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3D ultrasound computer tomography: update from a clinical study 三维超声计算机断层扫描:来自临床研究的最新进展
Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.2216686
T. Hopp, M. Zapf, E. Kretzek, J. Henrich, A. Tukalo, H. Gemmeke, C. Kaiser, J. Knaudt, N. Ruiter
Ultrasound Computer Tomography (USCT) is a promising new imaging method for breast cancer diagnosis. We developed a 3D USCT system and tested it in a pilot study with encouraging results: 3D USCT was able to depict two carcinomas, which were present in contrast enhanced MRI volumes serving as ground truth. To overcome severe differences in the breast shape, an image registration was applied. We analyzed the correlation between average sound speed in the breast and the breast density estimated from segmented MRIs and found a positive correlation with R=0.70. Based on the results of the pilot study we now carry out a successive clinical study with 200 patients. For this we integrated our reconstruction methods and image post-processing into a comprehensive workflow. It includes a dedicated DICOM viewer for interactive assessment of fused USCT images. A new preview mode now allows intuitive and faster patient positioning. We updated the USCT system to decrease the data acquisition time by approximately factor two and to increase the penetration depth of the breast into the USCT aperture by 1 cm. Furthermore the compute-intensive reflectivity reconstruction was considerably accelerated, now allowing a sub-millimeter volume reconstruction in approximately 16 minutes. The updates made it possible to successfully image first patients in our ongoing clinical study.
超声计算机断层扫描(USCT)是一种很有前途的乳腺癌诊断新方法。我们开发了一种3D USCT系统,并在一项试点研究中进行了测试,结果令人鼓舞:3D USCT能够描绘出两种癌症,这两种癌症在对比增强的MRI体积中作为基础事实。为了克服乳房形状的严重差异,应用了图像配准。我们分析了乳腺内平均声速与分割mri估计的乳腺密度之间的相关性,发现两者呈正相关,R=0.70。根据初步研究的结果,我们现在对200名患者进行了连续的临床研究。为此,我们将重建方法和图像后处理整合到一个全面的工作流程中。它包括一个专用的DICOM查看器,用于对融合的USCT图像进行交互式评估。一个新的预览模式现在允许直观和更快的病人定位。我们更新了USCT系统,将数据采集时间减少了大约2倍,并将乳房插入USCT孔的深度增加了1厘米。此外,计算密集型反射率重建大大加快,现在可以在大约16分钟内重建亚毫米体积。这些更新使得在我们正在进行的临床研究中成功地对第一个患者进行成像成为可能。
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引用次数: 19
Rotation elastogram: a novel method to visualize local rigid body rotation under quasi-static compression 旋转弹性图:一种显示准静态压缩下局部刚体旋转的新方法
Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.2216828
S. C., AliArshad Kothawala, A. Thittai
During manual palpation of breast masses, the perception of its stiffness and slipperiness are the two commonly used information by the physician. In order to reliably and quantitatively obtain this information several non-invasive elastography techniques have been developed that seek to provide an image of the underlying mechanical properties, mostly stiffness-related. Very few approaches have visualized the "slip" at the lesion-background boundary that only occurs for a loosely-bonded benign lesion. It has been shown that axial-shear strain distribution provides information about underlying slip. One such feature, referred to as "fill-in" was interpreted as a surrogate of the rotation undergone by an asymmetrically-oriented-loosely bonded-benign-lesion under quasi-static compression. However, imaging and direct visualization of the rotation itself has not been addressed yet. In order to accomplish this, the quality of lateral displacement estimation needs to be improved. In this simulation study, we utilize spatial compounding approach and assess the feasibility to obtain good quality rotation elastogram. The angular axial and lateral displacement estimates were obtained at different insonification angles from a phantom containing an elliptical inclusion oriented at 45°, subjected to 1% compression from the top. A multilevel 2D-block matching algorithm was used for displacement tracking and 2D-least square compounding of angular axial and lateral displacement estimates was employed. By varying the maximum steering angle and incremental angle, the improvement in the lateral motion tracking accuracy and its effects on the quality of rotational elastogram were evaluated. Results demonstrate significantly-improved rotation elastogram using this technique.
