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2021 IEEE 24th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)最新文献

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Handling Traceability in Graph Fusion for a Trustworthy Framework 基于可信框架的图融合可追溯性处理
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9627035
Charlotte Jacobé de Naurois, C. Laudy
We previously developped InSyTo, a framework for soft and semantic information fusion and management relying on the conceptual graph formalism and ontologies. This framework was used in many projects. However, if the framework was well received by end-users, they highlighted an urgent need for traceability within the soft information fusion process. In this paper we propose an approach to provide traceability built-in capabilities to InSyTo. The approach relies on the use of conceptual graphs in order to express the history of each elementary piece of information as a lineage graph. The lineage graph contains all the historical information concerning the initial sources of each elementary information item, as well as the fusion operations that were applied on them. The main advantage of this new development is the ability of having a trustworthy framework and thus let the end-users know what, why and how somethings happens during the information process.
我们之前开发了InSyTo,这是一个基于概念图形式化和本体的软信息和语义信息融合和管理框架。这个框架在许多项目中使用。然而,如果最终用户很好地接受了该框架,他们强调了在软信息融合过程中对可追溯性的迫切需求。在本文中,我们提出了一种为InSyTo提供可追溯性内置功能的方法。该方法依赖于概念图的使用,以便将每个基本信息片段的历史表示为谱系图。谱系图包含有关每个基本信息项的初始来源的所有历史信息,以及应用于它们的融合操作。这种新开发的主要优点是能够拥有一个值得信赖的框架,从而让最终用户知道在信息处理过程中发生了什么、为什么发生以及如何发生。
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引用次数: 0
Improving the performance of Transformer Context Encoders for NER 改进面向NER的变压器上下文编码器的性能
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9627061
Avi Chawla, Nidhi Mulay, Vikas Bishnoi, Gaurav Dhama
Large Transformer based models have provided state-of-the-art results on a variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. While these Transformer models perform exceptionally well on a wide range of NLP tasks, their usage in Sequence Labeling has been mostly muted. Although pretrained Transformer models such as BERT and XLNet have been successfully employed as input representation, the use of the Transformer model as a context encoder for sequence labeling is still minimal, and most recent works still use recurrent architecture as the context encoder. In this paper, we compare the performance of the Transformer and Recurrent architecture as context encoders on the Named Entity Recognition (NER) task. We vary the character-level representation module from the previously proposed NER models in literature and show how the modification can improve the NER model’s performance. We also explore data augmentation as a method for enhancing their performance. Experimental results on three NER datasets show that our proposed techniques established a new state-of-the-art using the Transformer Encoder over the previously proposed models in the literature using only non-contextualized embeddings.
基于大型变压器的模型已经在各种自然语言处理(NLP)任务上提供了最先进的结果。虽然这些Transformer模型在广泛的NLP任务上表现得非常好,但它们在序列标记中的使用却很少。尽管像BERT和XLNet这样的预训练的Transformer模型已经被成功地用作输入表示,但是Transformer模型作为序列标记的上下文编码器的使用仍然很少,并且最近的工作仍然使用循环架构作为上下文编码器。在本文中,我们比较了Transformer和Recurrent架构作为上下文编码器在命名实体识别(NER)任务中的性能。我们将字符级表示模块与文献中先前提出的NER模型进行了修改,并展示了修改如何提高NER模型的性能。我们还将探索数据增强作为提高其性能的方法。在三个NER数据集上的实验结果表明,我们提出的技术使用变压器编码器在文献中仅使用非上下文嵌入的先前提出的模型上建立了一个新的最先进的技术。
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引用次数: 1
A Gaussian-inverse Gamma mixture Distributions and Expectation-Maximization Based Robust Kalman Filter 基于期望最大化的高斯-逆伽玛混合分布鲁棒卡尔曼滤波
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626831
Hongpo Fu, Yong-mei Cheng, Cheng Cheng
In the study of the state estimation for the systems with unknown time-varying non-Gaussian noises, the existing robust Kalman filters (RKFs) perform well. However, the calculation loads of these RKFs usually are large and their performance is easily affected by the roughly preselected initial process noise covariance matrix (PNCM). To solve the problems, a new RKF is proposed. Firstly, a Gaussian-inverse Gamma mixture distribution is developed to model the inaccurate noises and a simple hierarchical Gaussian (HG) model is constructed. Then, the expectation-maximization (EM) method is applied to realize the adaptive adjustment of the prior scale matrix of the prediction error covariance. Based on the HG model and EM, a robust KF is derived, where the variational Bayesian (VB) approach is used to jointly estimate model parameters and an alternate iteration method is employed to reduce the computation time. Finally, our filter performance is tested. Compared with the existing state-of-the-art robust filters, the proposed filter has slightly better estimation accuracy and significantly less computation load. Meanwhile, the filter performance is almost not affected by the selection accuracy of initial PNCM.
