Pub Date : 2020-02-27DOI: 10.26739/2181-9904-2020-2-8
N. Salimova
The article contains information on the procedure for harvesting the raw materials of medicinal plants, the main active substances contained in them, as well as the technology of preparation of various forms of drugs.
本文介绍了药用植物原料的采收程序、其中所含的主要活性物质以及各种形式药物的制备技术。
{"title":"The Procedure for Collecting Medicinal Plants, Basic Tools and Technology for Preparing Medicinal Forms from their Raw Materials","authors":"N. Salimova","doi":"10.26739/2181-9904-2020-2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26739/2181-9904-2020-2-8","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains information on the procedure for harvesting the raw materials of medicinal plants, the main active substances contained in them, as well as the technology of preparation of various forms of drugs.","PeriodicalId":227860,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Veterinary Science","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121918202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-14DOI: 10.31829/2691-5502/avs2020-2(1)-102
Fishes can detect underwater sounds and use them to obtain key information about the environment around them. Sounds travel rapidly over great distances in water and can provide detailed information on the presence of prey, predators, and related fishes, while the overall acoustic scene provides the fishes with key information about their environment. Although they do not have the external ears that many vertebrates have, all fish species have effective internal ears. Many fish species engage in making sounds themselves. Their calls are often produced when they are approached by other fish species, and they can be used to startle and deflect their opponents. Sounds are also produced during reproductive activities. There are often differences in the sounds made by fish species, even between closely related species. The sounds of individuals may also differ, and this may play a role in sexual selection, as males compete with one another and aim to attract females that are looking for the best males to mate with. The sounds that fishes can hear are confined to low frequencies, although this is species- dependent. It is evident that fishes can distinguish between sounds that differ in their amplitude and frequency, and also discriminate between sounds that have different temporal characteristics. They can also distinguish between sounds that arrive from different directions and distances, in some cases enabling them to locate the sources of sound. Detecting sounds may enable fishes to navigate and move to particular habitats, search for prey, move away from predators, and communicate during spawning. However, a particular problem in sound detection is the masking of those sounds that interest the fishes by high and variable levels of background noise. Although some of the background noise is generated by natural sources, including the precipitation of rain and snow, and wind and waves, many underwater sounds now come from anthropogenic sources. Some of these human-made sounds can kill or injure fishes, impair their hearing, and alter their behaviour. Interference with the detection of sounds can have especially adverse effects upon the lives of fishes. There is a need for more work on the impact of human- made underwater noise upon the fitness of fishes, and the strength of fish populations.
{"title":"The Importance of Sounds to Fishes","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2691-5502/avs2020-2(1)-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2691-5502/avs2020-2(1)-102","url":null,"abstract":"Fishes can detect underwater sounds and use them to obtain key information about the environment around them. Sounds travel rapidly over great distances in water and can provide detailed information on the presence of prey, predators, and related fishes, while the overall acoustic scene provides the fishes with key information about their environment. Although they do not have the external ears that many vertebrates have, all fish species have effective internal ears. Many fish species engage in making sounds themselves. Their calls are often produced when they are approached by other fish species, and they can be used to startle and deflect their opponents. Sounds are also produced during reproductive activities. There are often differences in the sounds made by fish species, even between closely related species. The sounds of individuals may also differ, and this may play a role in sexual selection, as males compete with one another and aim to attract females that are looking for the best males to mate with. The sounds that fishes can hear are confined to low frequencies, although this is species- dependent. It is evident that fishes can distinguish between sounds that differ in their amplitude and frequency, and also discriminate between sounds that have different temporal characteristics. They can also distinguish between sounds that arrive from different directions and distances, in some cases enabling them to locate the sources of sound. Detecting sounds may enable fishes to navigate and move to particular habitats, search for prey, move away from predators, and communicate during spawning. However, a particular problem in sound detection is the masking of those sounds that interest the fishes by high and variable levels of background noise. Although some of the background noise is generated by natural sources, including the precipitation of rain and snow, and wind and waves, many underwater sounds now come from anthropogenic sources. Some of these human-made sounds can kill or injure fishes, impair their hearing, and alter their behaviour. Interference with the detection of sounds can have especially adverse effects upon the lives of fishes. There is a need for more work on the impact of human- made underwater noise upon the fitness of fishes, and the strength of fish populations.","PeriodicalId":227860,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Veterinary Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126692396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-27DOI: 10.31829/2691-5502/avs2018-1(1)-101
Various cephalic sites of the molecular transport and counter-current transfer have been identified in mammalian species, including the choroid plexus blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (CPB-CFB), the cavernous sinus-carotid rete complex as well as the nasal vasculature exchange pathway. The present literature review has been conducted to incorporate articles highlighting the key findings, conclusions, and the anticipated impact of studies aimed to elucidate the counter-current transfer processes in the brain. Although cephalic sites of the molecular counter-current transport of biologically active substances have been clearly defined and their undeniable importance for neurohomeostatic regulations and reproductive physiology has been recognized, a scarcity of most recent reports have slightly dampened the optimism that in the nearest future these sites will be exploited to their full therapeutic potential.