在手触诊乳房肿块时,其僵硬和滑溜的感觉是医生常用的两个信息。为了可靠和定量地获得这些信息,已经开发了几种非侵入性弹性成像技术,旨在提供潜在力学特性的图像,主要是与刚度相关的。很少有方法显示病变背景边界的“滑移”,这种情况只发生在连接松散的良性病变。研究表明,轴向剪切应变分布提供了下伏滑移的信息。其中一个特征,被称为“填充”,被解释为在准静态压缩下,不对称定向、松散结合、良性病变所经历的旋转的替代品。然而,旋转本身的成像和直接可视化尚未得到解决。为了实现这一目标,需要提高横向位移估计的质量。在模拟研究中,我们利用空间复合方法,并评估了获得高质量旋转弹性图的可行性。在不同消噪角度下,从包含45°取向的椭圆内含物的模体中获得角轴向和侧向位移估计,并受到1%的顶部压缩。采用多级二维块匹配算法进行位移跟踪,采用角、轴、侧向位移估计的二维最小二乘复合。通过改变最大转向角和增量角,评估了横向运动跟踪精度的提高及其对旋转弹性图质量的影响。结果表明,使用该技术可以显著改善旋转弹性图。
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引用次数: 1
Monte Carlo investigation of the dosimetric effect of the Autoscan ultrasound probe for guidance in radiotherapy Autoscan超声探针在放射治疗中的剂量效应的蒙特卡罗研究
Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.2216653
M. Martyn, Tuathan P. O’Shea, E. Harris, J. Bamber, S. Gilroy, M. Foley
The aim of this study was to quantify the dosimetric effect of the Autoscan™ ultrasound probe, which is a 3D transperineal probe used for real-time tissue tracking during the delivery of radiotherapy. CT images of an anthropomorphic phantom, with and without the probe placed in contact with its surface, were obtained (0.75 mm slice width, 140 kVp). CT datasets were used for relative dose calculation in Monte Carlo simulations of a 7-field plan delivered to the phantom. The Monte Carlo software packages BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc were used for this purpose. A number of simulations, which varied the distance of the radiation field edge from the probe face (0 mm to 5 mm), were performed. Perineal surface doses as a function of distance from the radiation field edge, with and without the probe in place, were compared. The presence of the probe was found to result in an increase in perineal surface dose, relative to the maximum dose. The maximum increase in surface dose was 18.15%, at a probe face to field edge distance of 0 mm. However increases in surface dose fall-off rapidly as this distance increases, agreeing within Monte Carlo simulation uncertainty at distances ≥ 5 mm. Using data from three patient volunteers, a typical probe face to field edge distance was calculated to be ≈20 mm. Our results therefore indicate that the presence of the probe is unlikely to adversely affect a typical patient treatment, since the dosimetric effect of the probe is minimal at these distances.
本研究的目的是量化Autoscan™超声探头的剂量学效应,Autoscan™超声探头是一种三维经会阴探头,用于放射治疗过程中的实时组织跟踪。获得了拟人化幻体的CT图像,无论探头是否与其表面接触(0.75 mm片宽,140 kVp)。CT数据集用于相对剂量计算,在蒙特卡罗模拟7场计划传递到幻影。蒙特卡罗软件包BEAMnrc和DOSXYZnrc用于此目的。通过改变辐射场边缘到探针表面的距离(0 mm到5 mm),进行了一系列模拟。在有探针和没有探针的情况下,将会阴表面剂量与辐射场边缘距离的函数进行比较。发现探针的存在导致会阴部表面剂量的增加,相对于最大剂量。当探针面距场边距离为0 mm时,表面剂量最大增加18.15%。然而,随着距离的增加,表面剂量的增加迅速下降,在距离≥5mm时符合蒙特卡罗模拟不确定性。利用三名患者志愿者的数据,计算出典型的探头面到场边缘的距离为≈20 mm。因此,我们的结果表明,探针的存在不太可能对典型的患者治疗产生不利影响,因为探针的剂量学效应在这些距离上是最小的。
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引用次数: 3
A new post-phase rotation based dynamic receive beamforming architecture for smartphone-based wireless ultrasound imaging 一种基于后相位旋转的智能手机无线超声成像动态接收波束形成新架构
Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.2216705
Minsuk Park, Jeeun Kang, Gunho Lee, Min Kim, T. Song
Recently, a portable US imaging system using smart devices is highlighted for enhancing the portability of diagnosis. Especially, the system combination can enhance the user experience during whole US diagnostic procedures by employing the advanced wireless communication technology integrated in a smart device, e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth, etc. In this paper, an effective post-phase rotation-based dynamic receive beamforming (PRBF-POST) method is presented for wireless US imaging device integrating US probe system and commercial smart device. In conventional, the frame rate of conventional PRBF (PRBF-CON) method suffers from the large amount of calculations for the bifurcated processing paths of in-phase and quadrature signal components as the number of channel increase. Otherwise, the proposed