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Entropy and Entropic Differences in the Work of Michel Serres Michel Serres著作中的熵和熵差
Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231187593
Lilian Kroth
Michel Serres’s philosophy of entropy takes what he famously calls the ‘Northwest Passage’ between the sciences and the humanities. By contextualizing his approach to entropy and affirming the role of a philosophy of difference, this paper explores Serres’s approach by means of ‘entropic differences’. It claims that entropy – or rather, entropies – provide Serres with a paradigmatic case for critical translations between different domains of knowledge. From his early Hermès series, through to The Birth of Physics and later writings on social and ethical themes, he keeps thermodynamical and informational – or ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ – understandings of entropy apart, while simultaneously exploring their relation. By focusing on the systematic significance of Serres’s ‘entropic difference’, this paper shows how it unfolds not necessarily as an ontological difference but as an operative function between the history and philosophy of science, epistemology, and a theory of negentropic (inter)subjectivity.
米歇尔·塞雷斯(Michel Serres)的熵哲学采用了他著名的科学与人文之间的“西北通道”。通过将塞雷斯的熵方法置于语境中,并肯定差异哲学的作用,本文通过“熵差异”来探讨塞雷斯的方法。它声称熵——或者更确切地说,熵——为Serres在不同知识领域之间的关键转换提供了一个范例。从他早期的herm系列,到物理学的诞生,再到后来关于社会和伦理主题的著作,他将热力学和信息学——或者说“硬”和“软”——对熵的理解分开,同时探索它们之间的关系。通过关注Serres的“熵差”的系统意义,本文展示了它如何不一定作为本体论的差异展开,而是作为历史和科学哲学,认识论和负熵(相互)主体性理论之间的操作功能。
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引用次数: 1
More Sex, Less Identity: Towards a Naturalistic Queer Theory 更多的性,更少的身份:走向自然主义的酷儿理论
Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231187586
Blaz Skerjanec
This article identifies two strands of thinking about sexuality and identity within queer theory: culturalist and naturalist. First, the article critically assesses culturalist queer theory penned by Judith Butler and Lee Edelman by showing that their theories, even when acutely aware of the traps of exclusionary identity politics, remain indebted to thinking on the basis of exclusion and separation by positing a rigid identity and the untouchability of the ‘human’, of the ‘cultural’. The article proceeds by taking acts of sex as objects of analysis and, with the help of Leo Bersani, elaborates how naturalistic thinking might help us break with the double edict of both culturalist thought and contemporary identity politics, i.e. sociocentrism and the injunction to the untouchability and unbespeakability of the singular (‘human’, ‘cultural’, ‘queer’, ‘gay’, ‘lesbian’, ‘trans’, ‘black’, etc.).
本文确定了酷儿理论中关于性和身份的两种思考:文化主义者和自然主义者。首先,这篇文章批判性地评估了朱迪思·巴特勒和李·埃德尔曼撰写的文化主义酷儿理论,表明他们的理论,即使敏锐地意识到排斥性身份政治的陷阱,仍然感谢在排除和分离的基础上思考,通过假设一个严格的身份和“人类”的不可接触性,“文化”。本文首先以性行为为分析对象,在Leo Bersani的帮助下,阐述了自然主义思维如何帮助我们打破文化主义思想和当代身份政治的双重禁令,即社会中心主义和对单数(“人类”、“文化”、“酷儿”、“同性恋”、“女同性恋”、“变性人”、“黑人”等)的不可接触性和不可言说性的禁令。
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引用次数: 0
Between a Bird-in-the-Hand and Species Data in the Bank: Intermittent Care in Conservation Science 在一只手上的鸟和银行里的物种数据之间:保护科学中的间歇性关怀
Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231187584
S. Eren, A. Beaulieu
Intense interspecies engagements are central to the work of ecologists, as they seek to understand our rapidly changing world. To explore researcher-bird engagements in ecological fieldwork, we use a lens of care. Taking as a starting point the widely shared photos of bird-in-the-hand that portray situations where individual birds become sources of data about populations, we show the significance of complex care work in ethically and epistemically loaded moments. Crucial knowledge about survival, biodiversity loss and animal welfare emerges at the intersection of multispecies care for individuals, for populations and for knowledge infrastructures. We put forth the concept of intermittent care to explain the changing concerns for individual birds here-and-now or for populations of the future. Attention to care therefore helps unravel how ecological knowing depends on entanglements between humans, nature, and technologies that take shape through a constant negotiation of different strands and matters of multispecies care.
