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Introduction: The Contemporary Relevance of Vilém Flusser 引言:维尔姆·弗卢瑟的当代意义
Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231168552
Anita Jóri, M. Hartmann
In this article, we introduce Vilém Flusser’s theoretical trajectory from the philosophy of language and multilingualism to communication and media theory. Our focus lies on his works Kommunikologie [ Communicology] and Kommunikologie weiter denken [ Thinking Communicology Further]. Kommunikologie, which was written in Flusser’s mid-career in the 1970s, but only published in the 1990s, consists of a set of articles and lectures and offers, among other notions, a great distinction between dialogue and discourse. The article takes this differentiation and explains its advantages and limitations. This leads to the introduction of the concept of algorithmic mediation as a ‘communicological’ take on current media developments. This also allows us to return to Flusser’s question about the disappearing home and the need for windows to the world. We hence offer a combination of different aspects of his work less as a tool for the analysis of current developments than as a call for action.
本文介绍了维尔姆·弗卢瑟从语言哲学和多语主义到传播学和媒介理论的理论轨迹。我们的重点是他的《传播学》和《进一步思考传播学》。《共产主义》写于20世纪70年代,写作生涯中期,但直到20世纪90年代才出版。该书由一系列文章和讲座组成,提出了对话和话语之间的重大区别。本文以此为基础,阐述了其优势和局限性。这导致引入算法调解的概念,作为当前媒体发展的“传播学”。这也让我们回到弗卢瑟关于消失的家和对世界之窗的需求的问题。因此,我们把他的工作的不同方面结合起来,与其说是作为分析当前事态发展的工具,不如说是作为一种行动呼吁。
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引用次数: 0
Coloniality and the State: Race, Nation and Dependency 殖民与国家:种族、民族与依附
Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/02632764221151126
Walter D. Mignolo, Fábio Santino Bussmann
It is of concern that, until now, Western and Southern theories have not been able to provide a full conceptual understanding of the complicity of the elites and states of former colonies outside the West with the political domination they suffer from their Western counterparts. Decolonial thought, by exploring global epistemic designs, can fully explain such political dependency, which, for Aníbal Quijano, results from the local elites’ goal to racially identify with their Western peers (self-humanization), obstructing local nationalization. We explore why the racially dehumanized local elites believe they can humanize themselves. Our claim is that this happens because of modernity’s pretense that everyone can become civilized and, thereby, human, hiding the fact that hu(man)s are only heterosexual men that are simultaneously Western, white and Christian. Only by focusing on the enunciation of Western knowledge, instead of on its enunciated content, can we make that argument.
值得关注的是,到目前为止,西方和南方的理论还不能对西方以外的前殖民地的精英和国家与西方同行的政治统治的共谋提供一个完整的概念性理解。通过对全球认知设计的探索,去殖民主义思想可以充分解释这种政治依赖,对于Aníbal Quijano来说,这种政治依赖源于当地精英的目标,即与西方同行进行种族认同(自我人性化),从而阻碍了当地的民族化。我们探讨了为什么种族非人化的地方精英认为他们可以人性化自己。我们的主张是,这种情况之所以发生,是因为现代性的伪装,即每个人都可以变得文明,从而成为人类,掩盖了这样一个事实,即胡(人)只是同时是西方人、白人和基督徒的异性恋男性。只有把重点放在对西方知识的阐述上,而不是其阐述的内容上,我们才能得出这样的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Field Theory and Assemblage Theory: Toward a Constructive Dialogue 场理论与集合理论:走向建设性对话
Pub Date : 2023-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231167774
W. Atkinson
This paper engages with Manuel DeLanda’s Deleuze-inspired ‘assemblage theory’ from a perspective sympathetic to Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. It first outlines DeLanda’s proposed new ‘philosophy of society’, focusing on his major works in this vein, and registers some scepticism as to its originality for sociology. It then introduces and responds to DeLanda’s critique of Bourdieu. Rather than simply reject assemblage theory outright, however, I draw on selected insights from DeLanda to push field theory in new directions. More specifically, I conceptualise the interplay of fields and assemblages and use notions of ‘exteriority’ and ‘possibility space’ to help conceive individual plurality of social positioning and its effects for subjectivity and practice.