在含未知时变非高斯噪声系统的状态估计研究中,已有的鲁棒卡尔曼滤波器(RKFs)表现良好。然而,这些RKFs的计算负荷通常很大,并且其性能容易受到粗略预选的初始过程噪声协方差矩阵(PNCM)的影响。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种新的RKF。首先,采用高斯-逆伽玛混合分布模型对不准确噪声进行建模,并建立了简单的层次高斯模型。然后,应用期望最大化(EM)方法实现预测误差协方差先验尺度矩阵的自适应调整。在HG模型和EM的基础上,采用变分贝叶斯(VB)方法联合估计模型参数,采用交替迭代法减少计算时间,推导出鲁棒KF模型。最后,对该滤波器的性能进行了测试。与现有的鲁棒滤波器相比,该滤波器的估计精度略高,计算量明显减少。同时,滤波器的性能几乎不受初始PNCM选择精度的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Filtering and sensor optimization applied to angle-only navigation 滤波和传感器优化在纯角度导航中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626988
C. Musso, F. Dambreville, C. Chahbazian
Passive target estimation is a widely investigated problem of practical interest for which particle filters represent a popular class of methods. We propose an adaptation of the Laplace Particle Filter applied to angle-only navigation using landmarks. In this specific context, a high number of aiding landmarks or features could be hard to handle in terms of computational cost. Hence, this paper introduces a Cross-entropy algorithm that selects landmarks having a high contribution to the state estimation. This parsimonious approach reduces the resources required for navigation systems while holding a good accuracy. These methods are discussed through numerical results on an Angle-only navigation scenario.
被动目标估计是一个被广泛研究的实用问题,其中粒子滤波是一类受欢迎的方法。我们提出了一种拉普拉斯粒子滤波的改进方法,应用于使用地标的纯角度导航。在这种情况下,大量的辅助标志或特征在计算成本方面可能很难处理。因此,本文引入了一种交叉熵算法,选择对状态估计有较大贡献的地标。这种节约的方法减少了导航系统所需的资源,同时保持了良好的精度。通过在纯角度导航场景下的数值结果对这些方法进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Track-before-detect Bernoulli filters for combining passive and active sensors 结合无源和有源传感器的检测前跟踪伯努利滤波器
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626922
M. J. Ransom, M. Hernandez, J. Ralph, S. Maskell
This paper is concerned with the implementation of track-before-detect (TkBD) algorithms for a range of single-target multi-sensor scenarios with only intermittently visible targets. Visible targets generate measurements from sensors characterised by data rate and clutter density. Bernoulli filters implementing multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) strategies are deployed to infer both the target location and existence probability. Various Bernoulli filter configurations are compared, including integrated probabilistic data association filters (IPDAF) and integrated expected likelihood particle filters (IELPF) using both prior and Gaussian mixture proposal distributions for the latter. Performance is evaluated against the clutter density in scenarios featuring one low data rate active sensor or two sensors, complimenting the former with a high data rate passive sensor with opposing measurement resolutions. The performance measures used are the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, localisation root mean squared error (RMSE) compared with the posterior Cramér-Rao lower bound (PCRLB), and computation time. Simulation results show that Kalman filters provide an effective solution at low computational expense in less cluttered and comparatively easy scenarios, whereas particle filters implementing Gaussian mixture proposal distributions provide performance benefits relative to computational costs as scenarios become more cluttered and comparatively challenging.
