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2021 IEEE 24th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)最新文献

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GPS and IMU Fusion for Human Gait Estimation GPS和IMU融合用于人体步态估计
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9627008
J. J. Steckenrider, Brock Crawford, Penny Zheng
This paper proposes a framework for fusing information coming from an independent inertial measurement unit (IMU) and global positioning system (GPS) to deliver robust estimation of human gait. Because these two sensors provide very different kinds of data at different scales and frequencies, a novel approach which fuses global trajectory estimates and back-propagates this information to correct step vectors is put forth here. In several high-fidelity simulations, the proposed technique is shown to improve step estimation error up to 40% in comparison with an IMU-only approach. This work has implications for not only in-the-field biomechanics research, but also cooperative field robotic systems where it may be critical to accurately monitor a person’s position and state in real-time.
本文提出了一种融合独立惯性测量单元(IMU)和全球定位系统(GPS)信息的框架,以实现对人体步态的鲁棒估计。由于这两种传感器在不同的尺度和频率下提供了非常不同的数据,因此提出了一种融合全局轨迹估计并反向传播该信息以校正阶跃向量的新方法。在一些高保真仿真中,与仅使用imu的方法相比,所提出的技术可将步长估计误差提高40%。这项工作不仅对现场生物力学研究有意义,而且对协作式现场机器人系统也有意义,在这些系统中,准确实时监测人的位置和状态可能至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
Combining LSTM and MDN Networks for traffic forecasting using the Argoverse Dataset 结合LSTM和MDN网络使用Argoverse数据集进行流量预测
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9627009
David Schwab, Sean M. O’Rourke, Breton L. Minnehan
Trajectory forecasting is vital to target tracking, autonomous decision making, and other fields critical to the future of autonomous systems. Tracking algorithms, such as the Kalman Filter, require accurate motion models in order to forecast target trajectories and update state estimates given observation data. Unfortunately, accurate motion models are not always easily de- fined. Of particular interest is forecasting in systems with complex agent-to-agent and agent-to-scene interactions, which are often best represented as a multimodal distribution. Various network architectures tackle this multimodal problem in different ways, but the method used in this work is a mixture density network. The network architecture examined in this work, LSTM2MDN, builds off previous research in combining the renowned long- short term memory (LSTM) network with a mixture density network (MDN) in order to develop accurate distributions for output trajectories.
轨迹预测对于目标跟踪、自主决策以及其他对未来自主系统至关重要的领域至关重要。跟踪算法,如卡尔曼滤波,需要精确的运动模型来预测目标轨迹和更新给定观测数据的状态估计。不幸的是,精确的运动模型并不总是容易定义的。特别感兴趣的是具有复杂代理对代理和代理对场景交互的系统的预测,这些交互通常最好表示为多模态分布。不同的网络架构以不同的方式解决这个多模态问题,但在这项工作中使用的方法是混合密度网络。在这项工作中研究的网络架构LSTM2MDN建立在之前的研究基础上,该研究将著名的长短期记忆(LSTM)网络与混合密度网络(MDN)相结合,以便为输出轨迹开发准确的分布。
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引用次数: 0
Wide-Area Multistatic Sonar Tracking 广域多声纳跟踪
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626888
S. Coraluppi, C. Carthel, R. Prengaman
Sensors with poor bearing resolution pose a significant challenge for multi-target tracking, as cross-range error becomes very large at long ranges. While multi-sensor fusion provides benefit towards higher-precision tracking, there are two key difficulties to confront. The first is to address measurement association ambiguities, which we address via advanced multiple-hypothesis tracking. The second is to perform robust track initialization and filtering, which we achieve via a two-point filter initialization approach followed by (sequential) extended Kalman filtering. In the specific context of active sonar tracking, the impact of finite sound speed poses an additional challenge. Addressing this requires a generalized MHT solution that accounts for measurement-specific time stamps and allows for out-of-sequence measurement processing. The enhancements discussed in this paper yield a robust capability for wide-area multistatic sonar tracking.