物种间的密切接触是生态学家工作的核心,因为他们试图了解我们快速变化的世界。为了探索研究人员与鸟类在生态野外工作中的互动,我们使用了关爱的视角。以广泛分享的鸟在手中的照片为起点,这些照片描绘了个体鸟成为种群数据来源的情况,我们展示了复杂护理工作在伦理和认知负载时刻的重要性。关于生存、生物多样性丧失和动物福利的关键知识出现在对个体、种群和知识基础设施的多物种关怀的交叉点。我们提出了间歇性护理的概念,以解释此时此刻对单个鸟类或未来种群的不断变化的关注。因此,对关爱的关注有助于揭示生态认知是如何依赖于人类、自然和技术之间的纠缠的,而这些纠缠是通过不同链和多物种关爱问题的不断协商而形成的。
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引用次数: 0
Crisis, Experience, ‘Excentricity’ 危机、经验、“独特性”
Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231187589
Dariusz Gafijczuk
This paper explores the relationship between crisis and experience, concentrating on ‘excentric positionality’ in relation to the shared world, as presented in the work of Helmuth Plessner. A by-product of the 1920s Weimar Germany, Plessner’s philosophical anthropology, it is argued, presents us with a forgotten blueprint for transitive and compositional approaches to the social world. Instead of the familiar ‘crisis of experience’ used to diagnose ‘what has gone wrong’, it allows us to re-learn how to work with ‘the experience of crisis’ itself. The latter holds the key to a different type of approach based on ‘xeno-communication’. This type of communication utilizes the productive potential of crisis in its uncertainty and hesitation before a decision, showing a way to extend and enlarge experience itself. Cultivation of these ‘excentric’ dynamics in turn suggests new ‘excentric methodologies’ based on a more flexible fit between concepts and the worlds they are meant to describe. ‘Excentric methodologies’ constitute a type of experience-based, analytical response to the shared world. They work with phenomena across spaces and problems, analytically utilizing their joint emergence from the fundamental imbalance and discontinuity characteristic of the human environment.
本文探讨了危机与经验之间的关系,重点关注与共享世界相关的“外中心定位”,正如Helmuth Plessner的作品所呈现的那样。普莱斯纳的哲学人类学是20世纪20年代魏玛德国的副产品,有人认为,他为我们展示了一幅被遗忘的蓝图,描绘了通往社会世界的传递性和构成性方法。它让我们重新学习如何处理“危机经验”本身,而不是用来诊断“哪里出了问题”的熟悉的“危机经验”。后者掌握着一种基于“异种通信”的不同类型方法的关键。这种类型的沟通利用了危机在决策前的不确定和犹豫中的生产潜力,展示了一种扩展和扩大经验本身的方法。这些“外中心”动态的培养反过来又提出了新的“外中心方法论”,该方法论基于概念与它们所要描述的世界之间更灵活的契合。“外中心方法论”构成了一种基于经验的、对共享世界的分析性回应。他们处理跨空间和问题的现象,分析地利用他们从人类环境的根本不平衡和不连续性特征中共同出现的现象。
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引用次数: 0
A Psychoanalytic Case for Anti-capitalism as an Organisational Form 反资本主义作为一种组织形式的精神分析案例
Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231178648
Nick Malherbe
For many, anti-capitalism signifies too much and thus lacks the political conviction needed to inform left-wing strategy and tactics. What remains neglected, though, is how anti-capitalism can function as an organisational form, one that is constituted by the democratic requirements of struggle. At different moments and for different purposes, anti-capitalist organising may rely on vertical, horizontal, centralised, or decentralised formations. We cannot predetermine the organisational particularities of anti-capitalism because it is always a form of forms determined by the demands of struggle. However, we can explore the psycho-political valances of anti-capitalist organisation. The appeal of anti-capitalism, so conceived, lies in its ability to facilitate subjects’ enjoyment and political commitment through formal and psychic lack, rather than through neoliberal excess or ideological surety. Psychoanalytic theory is useful for considering how the anti-capitalist form’s significatory field can foster emancipatory knowledges, acts, and ways of being in politically fraught contexts of struggle.
