二锇或高锰酸钾中洗涤和固定。核膜被解剖,放在网格上,风干,并在电子显微镜下与未消化的对照进行比较。一些信封脱水,包在甲基丙烯酸酯中,切片。“孔”周围的环空由一种或多种物质组成,至少部分是纤维状的,由锇保存,但在高锰酸盐固定过程中丢失。“孔隙”内的物质也被锇保存,但在高锰酸盐后部分丢失。在风干标本中未发现环空中颗粒或小管的证据,尽管在切向取向的薄切片中可以看到颗粒状外观。孤立包膜的薄片表明,“毛孔”内有弥漫性物质,腰上也有更密集的隔膜。在包膜的整个层中,“孔”内的总密度从“孔”到“孔”是相对恒定的。“毛孔”内的所有物质,包括压缩的隔膜,都可以通过胰蛋白酶消化去除。丝状物质从“孔”结构投射到细胞核中,环状物质延伸到细胞质中。环形材料和膜片材料在被隔离时仍留在外壳内,因此被认为是其结构的一部分,而不仅仅是材料穿过的证据。在“孔”复合体的任何部分都没有核糖核酸可去除物质的证据。
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引用次数: 75
Corpus intra cristam: a dense body within mitochondria of cells in hyperplastic mouse epidermis. 嵴内体:增生小鼠表皮细胞线粒体内的致密体。
Pub Date : 1961-12-01 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.11.3.724
J V FREI, H SHELDON
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引用次数: 50
Simple methods for "staining with lead" at high pH in electron microscopy. 在电子显微镜下用高pH值“铅染色”的简单方法。
Pub Date : 1961-12-01 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.11.3.729
M J KARNOVSKY
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引用次数: 1377
A radial component of central myelin sheaths. 髓鞘中央髓鞘的放射状组成部分。
Pub Date : 1961-12-01 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.11.3.733
A PETERS
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引用次数: 69
The use of specific antibody in electron microscopy. II. The visualization of mercury-labeled antibody in the electron microscope. 电子显微镜下特异性抗体的使用。2汞标记抗体在电子显微镜下的可视化。
Pub Date : 1961-12-01 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.11.3.521
F A PEPE, H FINCK

Glycerinated chicken muscle was stained with antimyosin antibody conjugated with mercury and fluorescein. The antibody was visualized in both the electron and the fluorescence microscope by using adjacent thin and thick sections. In order to make this possible, Araldite was used as the embedding medium. The mercury was reduced to metallic mercury in the electron beam and either migrated in the section or was sublimated in the vacuum. Therefore special techniques of carbon filming had to be used to prevent this. Some nonspecific staining occurred because of the binding of mercury to available sulfhydryl groups in the tissue. The available sulfhydryl groups were blocked by pretreating the tissue with iodoacetic acid and formaldehyde. The non-specific staining which occurred after this treatment was easily removed by brief washing with a buffered solution of thioglycolic acid.

用汞和荧光素偶联的抗肌球蛋白抗体对甘油化的鸡肌肉进行染色。利用相邻的薄切片和厚切片,在电子显微镜和荧光显微镜下可见抗体。为了使这成为可能,我们使用阿拉尔特作为包埋介质。汞在电子束中被还原为金属汞,并在截面中迁移或在真空中升华。因此,必须使用特殊的碳膜技术来防止这种情况。由于汞与组织中可用的巯基结合,出现了一些非特异性染色。可用的巯基通过碘乙酸和甲醛预处理组织阻断。这种处理后出现的非特异性染色很容易用巯基乙酸缓冲溶液短暂洗涤去除。
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引用次数: 41
CORRELATION OF THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE GASTRIC PARIETAL CELL (DOG) WITH FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE STOMACH. 犬胃壁细胞精细结构与胃功能活动的关系。
Pub Date : 1961-11-01 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.11.2.349
A W Sedar, M H Friedman

The fine structure of the parietal (oxyntic) cell in the gastric glands (corpus of the stomach) of the dog was examined under conditions of active gastric acid secretion and compared with cellular structure in the non-acid-secretory (basal) state. Animals, in both acute and chronic experiments, were equipped with gastric fistulae so that gastric juice could be collected for analysis of total acidity, free acidity, volume, and pH prior to biopsy of the gastric mucosa. The specimens of mucosa were fixed in buffered OsO(4) and embedded in n-butyl methacrylate and the thin sections were stained with lead hydroxide before examination in the electron microscope. A majority of parietal cells showed an alteration of fine structure during stimulation of gastric acid secretion by a number of different techniques (electrical vagal stimulation, histamine administration, or insulin injection). The changes in fine structure affected mainly the smooth surfaced vesicular elements and the intracellular canaliculi in the cytoplasm of the cell. The mitochondria also appeared to be involved to some extent. During acid secretion a greater concentration of smooth surface profiles is found adjacent to the walls of the intracellular canaliculi; other parietal cells exhibited a marked decrease in number of smooth surfaced elements. Intracellular canaliculi, always present in non-acid-secreting oxyntic cells, develop more extensively in cells of acid-secreting gastric glands. The surface area of these canaliculi is greatly increased by the elaboration of a large number of closely approximated and elongated microvilli. Still other parietal cells apparently in a different stage of the secretory cycle exhibit non-patent canaliculi lacking prominence; such cells have very few smooth surfaced vesicular elements. These morphological findings correlated with the acid-secretory state of the stomach provide evidence that the parietal cell participates in the process of acid secretion.

在胃酸分泌活跃的情况下,对犬胃腺(胃体)顶叶(氧合)细胞的精细结构进行了观察,并与非胃酸分泌(基础)状态下的细胞结构进行了比较。在急性和慢性实验中,动物都装有胃瘘管,以便在胃粘膜活检前收集胃液,分析总酸度、游离酸度、体积和pH值。粘膜标本用缓冲OsO(4)固定,用甲基丙烯酸正丁酯包埋,切片用氢氧化铅染色,电镜检查。在多种刺激胃酸分泌的方法(迷走神经电刺激、组胺或胰岛素注射)下,大多数壁细胞表现出精细结构的改变。精细结构的变化主要影响细胞质中表面光滑的囊泡成分和胞内小管。线粒体似乎也在一定程度上参与其中。在酸分泌过程中,在细胞内小管壁附近发现更高浓度的光滑表面轮廓;其他壁细胞表面光滑元素的数量明显减少。细胞内小管,通常存在于非分泌酸的氧合细胞中,在分泌酸的胃腺细胞中更广泛地发育。这些小管的表面积由于大量近似的和细长的微绒毛的形成而大大增加。还有一些壁细胞明显处于分泌周期的不同阶段,表现为小管未闭,缺乏突出;这种细胞表面光滑的囊泡成分很少。这些形态学发现与胃的泌酸状态相关,为壁细胞参与泌酸过程提供了证据。
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引用次数: 105
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The Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology
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