本文研究了一种针对间歇可见目标的单目标多传感器场景的检测前跟踪算法的实现。可见目标由数据速率和杂波密度特征的传感器产生测量值。采用多假设跟踪(MHT)策略的伯努利滤波器来推断目标位置和存在概率。比较了不同的伯努利滤波器配置,包括综合概率数据关联滤波器(IPDAF)和综合期望似然粒子滤波器(IELPF),前者使用先验和高斯混合建议分布。在具有一个低数据速率有源传感器或两个传感器的情况下,用一个具有相反测量分辨率的高数据速率无源传感器来补充前者,根据杂波密度对性能进行评估。使用的性能指标是接收者工作特征(ROC)曲线下的面积,与后验cram - rao下界(PCRLB)相比的定位均方根误差(RMSE)和计算时间。仿真结果表明,在混乱程度较低且相对容易的场景下,卡尔曼滤波器以较低的计算成本提供了有效的解决方案,而在混乱程度较高且相对具有挑战性的场景下,实现高斯混合建议分布的粒子滤波器提供了相对于计算成本的性能优势。
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引用次数: 0
Counting Technique versus Single-Time Test for Track-to-Track Association 赛道对赛道关联的计数技术与单次测试
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626911
Jonas Åsnes Sagild, Audun Gullikstad Hem, E. Brekke
Standard hypothesis tests for track-to-track association depend on the state estimates and covariances of the individual tracks. Unfortunately, covariances are not always available from the individual tracking systems. An alternative approach that can be used in such cases is a counting technique, where the number of good matches is used as a test statistic. In this paper, we compare the counting technique with a conventional hypothesis test in simulations for a fusion system designed to fuse maritime radar tracks with tracks from the automatic identification system. Since the data association of the radar tracking system inevitably makes it nontrivial to decide on a ground truth, we also propose a ground truth assessment scheme using a sliding window approach. The results indicate that the counting technique performs at par with the hypothesis test under certain tracking conditions. If an initialization time of several seconds is allowed, the counting technique may under certain conditions outperform the hypothesis test in terms of true-positive rate and false-positive rate.
轨道到轨道关联的标准假设检验依赖于单个轨道的状态估计和协方差。不幸的是,个体跟踪系统的协方差并不总是可用的。在这种情况下可以使用的另一种方法是计数技术,其中使用良好匹配的数量作为测试统计量。在本文中,我们比较了计数技术与传统假设检验的融合系统的仿真设计,以融合海事雷达航迹与自动识别系统的航迹。由于雷达跟踪系统的数据关联不可避免地使地面真值的确定变得困难,我们还提出了一种使用滑动窗口方法的地面真值评估方案。结果表明,在一定的跟踪条件下,计数技术的效果与假设检验相当。如果允许几秒的初始化时间,计数技术在某些条件下在真阳性率和假阳性率方面可能优于假设检验。
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引用次数: 4
An IMM-Enabled Adaptive 3D Multi-Object Tracker for Autonomous Driving 一种支持imm的自动驾驶自适应3D多目标跟踪器
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626913
Peng Liu, Z. Duan
3D multi-object tracking (MOT) is a crucial part in the field of autonomous driving. Thanks to the recent advances in deep-learning-based detector, tracking-by-detection paradigm has become popular in 3D MOT, which consists of a front-end object detector and a back-end tracker. However, most existing methods only focus on the performance on particular data sets, ignoring the adaptiveness of the tracking algorithm to dynamically changing driving environment. Based on this, we design an adaptive 3D MOT algorithm, which can adapt its behavior to the complex changing environments in real driving scenarios. The system first utilizes a pre-trained 3D detector to produce the observations (detections) for the current frame. Then, a state estimator based on interacting multiple model (IMM), which takes the statistics of the data set into account and switches its state dynamically, provides the adaptive state estimation for target tracking. Experiments show that our algorithm can improve the performance of single-model-based methods, and adapt its behavior dynamically on nuScenes data set.