PRBF-POST method can preserve the frame rate regardless of the number of channels by firstly aggregating the baseband IQ data along the channels whose phase quantization levels are identical ahead of phase rotation and summation procedures on a smart device. To evaluate the performance of the proposed PRBF-POST method, the pointspread functions of PRBF-CON and PRBF-POST methods were compared each other. Also, the frame rate of each PRBF method was measured 20-times to calculate the average frame rate and its standard deviation. As a result, the PRBFCON and PRBF-POST methods indicates identical beamforming performance in the Field-II simulation (correlation coefficient = 1). Also, the proposed PRBF-POST method indicates the consistent frame rate for varying number of channels (i.e., 44.25, 44.32, and 44.35 fps for 16, 64, and 128 channels, respectively), while the PRBF-CON method shows the decrease of frame rate as the number of channel increase (39.73, 13.19, and 3.8 fps). These results indicate that the proposed PRBF-POST method can be more advantageous for implementing the wireless US imaging system than the PRBF-CON method.
最近,一种使用智能设备的便携式美国成像系统被强调,以提高诊断的便携性。特别是,系统组合可以利用集成在智能设备中的先进无线通信技术,如WiFi、蓝牙等,增强整个美国诊断过程中的用户体验。提出了一种有效的基于后相位旋转的动态接收波束形成(PRBF-POST)方法,用于集成美国探测系统和商用智能设备的无线美国成像设备。传统的PRBF (PRBF- con)方法的帧率随着信道数的增加而受到同相和正交信号分量分岔处理路径计算量大的困扰。另外,所提出的PRBF-POST方法在智能设备上,在相位旋转和求和之前,首先沿着相位量化水平相同的信道聚合基带IQ数据,从而保持帧率,而不受信道数的影响。为了评价所提出的PRBF-POST方法的性能,比较了PRBF-CON和PRBF-POST方法的点扩散函数。同时,对每种PRBF方法的帧率进行20次测量,计算平均帧率及其标准差。结果表明,在Field-II仿真中,PRBFCON和PRBF-POST方法的波束形成性能基本一致(相关系数= 1),且PRBF-POST方法在不同信道数下帧率保持一致(16、64和128信道时帧率分别为44.25、44.32和44.35 fps),而PRBF-CON方法随着信道数的增加帧率下降(分别为39.73、13.19和3.8 fps)。这些结果表明,所提出的PRBF-POST方法比PRBF-CON方法更有利于实现无线US成像系统。
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引用次数: 1
A new approach to ultrasonic elasticity imaging 超声弹性成像的一种新方法
Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.2216549
Cameron Hoerig, J. Ghaboussi, M. Fatemi, M. Insana
Biomechanical properties of soft tissues can provide information regarding the local health status. Often the cells in pathological tissues can be found to form a stiff extracellular environment, which is a sensitive, early diagnostic indicator of disease. Quasi-static ultrasonic elasticity imaging provides a way to image the mechanical properties of tissues. Strain images provide a map of the relative tissue stiffness, but ambiguities and artifacts limit its diagnostic value. Accurately mapping intrinsic mechanical parameters of a region may increase diagnostic specificity. However, the inverse problem, whereby force and displacement estimates are used to estimate a constitutive matrix, is ill conditioned. Our method avoids many of the issues involved with solving the inverse problem, such as unknown boundary conditions and incomplete information about the stress field, by building an empirical model directly from measured data. Surface force and volumetric displacement data gathered during imaging are used in conjunction with the AutoProgressive method to teach artificial neural networks the stress-strain relationship of tissues. The Autoprogressive algorithm has been successfully used in many civil engineering applications and to estimate ocular pressure and corneal stiffness; here, we are expanding its use to any tissues imaged ultrasonically. We show that force-displacement data recorded with an ultrasound probe and displacements estimated at a few points in the imaged region can be used to estimate the full stress and strain vectors throughout an entire model while only assuming conservation laws. We will also demonstrate methods to parameterize the mechanical properties based on the stress-strain response of trained neural networks. This method is a fundamentally new approach to medical elasticity imaging that for the first time provides full stress and strain vectors from one set of observation data.