低方位分辨率的传感器对多目标跟踪提出了严峻的挑战,因为在远距离下,传感器的跨距误差会变得非常大。虽然多传感器融合为高精度跟踪提供了好处,但存在两个关键困难。首先是解决测量关联的模糊性,我们通过先进的多假设跟踪来解决这个问题。其次是执行鲁棒轨迹初始化和滤波,我们通过两点滤波器初始化方法和(顺序)扩展卡尔曼滤波来实现。在主动声纳跟踪的特定环境中,有限声速的影响带来了额外的挑战。解决这个问题需要一个通用的MHT解决方案,该解决方案考虑特定于测量的时间戳,并允许乱序测量处理。本文所讨论的改进使其具有强大的广域多声纳跟踪能力。
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引用次数: 1
Deterministic Gaussian Sampling With Generalized Fibonacci Grids
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626975
Daniel Frisch, U. Hanebeck
We propose a simple and efficient method to obtain unweighted deterministic samples of the multivariate Gaussian density. It allows to place a large number of homogeneously placed samples even in high-dimensional spaces. There is a demand for large high-quality sample sets in many nonlinear filters. The Smart Sampling Kalman Filter (S2KF), for example, uses many samples and is an extension of the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) that is limited due to its small sample set. Generalized Fibonacci grids have the property that if stretched or compressed along certain directions, the grid points keep approximately equal distances to all their neighbors. This can be exploited to easily obtain deterministic samples of arbitrary Gaussians. As the computational effort to generate these anisotropically scalable point sets is low, generalized Fibonacci grid sampling appears to be a great new source of large sample sets in high-quality state estimation.
我们提出了一种简单有效的方法来获取多元高斯密度的非加权确定性样本。它允许放置大量均匀放置的样品,即使在高维空间。在许多非线性滤波器中都需要大质量的样本集。例如,智能采样卡尔曼滤波器(S2KF)使用许多样本,并且是Unscented卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)的扩展,由于其小样本集而受到限制。广义斐波那契网格具有这样的性质:如果沿着某个方向拉伸或压缩,网格点与所有相邻点保持近似相等的距离。这可以很容易地获得任意高斯函数的确定性样本。由于生成这些各向异性可扩展点集的计算量很低,因此广义斐波那契网格采样似乎是高质量状态估计中大样本集的一个重要新来源。
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引用次数: 3
Cognitive Active Sonar Tracking for Optimum Performance in Clutter 杂波环境下认知主动声纳跟踪的最佳性能
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9627029
D. Grimmett, D. Abraham, Ricki Alberto
In this paper, a "cognitive" active sonar tracking algorithm is described, and results of its application to data from the LCAS’15 sea trial are shown. A key factor in tracker performance is the scheme used for track initiation and termination. A very common track initiation algorithm (TIA) is the sliding M-of-N processor, however, the tuning of its parameters can be difficult. It is often heuristic and sub-optimum, in achieving both good tracking performance of true targets as well as controlling the false track rate (FTR) for a desired sonar Pd/Pfa operating point. This is of particular concern for clutter-rich reverberation-limited undersea acoustic environments, where the false-alarm rates are high. The algorithm utilizes available in-situ data to estimate the statistics of the encountered clutter, and then optimizes tracker performance to meet specified operational levels. The adaptive algorithm is shown to effectively control the false track rate. The algorithm has potential to cognitively self-tune its operations for optimum performance.