{"title":"A Scoping Review of Research on the Cranial Molecular Counter-Current Transfer in Mammals","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2691-5502/avs2018-1(1)-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2691-5502/avs2018-1(1)-101","url":null,"abstract":"Various cephalic sites of the molecular transport and counter-current transfer have been identified in mammalian species, including the choroid plexus blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (CPB-CFB), the cavernous sinus-carotid rete complex as well as the nasal vasculature exchange pathway. The present literature review has been conducted to incorporate articles highlighting the key findings, conclusions, and the anticipated impact of studies aimed to elucidate the counter-current transfer processes in the brain. Although cephalic sites of the molecular counter-current transport of biologically active substances have been clearly defined and their undeniable importance for neurohomeostatic regulations and reproductive physiology has been recognized, a scarcity of most recent reports have slightly dampened the optimism that in the nearest future these sites will be exploited to their full therapeutic potential.","PeriodicalId":227860,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Veterinary Science","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121748350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31829/2691-5502/avs2021-4(1)-001
Small and marginal farmers can increase their economic yield per unit area per unit time by using a livestock-based integrated farming system. Waste materials are effectively recycled in this device by connecting suitable components. As a consequence, pollution in the air is minimized. The factors responsible for the farming system's sustainability are recycling of materials, byproducts, and waste material in an integrated farming system. The processing of eggs, meat, and milk provides nutritional protection and income to farmers throughout the year, thanks to the integration of various livestock components with crops. Combining crop and livestock enterprises will dramatically increase labor demand and, as a result, help to significantly reduce unemployment issues. ILFS offers enough resources for family labor during the year. The main issues for sustainable agriculture are food stability, natural resource conservation, and environmental protection. Integrating livestock is the way to go if you want to optimize the use of available resources while still protecting the ecosystem for economic development. Diversifying farm production, growing profits, enhancing nutritional security, and promoting nutraceuticals are all benefits of an integrated farming system.
{"title":"Integrated Livestock Farming: A Holistic Management Approach","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2691-5502/avs2021-4(1)-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2691-5502/avs2021-4(1)-001","url":null,"abstract":"Small and marginal farmers can increase their economic yield per unit area per unit time\u0000by using a livestock-based integrated farming system. Waste materials are effectively recycled in this device by connecting suitable components. As a consequence, pollution in the air is minimized. The factors responsible for the farming system's sustainability are recycling of materials, byproducts, and waste material in an integrated farming system. The processing of eggs, meat, and milk provides nutritional protection and income to farmers throughout the year, thanks to the integration of various livestock components with crops. Combining crop and livestock enterprises will dramatically increase labor demand and, as a result, help to significantly reduce unemployment issues. ILFS offers enough resources for family labor during the year. The main issues for sustainable agriculture are food stability, natural resource conservation, and environmental protection. Integrating livestock is the way to go if you want to optimize the use of available resources while still protecting the ecosystem for economic development. Diversifying farm production, growing profits, enhancing nutritional security, and promoting nutraceuticals are all benefits of an integrated farming system.","PeriodicalId":227860,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Veterinary Science","volume":"81 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131205698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31829/2691-5502/avs2021-4(1)-002
Heat shock proteins (HSP) play critical roles in the body’s self-defense under a variety of stresses. In particular, HSP70 is a key regulator of normal physiological processes including physical exercise. Exercise is associated with transient increases of HSP expression in rodents, humans and horses, but so far little is presently known about the effects of acute high-intensity exercise or training on the release of HSP70 in the blood of horses. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of acute exercise as racehorse intensive training and gallop race on serum HSP70 levels. The research was carried out on 12 trained horses performing regularly training and gallop race. Serum HSP70 levels were analyzed by ELISA assay before and immediately after the end of both training and gallop race sessions. Results showed significant increased levels of serum HSP70, both after the end of the whole training session and gallop race, compared to basal values. A physiological stress associated with acute physical exercise seems to activate HSP70 pathway also in horses, suggesting the presence of an adaptation process to a stress of a novel homeostatic condition. Further investigations, at different times after the end of the exercise, could be useful to understand if HSP70 may be considered a new approach to monitoring exercise training and adaptive mechanisms in horses.