对许多人来说,反资本主义意味着太多,因此缺乏为左翼战略和战术提供信息所需的政治信念。然而,仍然被忽视的是,反资本主义如何作为一种组织形式发挥作用,这种组织形式是由斗争的民主要求构成的。在不同的时刻,为了不同的目的,反资本主义组织可以依靠垂直的、水平的、集中的或分散的形式。我们不能预先确定反资本主义的组织特殊性,因为它总是由斗争的要求决定的形式的形式。然而,我们可以探索反资本主义组织的心理政治价值。反资本主义的吸引力,如此设想,在于它能够通过形式和精神上的缺乏,而不是通过新自由主义的过度或意识形态的保证,促进主体的享受和政治承诺。精神分析理论对于考虑反资本主义形式的意义场域如何在充满政治压力的斗争环境中培养解放的知识、行为和方式是有用的。
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引用次数: 1
Against Posthumanism: Notes towards an Ethopolitics of Personhood 反对后人文主义:对人格的民族政治的注解
Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231178472
T. Osborne, N. Rose
Are we humans destined to become ‘posthuman’? In this paper, we question the claims of posthumanism, accepting some of its broader insights whilst proposing a more empirically and ethically appropriate ‘vitalist’ response. We argue that despite recent changes in styles of thought that question the uniqueness of ‘the human’, and despite novel technological developments for augmenting human bodies, we remain – fundamentally – persons. Humans, as persons, are constitutively embedded in and scaffolded by the material, social, semantic and cultural niches they have constructed for themselves. An ‘ethopolitical’ response to our present that recognizes this fact not only requires us to engage with the consequences of making lives in the unequal niches that restrict and stunt the personhood of so many human beings at present, but also requires us to broaden the bandwidth of those who are recognized fully as persons. In our conclusion we briefly develop the theme that this emphasis on personhood can be seen as a vitalist – rather than a humanist – stance.
我们人类注定要成为“后人类”吗?在本文中,我们质疑后人文主义的主张,接受其一些更广泛的见解,同时提出一个更经验和道德上适当的“生机论”的回应。我们认为,尽管最近的思想风格发生了变化,质疑“人类”的独特性,尽管新的技术发展增强了人类的身体,但从根本上说,我们仍然是人。作为人,人类从本质上被嵌入到他们为自己构建的物质、社会、语义和文化生态位中,并以此为基础。认识到这一事实的对我们现在的“民族政治”回应,不仅要求我们承担在不平等的环境中生活的后果,这种环境限制和阻碍了目前如此多的人的人格,而且还要求我们扩大那些被充分认可为人的人的带宽。在我们的结论中,我们简要地发展了这个主题,即这种对人格的强调可以被看作是一种生机论者,而不是人文主义者的立场。
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引用次数: 0
Bourdieu, Lacan and Field Theory: Neoliberal Doxa in the Economic Field 布迪厄、拉康与场理论:经济领域的新自由主义Doxa
Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231178646
T. Scott
This article describes the conditions under which it is possible for neoliberalism to render itself invisible to the economic field that created it, allowing that field to define the discourse as a paranoid construction of the left. In addressing the issue, the text aims to extend the reach of Bourdieu’s field theory by infusing it with aspects of Lacanian psychoanalysis. This construction facilitates the use of the example of neoliberal economics to suggest wider principles of field functionality. It is suggested that the main purpose of any field is not the generation of new knowledge but the preservation of its doxa, which is protected by a series of self-legitimation strategies. In the example of neoliberal economics, the strength of these systems has allowed that field to close its eyes to the catastrophic failure of its knowledge.
本文描述了新自由主义有可能使自己对创造它的经济领域不可见的条件,允许该领域将话语定义为左派的偏执建构。为了解决这个问题,本文旨在通过注入拉康精神分析的各个方面来扩展布迪厄的场域理论的范围。这种结构有助于使用新自由主义经济学的例子来提出更广泛的领域功能原则。这表明,任何领域的主要目的都不是产生新知识,而是保存其知识,这是由一系列自我合法化策略保护的。以新自由主义经济学为例,这些体系的力量使该领域对其知识的灾难性失败视而不见。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking Posthumanist Subjectivity: Technology as Ontological Murder in European Colonialism 后人类主义主体性反思:欧洲殖民主义中的技术本体论谋杀
Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231178482
T. Dekeyser
This paper centres the colonial pre-histories of ‘the digital’ to complicate posthumanist theorisations of subjectivity. Posthumanism helpfully undercuts human exceptionalism by presenting subjectivity as always-already co-constituted by technology. However, this paper argues that it insufficiently engages the human as the historico-political effect of negating the assumed non-technological colonial Other. Focusing on liberal humanism between the 16th and 19th centuries, the paper theorises the modern human as bound up in ‘technological onticide’. The presumed absence of technology became a (theo-centric, ratio-centric, bio-centric) measure of the Other’s sub-humanity, at the same time as this Other was expected to be humanised through its technologisation. An emphasis on technological onticide complicates universalist theories of subjectivity that take it as always a matter of human-technology co-constitution. The paper argues that, to confront the legacies of ontological murder, conceptual room needs to be made for inhuman, counterhuman or unhuman theories of subjectivity.