本文描述了一种“认知”主动声呐跟踪算法,并给出了该算法在LCAS’15海试数据中的应用结果。跟踪器性能的一个关键因素是用于跟踪启动和终止的方案。一种非常常见的航迹起始算法(TIA)是滑动M-of-N处理器,然而,其参数的调整可能很困难。它通常是启发式的和次优的,既要实现良好的真目标跟踪性能,又要控制期望声纳Pd/Pfa工作点的误迹率(FTR)。这对于杂波丰富的混响有限的海底声学环境尤其值得关注,因为那里的误报率很高。该算法利用现有的原位数据估计遇到杂波的统计量,然后优化跟踪器的性能以满足指定的操作水平。结果表明,自适应算法能有效地控制误航迹率。该算法有可能在认知上自我调整其操作以获得最佳性能。
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引用次数: 1
Uncertainty-Aware Recurrent Encoder-Decoder Networks for Vessel Trajectory Prediction 船舶轨迹预测的不确定性感知循环编码器-解码器网络
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626839
Samuele Capobianco, N. Forti, L. Millefiori, P. Braca, P. Willett
In this paper, we propose a deep learning framework for sequence-to-sequence vessel trajectory prediction based on encoder-decoder recurrent neural networks to learn the predictive distribution of maritime patterns from historical Automatic Identification System data and sequentially generate future trajectory estimates given previous observations. Special focus is given on modeling the predictive uncertainty of future estimates arising from the inherent non-deterministic nature of maritime traffic. An attention-based aggregation layer connects the encoder and decoder networks and captures space-time dependencies in sequential data. Experimental results on trajectories from the Danish Maritime Authority dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed attention-based deep learning model for vessel prediction and show how uncertainty estimates can prove to be extremely informative of the prediction error.
在本文中,我们提出了一个基于编码器-解码器递归神经网络的序列到序列船舶轨迹预测的深度学习框架,以从历史自动识别系统数据中学习海事模式的预测分布,并根据先前的观测结果顺序生成未来的轨迹估计。特别着重于对海上交通固有的不确定性所引起的未来估计的预测不确定性进行建模。基于注意力的聚合层连接编码器和解码器网络,并捕获顺序数据中的时空依赖关系。来自丹麦海事管理局数据集的轨迹实验结果证明了所提出的基于注意力的深度学习模型用于船舶预测的有效性,并显示了不确定性估计如何被证明是预测误差的极其重要的信息。
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引用次数: 11
Localization and Tracking of High-speed Trains Using Compressed Sensing Based 5G Localization Algorithms 基于压缩感知的5G定位算法的高速列车定位与跟踪
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626875
M. Trivedi, J. V. Wyk
Complex systems are in place for the localization and tracking of High-speed Trains. These methods tend to perform poorly under certain conditions. Localization using 5G infrastructure has been considered as an alternative solution for the positioning of trains in previous studies. However, these studies only consider localization using Time Difference of Arrival measurements or using Time of Arrival and Angle of Departure measurements. In this paper an alternate compressed sensing based 5G localization method is considered for this problem. The proposed algorithm, paired with an Extended Kalman Filter, is implemented and tested on a 3GPP specified high s peed train scenario. Sub-meter localization accuracy was achieved using 4-6 Remote-Radio-Heads, while an accuracy of 0.34 m with 95% availability is achieved when using 2 Remote-Radio-Heads. The achieved performance meets 3GPP specified requirement for machine control and transportation even when using 2 Remote-Radio-Heads.
用于高速列车定位和跟踪的复杂系统已经到位。这些方法在某些条件下往往表现不佳。在之前的研究中,利用5G基础设施进行定位被认为是列车定位的另一种解决方案。然而,这些研究仅使用到达时差测量或使用到达时间和出发角测量来考虑定位。本文考虑了一种基于压缩感知的5G定位方法。该算法与扩展卡尔曼滤波相结合,在3GPP高速列车场景中进行了实现和测试。使用4-6个remote - radio - head可实现亚米级定位精度,而使用2个remote - radio - head可实现0.34 m的精度和95%的可用性。即使使用2个remote - radio - head,也能满足3GPP对机器控制和运输的要求。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of recycling performance in Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture filters 泊松-伯努利混合过滤器循环性能分析
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626873
Xingxiang Xie, Yang Wang
In a multi-target tracking (MTT) scenario, the computational cost of usual Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter will rise rapidly as the increasing number of global hypotheses. In order to lower computational cost, this paper presents to apply recycling algorithm to PMBM filter. The proposed method is done by recycling Bernoulli components which are less than a fixed threshold, approximate them as Poisson point process (PPP), thus add the intensity to the undetected PPP intensity. In the numerical experiment, we apply recycling algorithm to PMBM, Poisson multi-Bernoulli (PMB) and multi-Bernoulli mixture (MBM), respectively. The result shows that the Bernoulli recycling algorithm leads to lower computational cost in a simulated scenario.