软组织的生物力学特性可以提供有关局部健康状况的信息。通常可以发现病理组织中的细胞形成僵硬的细胞外环境,这是疾病的敏感、早期诊断指标。准静态超声弹性成像为组织的力学特性成像提供了一种方法。应变图像提供了相对组织刚度的图,但模糊性和伪影限制了其诊断价值。准确地绘制一个区域的内在力学参数可以增加诊断的特异性。然而,用力和位移估计来估计本构矩阵的反问题是病态的。我们的方法通过直接从测量数据建立经验模型,避免了求解反问题所涉及的许多问题,例如未知的边界条件和应力场信息不完整。在成像过程中收集的表面力和体积位移数据与AutoProgressive方法结合使用,向人工神经网络教授组织的应力-应变关系。自渐进算法已成功地用于许多土木工程应用和估计眼压和角膜刚度;在这里,我们将其应用扩展到超声成像的任何组织。我们表明,用超声探头记录的力-位移数据和在成像区域的几个点估计的位移可以用来估计整个模型的全部应力和应变矢量,而只假设守恒定律。我们还将演示基于训练神经网络的应力-应变响应参数化力学性能的方法。这种方法是医学弹性成像的一种全新方法,首次从一组观察数据中提供完整的应力和应变向量。
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引用次数: 6
Spatial smoothing coherence factor for ultrasound computed tomography 超声计算机断层扫描的空间平滑相干系数
Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.2216191
Cuijuan Lou, Mengling Xu, Mingyue Ding, M. Yuchi
In recent years, many research studies have been carried out on ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) for its application prospect in early diagnosis of breast cancer. This paper applies four kinds of coherence-factor-like beamforming methods to improve the image quality of synthetic aperture focusing method for USCT, including the coherence-factor (CF), the phase coherence factor (PCF), the sign coherence factor (SCF) and the spatial smoothing coherence factor (SSCF) (proposed in our previous work). The performance of these methods was tested with simulated raw data which were generated by the ultrasound simulation software PZFlex 2014. The simulated phantom was set to be water of 4cm diameter with three nylon objects of different diameters inside. The ring-type transducer had 72 elements with a center frequency of 1MHz. The results show that all the methods can reveal the biggest nylon circle with the radius of 2.5mm. SSCF gets the highest SNR among the proposed methods and provides a more homogenous background. None of these methods can reveal the two smaller nylon circles with the radius of 0.75mm and 0.25mm. This may be due to the small number of elements.
近年来,人们对超声计算机断层扫描(USCT)在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用前景进行了许多研究。本文采用了四种类相干因子的波束形成方法,分别是相干因子(CF)、相位相干因子(PCF)、符号相干因子(SCF)和空间平滑相干因子(SSCF),提高了USCT合成孔径聚焦法的成像质量。利用超声仿真软件PZFlex 2014生成的模拟原始数据对这些方法的性能进行了测试。模拟的幻影被设置为直径4厘米的水,里面有三个不同直径的尼龙物体。环形换能器有72个元件,中心频率为1MHz。结果表明,所有方法均能显示出半径为2.5mm的最大尼龙圆。在这些方法中,SSCF获得了最高的信噪比,并提供了更均匀的背景。这些方法都无法显示半径为0.75mm和0.25mm的两个较小的尼龙圆。这可能是由于元素数量少。
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引用次数: 6
Development and evaluation of a novel VEGFR2-targeted nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents 新型vegfr2靶向纳米级超声造影剂的研制与评价
Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.2214812
Houqiang Yu, Chunfang Li, Xiaoling He, Qibing Zhou, Mingyue Ding
Recent literatures have reported that the targeted nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents are becoming more and more important in medical application, like ultrasound imaging, detection of perfusion, drug delivery and molecular imaging and so on. In this study, we fabricated an uniform nanoscale bubbles (257 nm with the polydispersity index of 0.458) by incorporation of antibody targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) into the nanobubbles membrane by using avidin-biotin interaction. Some fundamental characterizations such as nanobubble suspension, surface morphology, particle size distribution and zeta potential were investigated. The concentration and time-intensity curves (TICs) were obtained with a self-made ultrasound experimental setup in vitro evaluation. In addition, in order to evaluate the contrast enhancement ability and the potential tumor-targeted ability in vivo, normal Wistar rats and nude female BALB/c mice were intravascular administration of the nanobubbles via tail vein injection, respectively. Significant contrast enhancement of ultrasound imaging within liver and tumor were visualized. These experiments demonstrated that the targeted nanobubbles is efficient in ultrasound molecular imaging by enhancement of the contrast effect and have potential capacity for targeted tumor diagnosis and therapy in the future.