三维多目标跟踪(MOT)是自动驾驶领域的一个重要组成部分。由于基于深度学习的检测器的最新进展,由前端对象检测器和后端跟踪器组成的检测跟踪模式在3D MOT中变得流行起来。然而,大多数现有方法只关注特定数据集上的性能,忽略了跟踪算法对动态变化的驾驶环境的自适应能力。在此基础上,我们设计了一种自适应的3D MOT算法,该算法能够适应真实驾驶场景中复杂多变的环境。该系统首先利用预训练的3D探测器对当前帧进行观测(检测)。然后,基于交互多模型(IMM)的状态估计器考虑了数据集的统计量并动态切换其状态,为目标跟踪提供了自适应状态估计。实验表明,该算法可以提高基于单一模型的方法的性能,并能在nuScenes数据集上动态调整其行为。
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引用次数: 0
Forecasting pharmacy purchases orders 预测药房采购订单
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9627017
B. K. Almentero, Jiye Li, C. Besse
Inventory represents the largest asset in pharmacy products distribution. Forecasting pharmacy purchases is essential to keep an effective stock balancing supply and demand besides minimizing costs. In this work, we investigate how to forecast product purchases for a pharmaceutical distributor. The data contains inventory sale histories for more than 10 thousand active products during the past 15 years. We discuss challenges on data preprocessing of the pharmacy data including cleaning, feature constructions and selections, as well as processing data during the COVID period. We experimented on different machine learning and deep learning neural network models to predict future purchases for each product, including classical Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), Prophet from Facebook, linear regression, Random Forest, XGBoost and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). We demonstrate that a carefully designed SARIMA model outperformed the others on the task, and weekly prediction models perform better than daily predictions.
库存是药品流通中最大的资产。预测药品采购是必要的,以保持有效的库存平衡供需,除了最大限度地降低成本。在这项工作中,我们研究了如何预测药品经销商的产品采购。这些数据包含了过去15年中超过1万种活跃产品的库存销售历史。我们讨论了新冠肺炎期间药房数据预处理面临的挑战,包括清洗、特征构建和选择以及数据处理。我们尝试了不同的机器学习和深度学习神经网络模型来预测每种产品的未来购买,包括经典的季节性自回归综合移动平均(SARIMA)、Facebook的Prophet、线性回归、随机森林、XGBoost和长短期记忆(LSTM)。我们证明了精心设计的SARIMA模型在任务上优于其他模型,并且每周预测模型比每日预测模型表现更好。
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引用次数: 3
Accelerated Design of a Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance Wireless Power Transfer 共形强耦合磁共振无线电力传输的加速设计
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626981
Makhetha Molefi, E. Markus, A. Abu-Mahfouz
A Conformal Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (CSCMR) wireless power transfer (WPT) system is a small footprint technology suitable for applications such as small low power sensors and implantable medical devices. These applications require specific WPT systems with certain physical dimensions that complement the size of the device. The design of these systems can be complex and require intense computational resources and long simulation times to conceptualise the optimal WPT system. This paper discusses the system architecture for CSCMR-WPT model. A quicker mathematical analysis to estimate the optimal CSCMR-WPT resonator loops and source/load loops is shown. The results confirm that this method can lead to quicker conceptualisation of a WPT model.
共形强耦合磁共振(CSCMR)无线电力传输(WPT)系统占地面积小,适用于小型低功耗传感器和植入式医疗设备等应用。这些应用需要具有特定物理尺寸的特定WPT系统,以补充设备的尺寸。这些系统的设计可能是复杂的,需要大量的计算资源和长时间的模拟来概念化最佳的WPT系统。本文讨论了CSCMR-WPT模型的系统体系结构。给出了一种快速的数学分析方法来估计最佳的CSCMR-WPT谐振器回路和源/负载回路。结果证实,这种方法可以导致更快的概念化WPT模型。
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引用次数: 2
Multi-Criteria Information Fusion for Storm Prediction Based on Belief Functions 基于信念函数的风暴预报多准则信息融合
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.23919/fusion49465.2021.9626835
J. Dezert, A. Bouchard, M. Buguet
The objective of this paper is to present a general methodology for storm risk assessment and prediction based on several physical criteria thanks to the belief functions framework to deal with conflicting meteorological information. For this, we adapt the Soft ELECTRE TRI (SET) approach to this storm context and we show how to use it on outputs of atmospheric forecast model, given an estimate of the state of the atmosphere in a future time. This work could also serve as a benchmark for other methods dealing with multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) support and conflicting information fusion.
本文的目的是提出一种基于几种物理标准的风暴风险评估和预测的一般方法,这要感谢信念函数框架来处理相互冲突的气象信息。为此,我们将Soft ELECTRE TRI (SET)方法应用于该风暴背景,并展示了如何在给定未来大气状态估计的情况下将其用于大气预测模型的输出。该工作也可以为其他处理多准则决策支持和冲突信息融合的方法提供参考。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2021 IEEE 24th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION)
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