本文从赞同皮埃尔·布迪厄场论的角度探讨了曼努埃尔·德兰达的德勒兹启发的“集合理论”。它首先概述了德兰达提出的新“社会哲学”,重点关注他在这方面的主要作品,并对其对社会学的原创性提出了一些怀疑。然后介绍并回应了德兰达对布迪厄的批评。然而,我并不是简单地拒绝集合理论,而是借鉴了德兰达的一些见解,将场理论推向了新的方向。更具体地说,我将场域和集合的相互作用概念化,并使用“外部性”和“可能性空间”的概念来帮助构思社会定位的个体多元性及其对主体性和实践的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Vilém Flusser’s What If? On Designing Radical Futures 维尔姆·弗卢瑟的《如果?》关于设计激进的未来
Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231168582
Anke Finger
While Vilém Flusser’s writings on (media) philosophy and communication have found a wide readership across the globe, another ‘Flusser’ has been present all along, interwoven perhaps, namely that of the ‘obsessive futurologist’. Flusser, the futurologist, does not only imagine or predict media-technological universes unfolding with, among, and for us, but he, in his insistence that ‘communication is anthropology’, also imagines scenarios of possible worlds to come. In his little-known book Angenommen: Eine Szenenfolge (1989), available in English translation as What If? Twenty-Two Scenarios in Search of Images (2023), he designs sketches of an Anthropocene fraught with nightmares and wonders. What If? offers insight into the radical futures of a slipstream Anthropocene that have to do with speculative design, with Flusser’s concept of design as ‘crafty’ or slippery, and with art and the immense creative potential of failure versus reasonable, ‘good’ computing or calculability.
虽然维尔姆·弗卢瑟关于(媒体)哲学和传播的著作在全球范围内拥有广泛的读者,但另一个“弗卢瑟”一直存在,也许是交织在一起的,那就是“痴迷的未来学家”。未来学家弗卢瑟不仅想象或预测与我们一起、在我们中间、为我们而展开的媒体技术宇宙,而且在他坚持认为“交流就是人类学”的过程中,他还想象了未来可能世界的场景。在他不为人知的著作《安格诺曼:爱的人生》(1989)中,英文译本是What If?在《寻找图像的二十二种场景》(2023)中,他设计了一个充满噩梦和奇迹的人类世草图。如果什么?提供了对激流人类世的激进未来的洞察,这与投机性设计有关,与弗卢瑟的设计概念“狡猾”或狡猾有关,与艺术和失败与合理,“好”计算或可计算性之间的巨大创造潜力有关。
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引用次数: 0
Projective Imagination: Vilém Flussers’s Concept of the Technical Image 投射想象:维尔萨姆·弗卢瑟斯的技术形象概念
Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231168576
Daniel Irrgang
The article discusses the technical image, a central concept in Vilém Flusser’s later main work Into the Universe of Technical Images (1985a). After identifying its various dimensions, the analysis frames the concept as an amalgamation of disciplines, theories, and artistic practices the cultural philosopher Flusser explored during the 1960s and especially the 1970s. In particular, the field of information aesthetics developed by Max Bense and Abraham A. Moles, among others, as well as artistic video practices in France and the United States played an important role in both Flusser’s biography and the formation of his technical image concept. At the same time, in Flusser’s cultural philosophy the technical image is the condition and result of a new kind of human imagination, which in this paper is specified as ‘projective imagination’.
本文讨论了技术图像,这是维尔姆·弗卢瑟后来的主要作品《进入技术图像的宇宙》(1985)中的一个中心概念。在确定了它的各个维度之后,分析将这个概念框架为文化哲学家弗卢瑟在20世纪60年代,特别是70年代探索的学科、理论和艺术实践的融合。尤其是Max Bense和Abraham A. mole等人发展的信息美学领域,以及法国和美国的艺术录像实践,对弗卢瑟的生平和他的技术影像概念的形成都起到了重要的作用。同时,在弗卢瑟的文化哲学中,技术形象是一种新的人类想象的条件和结果,本文将其定义为“投射想象”。
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引用次数: 0
From Galton’s Pride to Du Bois’s Pursuit: The Formats of Data-Driven Inequality 从高尔顿的骄傲到杜波依斯的追求:数据驱动的不平等的形式
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231162251
Colin Koopman
Data increasingly drive our lives. Often presented as a new trajectory, the deep immersion of our lives in data has a history that is well over a century old. By revisiting the work of early pioneers of what would today be called data science, we can bring into view both assumptions that fund our data-driven moment as well as alternative relations to data. I here excavate insights by contrasting a seemingly unlikely pair of early data technologists, Francis Galton and W.E.B. Du Bois. Galton, well known for his contributions to eugenics, was first and foremost a tinkering technician of measure. There are numerous domains of science over which Galtonian conceptions retain considerable influence, presumably without his pride in racial inequality. A more viable, because more egalitarian, alternative for the present can be found in the early data work of Du Bois.