本文以“数字”的殖民史前史为中心,使后人文主义的主体性理论复杂化。后人文主义通过将主体性呈现为总是已经由技术共同构成,从而削弱了人类例外论。然而,本文认为,作为否定假定的非技术殖民他者的历史政治效应,它没有充分地参与人类。本文聚焦于16世纪至19世纪的自由人文主义,提出了现代人类被“技术杀生”束缚的理论。假定的技术缺失成为他者亚人性的衡量标准(以神为中心,以比例为中心,以生物为中心),同时,这个他者被期望通过其技术被人性化。对技术杀生的强调使主体性的普遍主义理论复杂化,后者总是把它看作人与技术共同构成的问题。本文认为,面对本体论谋杀的遗产,需要为非人的、反人的或非人的主体性理论创造概念空间。
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引用次数: 0
Embodying Resistance: Politics and the Mobilization of Vulnerability 体现抵抗:政治和脆弱性的动员
Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231178478
Moya Lloyd
How are we to understand hunger strikes and episodes of lip-sewing in immigration detention? Are they simply cases of self-destruction or bare life, as is often claimed, or is there scope to view these embodied acts of self-harm as having a political dimension and to see those engaged in them as resistant subjects exercising political agency? To explore these issues, I draw on recent feminist theoretical work on vulnerability. Received wisdom suggests that vulnerability is an impediment to political action. Rejecting the idea that vulnerability equates exclusively to injurability and passivity, I contend, by contrast, that corporeal vulnerability can potentially prompt action, serve as a resource for collective acts of resistance, and enable the politicization of certain spaces. Since context matters to how vulnerability and resistance intersect, I illustrate my argument by exploring, in particular, the protests that took place at Woomera immigration detention centre in Australia in 2002.
我们如何理解绝食抗议和移民拘留所里的唇缝事件?他们只是像人们常说的那样,仅仅是自我毁灭或赤裸裸的生活吗,或者是否有理由将这些自我伤害的具体行为视为具有政治维度的行为,并将参与其中的人视为行使政治权力的抵抗主体?为了探讨这些问题,我借鉴了最近关于脆弱性的女权主义理论。公认的智慧表明,脆弱性是政治行动的障碍。我反对将脆弱性完全等同于伤害性和被动性的观点,相反,我认为,身体上的脆弱性可以潜在地促使行动,作为集体抵抗行动的资源,并使某些空间政治化。由于环境关系到脆弱和抵抗如何交织在一起,我特别探讨了2002年发生在澳大利亚伍默拉移民拘留中心的抗议活动,以此来阐明我的论点。
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引用次数: 1
Michel Serres’ Neglected Political Ecology in Dialogue with Bruno Latour’s Figure of Gaia 米歇尔·塞雷斯被忽视的政治生态与布鲁诺·拉图尔的盖亚形象的对话
Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/02632764231175815
Peter Johnson
With some justification, Michel Serres claimed that he was one of the first to make ecology a central question for philosophy. Many of his books explore the ecological emergency and spell out the need to include the more-than-human in any ethical and political response. Yet Serres’ thought has been generally neglected in scholarly debate outside France. To highlight the importance of Serres’ philosophy, I contrast aspects of his work with Latour’s sustained search for a political ecology. I contend that Serres’ thought overlaps with but also challenges Latour’s approach that has increasingly turned for inspiration to the theory of Gaia proposed by Lovelock and Margulis. I argue that drawing from science, history, fables, the humanities and his own experience, Serres brings together a narrative of the commonality of all living and non-living things that exposes a contractable obligation and formulates the grounding for a new politics.
米歇尔·塞雷斯(Michel Serres)不无道理地宣称,他是最早将生态学作为哲学中心问题的人之一。他的许多著作都探讨了生态紧急状况,并阐明了在任何道德和政治回应中都需要包括超越人类的东西。然而,Serres的思想在法国以外的学术辩论中普遍被忽视。为了强调塞雷斯哲学的重要性,我将他的工作与拉图尔对政治生态的持续探索进行了对比。我认为Serres的思想与拉图尔的方法重叠,但也挑战了拉图尔的方法,拉图尔越来越多地从洛夫洛克和马古利斯提出的盖亚理论中寻求灵感。我认为,从科学、历史、寓言、人文学科和他自己的经历中,Serres汇集了所有生物和非生物的共性叙事,揭示了一种可契约的义务,并为一种新政治奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
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Theory, Culture & Society
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