近年来文献报道,靶向纳米级超声造影剂在超声成像、血流灌注检测、给药及分子成像等方面的医学应用越来越重要。在本研究中,我们利用亲和素-生物素相互作用,将靶向血管内皮生长因子受体2 (VEGFR2)的抗体掺入纳米气泡膜,制备出均匀的纳米气泡(257 nm,多分散指数为0.458)。研究了纳米气泡悬浮液、表面形貌、粒径分布和zeta电位等基本表征。用自制的超声实验装置获得了体外评价的浓度曲线和时间-强度曲线。此外,为了评估纳米气泡在体内的造影剂增强能力和潜在的肿瘤靶向能力,我们分别通过尾静脉给药给药正常Wistar大鼠和裸雌性BALB/c小鼠。可见肝脏及肿瘤内超声显像明显增强。这些实验表明,靶向纳米气泡通过增强对比效果在超声分子成像中是有效的,在未来的肿瘤靶向诊断和治疗中具有潜在的能力。
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引用次数: 1
A method for investigating system matrix properties in optimization-based CT reconstruction 基于优化的CT重建中系统矩阵性质的研究方法
Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.2217111
Sean D. Rose, E. Sidky, Xiaochuan Pan
Optimization-based iterative reconstruction methods have shown much promise for a variety of applications in X-ray computed tomography (CT). In these reconstruction methods, the X-ray measurement is modeled as a linear mapping from a finite-dimensional image space to a finite dimensional data-space. This mapping is dependent on a number of factors including the basis functions used for image representation1 and the method by which the matrix representing this mapping is generated.2 Understanding the properties of this linear mapping and how it depends on our choice of parameters is fundamental to optimization-based reconstruction. In this work, we confine our attention to a pixel basis and propose a method to investigate the effect of pixel size in optimization-based reconstruction. The proposed method provides insight into the tradeoff between higher resolution image representation and matrix conditioning. We demonstrate this method for a particular breast CT system geometry. We find that the images obtained from accurate solution of a least squares reconstruction optimization problem have high sensitivity to pixel size within certain regimes. We propose two methods by which this sensitivity can be reduced and demonstrate their efficacy. Our results indicate that the choice of pixel size in optimization-based reconstruction can have great impact on the quality of the reconstructed image, and that understanding the properties of the linear mapping modeling the X-ray measurement can help guide us with this choice.