数据日益驱动着我们的生活。我们的生活深深沉浸在数据中,这通常被视为一种新的轨迹,它的历史已经超过了一个世纪。通过重新审视今天被称为数据科学的早期先驱的工作,我们可以看到为数据驱动时代提供资金的假设,以及与数据的替代关系。我在这里通过对比两位看似不太可能的早期数据技术专家——弗朗西斯·高尔顿和W.E.B.杜波依斯——来挖掘见解。高尔顿因其对优生学的贡献而闻名,他首先是一位测量技术人员。在许多科学领域,高尔顿的观念仍有相当大的影响,可能没有他对种族不平等的骄傲。在杜波依斯早期的数据研究中,我们可以找到一个更可行、更平等的替代方案。
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引用次数: 0
Class as Collective Representation: Lessons from Wagner and Bayreuth on the Discrete Harms of the Bourgeoisie 作为集体代表的阶级:瓦格纳和拜罗伊特对资产阶级离散危害的启示
Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231162024
Philip Smith
The cultural turn has yet to fully reconfigure ‘class’ as a set of fictions, tropes, discourses and enduring culture-structures. Existing Durkheimian approaches have stalled at his middle period morphological reductionism. This paper constructs a more radical understanding in the late-Durkheimian idiom. It shows how class operates as a signifier in a language game of purity and pollution, virtue and vice. Taking a lead from studies of the ‘unruly’ working class, the paper opens up the more subtle pollution that attends to the mythical ‘bourgeoisie’ and its associated and imagined ‘bourgeois’ culture. As a sign system this class location is deemed inauthentic, sybaritic, and as strangely deadening to cultural vitality. Although commonly found in contexts of gentrification and commodification that involve class conflict, this critical discourse is also applied within the bourgeois milieu. Such needless auto-critique suggests a relative autonomy from determination by class struggle. The possibilities for this approach are illustrated at length with reference to a paradigm case: the highly bourgeois milieu of the composer Richard Wagner and his Bayreuth Festival.
文化转向尚未将“阶级”完全重新配置为一系列小说、比喻、话语和持久的文化结构。迪尔凯姆的形态还原论在他的中期停滞不前。本文在涂尔干晚期的习语中构建了一个更为激进的理解。它展示了阶级如何在纯洁与污染、美德与罪恶的语言游戏中作为能指运作。从对“不守规矩”的工人阶级的研究出发,本文揭示了神话中的“资产阶级”及其相关和想象中的“资产阶级”文化的更微妙的污染。作为一个符号系统,这个阶级的位置被认为是不真实的,奢侈的,并且奇怪地扼杀了文化活力。虽然在涉及阶级冲突的士绅化和商品化背景中经常发现,但这种批评话语也适用于资产阶级环境。这种不必要的自我批判暗示了阶级斗争决定的相对自主性。这种方法的可能性是通过参考一个范例案例来详细说明的:作曲家理查德·瓦格纳和他的拜罗伊特音乐节的高度资产阶级环境。
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引用次数: 0
Post-punk, Industrial Culture Zines, and the Information Dark Age 后朋克、工业文化杂志和信息黑暗时代
Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/02632764221151133
Christopher Haworth
Several scholars have noted parallels between the online communicative tactics of the American alt-right and those of industrial musicians in the 1970s and 1980s. This article explores these connections further by analysing the informational media that industrial musicians developed. Between the mid-1980s and 1990s, these zines, handbooks, and websites made a strenuous break with the values of democracy, egalitarianism, and grassroots authenticity that were the default ideological ‘mode’ of DIY. Where the Californian ideology would centre the summer of love and the politics of the New Left, the zines ambiguously celebrated the nihilistic, authoritarian, and occult vectors of psychedelia – tendencies that have been associated with the late 1960s fate of the counterculture rather than its earlier heyday. The article tracks these themes from Vague magazine and Rapid Eye, to the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit in the 1990s, to neoreaction and the Dark Enlightenment, asking whether communicational utopianism should be considered a blip rather than the internet’s default state.