{"title":"Serum Heat Shock Protein (HSP70) Changes In Horses After An Acute Exercise","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2691-5502/avs2021-4(1)-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2691-5502/avs2021-4(1)-002","url":null,"abstract":"Heat shock proteins (HSP) play critical roles in the body’s self-defense under a variety of stresses. In particular, HSP70 is a key regulator of normal physiological processes including physical exercise. Exercise is associated with transient increases of HSP expression in rodents, humans and horses, but so far little is presently known about the effects of acute high-intensity exercise or training on the release of HSP70 in the blood of horses. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of acute exercise as racehorse intensive training and gallop race on serum HSP70 levels. The research was carried out on 12 trained horses performing regularly training and gallop race. Serum HSP70 levels were analyzed by ELISA assay before and immediately after the end of both training and gallop race sessions. Results showed significant increased levels of serum HSP70, both after the end of the whole training session and gallop race, compared to basal values. A physiological stress associated with acute physical exercise seems to activate HSP70 pathway also in horses, suggesting the presence of an adaptation process to a stress of a novel homeostatic condition. Further investigations, at different times after the end of the exercise, could be useful to understand if HSP70 may be considered a new approach to monitoring exercise training and adaptive mechanisms in horses.","PeriodicalId":227860,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Veterinary Science","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126733348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31829/2691-5502/avs2021-4(1)-003
The evaluation of sperm quality in the laboratory is essential to improve efficiency in assisted reproduction. As in other species, for the dog there are reports that prolonged contact of sperm with some components of seminal plasma is associated with decreased motility and sperm viability. Thus, the centrifugation is a technique widely used to concentrate the spermatozoa and eliminate the supernatant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of double layer centrifugation on the percentages of total sperm motility and progressive sperm motility of the dog’s semen submitted to the dilution, single layer centrifugation, cooling and storage at 5 °C for 24 and 48 hours. For this purpose, ejaculates of 30 healthy male dogs were evaluated, by taking into account the comparison among the conventional sperm parameters (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm motility and sperm progressive motility). The semen samples were examined in standard baseline condition of fresh semen (FS), after dilution (AD), after dilution and single layer centrifugation (SLC), after double layer centrifugation (DLC). According to the different time points, the semen samples were evaluated in baseline conditions, immediately after their collection at (T0), at 24 h (T24) and at 48 h (T48), to evaluate the effect of different treatments on the semen’s quality. Results showed a significant effect of double layer centrifugation on the improvement of total sperm motility and progressive sperm motility percentages of dogs. The use of cooling fresh semen soon after the double layer centrifugation will improve the semen quality up to 48h, with a special emphasis for the percentages of total sperm motility and sperm progressive motility, adding an alternative technical approach to reproductive performance in male breeding dogs.
精子质量的实验室评价是提高辅助生殖效率的必要条件。与其他物种一样，有报道称，狗的精子与精浆的某些成分长期接触会导致精子活力和生存能力下降。因此，离心是一种广泛用于浓缩精子和去除上清的技术。本研究的目的是评价双层离心对经稀释、单层离心、冷却并在5℃保存24和48小时的犬精液总精子活力百分比和渐进精子活力百分比的影响。为此，考虑到传统精子参数(射精量、精子浓度、精子总活动力和精子渐进活动力)之间的比较，对30只健康雄性狗的射精进行了评估。精液样品分别在新鲜精液(FS)、稀释后精液(AD)、稀释后单层离心(SLC)、双层离心(DLC)的标准基线条件下进行检测。根据不同时间点，在基线条件下、采集后立即(T0)、24 h (T24)和48 h (T48)对精液样本进行评估，以评估不同处理对精液质量的影响。结果表明，双层离心对提高犬总精子活力和进步精子活力百分比有显著作用。在双层离心后不久使用冷却的新鲜精液，可提高精液质量至48小时，特别强调精子总活力和精子渐进活力的百分比，为雄性繁殖犬的生殖性能增加了另一种技术方法。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31829/2691-5502/avs2021-4(1)-005
Many peoples like to have dogs or cats at home. They buy one or more animals (for example, cats, dogs, squirrels, rabbits and even tigers). It demands to apply many efforts to keep such animals in good conditions into the flat: to feed, to bring up, to train, to take a walk (not less than twice a day) and so forth. Sometimes, unfortunately, it’s very different to make all kinds of these works especially if the man has the declining years. In this case now and then it is rather difficult to take a walk. There are, for examples, the next reasons: it is raining now; too cold weather or/and strong wind; age; laziness; illness; tiredness; have no time enough because you are busy and so on. About how to get over these problems there is the description in this article. The gist of our novelty is connected with the special working principles (as a cage for a dog) and some important information about our behavior both at home and with the domestic animals (dogs).
{"title":"Animals and We","authors":"","doi":"10.31829/2691-5502/avs2021-4(1)-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31829/2691-5502/avs2021-4(1)-005","url":null,"abstract":"Many peoples like to have dogs or cats at home. They buy one or more animals (for example, cats, dogs, squirrels, rabbits and even tigers). It demands to apply many efforts to keep such animals in good conditions into the flat: to feed, to bring up, to train, to take a walk (not less than twice a day) and so forth. Sometimes, unfortunately, it’s very different to make all kinds of these works especially if the man has the declining years. In this case now and then it is rather difficult to take a walk. There are, for examples, the next reasons: it is raining now; too cold weather or/and strong wind; age; laziness; illness; tiredness; have no time enough because you are busy and so on.\u0000About how to get over these problems there is the description in this article. The gist of our novelty is connected with the special working principles (as a cage for a dog) and some important information about our behavior both at home and with the domestic animals (dogs).","PeriodicalId":227860,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Veterinary Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115533883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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