基于优化的迭代重建方法在x射线计算机断层扫描(CT)的各种应用中显示出很大的希望。在这些重建方法中,x射线测量被建模为从有限维图像空间到有限维数据空间的线性映射。这种映射依赖于许多因素,包括用于图像表示的基函数1和生成表示这种映射的矩阵的方法2理解这种线性映射的属性以及它如何依赖于我们选择的参数是基于优化的重建的基础。在这项工作中,我们将注意力集中在像素基础上,并提出了一种方法来研究像素大小对基于优化的重建的影响。所提出的方法提供了更高分辨率图像表示和矩阵调节之间的权衡。我们演示了这种方法的一个特定的乳腺CT系统几何。我们发现从最小二乘重构优化问题的精确解得到的图像在一定范围内对像素大小有很高的灵敏度。我们提出了两种方法来降低这种敏感性,并证明了它们的有效性。我们的研究结果表明,在基于优化的重建中,像素大小的选择对重建图像的质量有很大的影响,了解x射线测量线性映射建模的性质有助于指导我们进行这一选择。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of patient movement during 3D USCT data acquisition 三维USCT数据采集过程中患者运动分析
Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.2216680
N. Ruiter, T. Hopp, M. Zapf, E. Kretzek, H. Gemmeke
In our first clinical study with a full 3D Ultrasound Computer Tomography (USCT) system patient data was acquired in eight minutes for one breast. In this paper the patient movement during the acquisition was analyzed quantitatively and as far as possible corrected in the resulting images. The movement was tracked in ten successive reflectivity reconstructions of full breast volumes acquired during 10 s intervals at different aperture positions, which were separated by 41 s intervals. The mean distance between initial and final position was 2.2 mm (standard deviation (STD) ± 0.9 mm, max. 4.1 mm, min. 0.8 mm) and the average sum of all moved distances was 4.9 mm (STD ± 1.9 mm, max. 8.8 mm, min. 2.7 mm). The tracked movement was corrected by summing successive images, which were transformed according to the detected movement. The contrast of these images increased and additional image content became visible.
在我们的第一个临床研究中,使用完整的3D超声计算机断层扫描(USCT)系统在8分钟内获得了一个乳房的患者数据。本文对采集过程中患者的运动进行了定量分析,并在得到的图像中尽可能地进行了校正。以41 s为间隔,以10 s为间隔,在不同的孔径位置连续10次获得全乳房体积的反射率重建。初始位置与最终位置之间的平均距离为2.2 mm(标准偏差(STD)±0.9 mm,最大;4.1 mm,最小0.8 mm),所有移动距离的平均总和为4.9 mm (STD±1.9 mm,最大。8.8毫米,最小2.7毫米)。根据检测到的运动进行变换,将连续图像相加,对跟踪到的运动进行校正。这些图像的对比度增加了,并且可以看到额外的图像内容。
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引用次数: 10
Quantitative evaluation of PET image using event information bootstrap 基于事件信息自举法的PET图像定量评价
Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.1117/12.2217154
Hankyeol Song, Shin Kwak, KyeongMin Kim, J. Kang, Y. Chung, S. Woo
The purpose of this study was to enhance the effect in the PET image quality according to event bootstrap of small animal PET data. In order to investigate the time difference condition, realigned sinograms were generated from randomly sampled data set using bootstrap. List-mode data was obtained from small animal PET scanner for Ge-68 30 sec, Y-90 20 min and Y-90 60 min. PET image was reconstructed by Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization(OSEM) 2D with the list-mode format. Image analysis was investigated by Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) of Ge-68 and Y-90 image. Non-parametric resampled PET image SNR percent change for the Ge-68 30 sec, Y-90 60 min, and Y-90 20 min was 1.69 %, 7.03 %, and 4.78 %, respectively. SNR percent change of non-parametric resampled PET image with time difference condition was 1.08 % for the Ge-68 30 sec, 6.74 % for the Y-90 60 min and 10.94 % for the Y-90 29 min. The result indicated that the bootstrap with time difference condition had a potential to improve a noisy Y-90 PET image quality. This method should be expected to reduce Y-90 PET measurement time and to enhance its accuracy.
本研究的目的是通过小动物PET数据的事件自举来提高PET图像质量的效果。为了研究时差条件,采用自举法从随机采样的数据集生成重新对齐的信号图。从小动物PET扫描仪获得Ge-68 30秒,Y-90 20分钟和Y-90 60分钟的列表模式数据。PET图像通过有序子集期望最大化(OSEM) 2D以列表模式格式重建。利用Ge-68和Y-90图像的信噪比(SNR)对图像进行分析。Ge-68 30秒、Y-90 60分钟和Y-90 20分钟的非参数重采样PET图像信噪比变化分别为1.69%、7.03%和4.78%。时差条件下非参数重采样PET图像的信噪比变化率在Ge-68 30秒时为1.08%,在Y-90 60分钟时为6.74%,在Y-90 29分钟时为10.94%。结果表明,时差条件下的自举有可能改善有噪声的Y-90 PET图像质量。该方法有望减少Y-90 PET测量时间并提高其准确性。
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引用次数: 0
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SPIE Medical Imaging
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