几位学者注意到,美国另类右翼的在线交流策略与上世纪七八十年代的工业音乐家之间存在相似之处。本文通过分析工业音乐家发展的信息媒介,进一步探讨了这些联系。在20世纪80年代中期到90年代之间,这些杂志、手册和网站与民主、平等主义和草根真实性的价值观进行了艰苦的决裂,这些价值观是DIY的默认意识形态“模式”。加州的意识形态是爱情之夏和新左派政治的中心,而这些杂志则含糊地颂扬虚无主义、威权主义和迷幻的神秘载体——这些倾向与20世纪60年代末反主流文化的命运有关,而不是与它早期的全盛时期有关。这篇文章追溯了这些主题,从《Vague》杂志和《Rapid Eye》,到20世纪90年代的控制论文化研究单位,再到新反应和黑暗启蒙运动,询问是否应该将通信乌托邦主义视为昙花一现,而不是互联网的默认状态。
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引用次数: 0
Narratives of Post-Truth: Lyotard and the Epistemic Fragmentation of Society 后真相叙事:利奥塔与社会的认知分裂
Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231162027
Christiane Baier
In recent years, the post-truth phenomenon has dominated public and political discourse. This article offers a functional analysis of its mechanisms based on the category of narrative. After providing a brief definition of post-truth as a conceptual foundation, I trace the meaning of the term ‘narrative’ in the works of Jean-François Lyotard, focusing on the elusive category of small narrative. Utilizing terms and concepts of contemporary narrative theory, I propose a general definition of cultural narrative and reconceptualize Lyotard’s petit récit as a particular case of this superordinate category. Drawing on Lyotard’s phrase linguistics as set out in The Differend, I develop the category of epistemic sphere to analyze Donald Trump’s MAGA movement as an example of post-truth politics, the rise of populism and the epistemic fragmentation of society.
近年来,后真相现象主导了公共话语和政治话语。本文从叙事范畴出发,对其机制进行功能分析。在简要定义后真相作为概念基础之后,我追溯了让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔作品中“叙事”一词的含义,重点关注难以捉摸的小叙事范畴。本文利用当代叙事理论的术语和概念,提出了文化叙事的一般定义,并将利奥塔的《小雷姆斯特》重新定义为这一高级类别的一个特殊案例。借鉴利奥塔在《差异》中提出的短语语言学,我发展了认识论领域的范畴,以分析唐纳德·特朗普的MAGA运动,作为后真相政治、民粹主义兴起和社会认识论分裂的一个例子。
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引用次数: 1
Art, Affect, and Social Media in the ‘No Dakota Access Pipeline’ Movement “禁止达科他输油管道”运动中的艺术、影响和社交媒体
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/02632764221146715
Robyn Lee
Indigenous-led activism against proposed oil pipelines has relied heavily on social media, as in the #NoDAPL campaign against the Dakota Access Pipeline. This paper explores affective engagement in online activism, including the Standing Rock ‘check-in’ campaign on Facebook. Moving beyond dichotomous understandings of embodied vs digital activism, Cannupa Hanska Luger’s Mirror Shields Project employs digital media in order to support direct action at Standing Rock. Patricia Clough draws a direct link between affect and technoscientific understandings of the body in her concept of biomediated bodies. This helps explain how physical and digital activism are linked: the digital and the physical cannot be understood as independent of each other, since online engagement always has an embodied aspect as well. Luger’s Mirror Shields Project functions as a form of alterlife, in resistance to biopower, recognizing historical and ongoing harms while also creating new possibilities for resistance.
原住民领导的反对拟议中的输油管道的行动在很大程度上依赖于社交媒体,就像反对达科他输油管道的#NoDAPL运动一样。本文探讨了网络行动主义的情感参与,包括Facebook上的Standing Rock“签到”活动。canupa Hanska Luger的Mirror Shields项目超越了对具体行动主义和数字行动主义的二分理解,使用数字媒体来支持立岩的直接行动。帕特里夏·克拉夫在她的生物介导身体概念中,将情感与对身体的技术科学理解直接联系起来。这有助于解释物理和数字行动主义是如何联系在一起的:数字和物理不能被理解为彼此独立,因为在线参与也总是有一个具体的方面。卢格的镜盾计划作为一种另类生命的形式,在抵抗生物能量的过程中,认识到历史和正在发生的危害,同时也创造了抵抗的新可能性。
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引用次数: 0
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Theory, Culture & Society
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