在多目标跟踪(MTT)场景中,通常的泊松-伯努利混合(PMBM)滤波器的计算量会随着全局假设数量的增加而迅速增加。为了降低计算成本,本文提出将回收算法应用于PMBM滤波器。该方法通过回收小于固定阈值的伯努利分量,将其近似为泊松点过程(PPP),从而将强度添加到未检测到的PPP强度中。在数值实验中,我们分别将循环算法应用于PMBM、泊松-多伯努利(PMB)和多伯努利混合(MBM)。仿真结果表明,伯努利循环算法具有较低的计算成本。
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引用次数: 3
Securing the D istributed Kalman Filter Against Curious Agents D分布卡尔曼滤波器对好奇代理的保护
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9627034
Ashkan Moradi, Naveen K. D. Venkategowda, S. Talebi, Stefan Werner
Distributed filtering techniques have emerged as the dominant and most prolific class of filters used in modern monitoring and surveillance applications, such as smart grids. As these techniques rely on information sharing among agents, user privacy and information security have become a focus of concern. In this manuscript, a privacy-preserving distributed Kalman filter (PP-DKF) is derived that maintains privacy by decomposing the information into public and private substates, where only a perturbed version of the public substate is shared among neighbors. The derived PP-DKF provides privacy by restricting the amount of information exchanged with state decomposition and conceals private information by injecting a carefully designed perturbation sequence. A thorough analysis is performed to characterize the privacy-accuracy trade-offs involved in the distributed filter, with privacy defined as the mean squared estimation error of the private information at the honest-but-curious agent. The resulting PP-DKF improves the overall filtering performance and privacy of all agents compared to distributed Kalman filters employing contemporary privacy-preserving average consensus techniques. Several simulation examples corroborate the theoretical results.
分布式滤波技术已经成为现代监测和监视应用(如智能电网)中使用的主要和最多产的一类滤波器。由于这些技术依赖于代理之间的信息共享,用户隐私和信息安全成为人们关注的焦点。在本文中,推导了一个保护隐私的分布式卡尔曼滤波器(PP-DKF),该滤波器通过将信息分解为公共和私有子状态来维护隐私,其中只有公共子状态的扰动版本在邻居之间共享。衍生的PP-DKF通过限制状态分解交换的信息量来提供隐私,并通过注入精心设计的扰动序列来隐藏隐私信息。对分布式过滤器中涉及的隐私-准确性权衡进行了彻底的分析,将隐私定义为诚实但好奇的代理的隐私信息的均方估计误差。与采用当代隐私保护平均共识技术的分布式卡尔曼滤波器相比,所得PP-DKF提高了所有代理的整体过滤性能和隐私性。仿真算例验证了理论结果。
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of Discrete and Continuous State Estimation with Focus on Active Flux Scheme 离散状态估计与连续状态估计的比较——以有源磁链方案为重点
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626836
Jakub Matousek, J. Duník, M. Brandner, V. Elvira
This paper deals with the state estimation of non-linear stochastic dynamic systems, both continuous and discrete in time, with an emphasis on a numerical solution to the Bayesian relations by the point-mass filters. The filters for discrete-discrete and continuous-discrete state-space models are reviewed and a new highly accurate and fast active flux method is introduced and adapted for a continuous filter design. A wide set of the point-mass filters is compared in a numerical study together with a set of particle filters.
本文研究了连续和离散非线性随机动力系统的状态估计问题,重点讨论了用点质量滤波器对贝叶斯关系的数值解。回顾了离散-离散和连续-离散状态空间模型的滤波器,提出了一种新的高精度、快速的有源通量法,并将其应用于连续滤波器的设计。在数值研究中比较了一组广泛的点质量滤波器和一组粒子滤波器。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2021 IEEE 24th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)
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